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Naegleria: observations on its distribution in east Asia and South America, and electron microscopic studies on cultured trophozoites.

The present study is a survey of the distribution of Naegleria strains in water collected from ponds and rivers. Twenty three strains were isolated and identified as Naegleria fowleri. These strains were examined in culture for temperature tolerance. The five strains among of them were able to survive 32-36 degrees C. The two virulent strains were isolated from above the five strains. The lamellar structures in Naegleria showed positive reaction for acid phosphatase activity.

Amoeba↗

The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of Trypanosoma vivax from South America and Africa.

The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of Trypanosoma vivax are controversial. It is generally suggested that South American, and East and West African isolates could be classified as subspecies or species allied to T. vivax. This is the first phylogenetic study to compare South American isolates (Brazil and Venezuela) with West/East African T. vivax isolates. Phylogeny using ribosomal sequences positioned all T. vivax isolates tightly together on the periphery of the clade containing all Salivarian trypanosomes. The same branching of isolates within T. vivax clade was observed in all inferred phylogenies using different data sets of sequences (SSU, SSU plus 5.8S or whole ITS rDNA). T. vivax from Brazil, Venezuela and West Africa (Nigeria) were closely related corroborating the West African origin of South American T. vivax, whereas a large genetic distance separated these isolates from the East African isolate (Kenya) analysed. Brazilian isolates from cattle asymptomatic or showing distinct pathology were highly homogeneous. This study did not disclose significant polymorphism to separate West African and South American isolates into different species/subspecies and indicate that the complexity of T. vivax in Africa and of the whole subgenus Trypanosoma (Duttonella) might be higher than previously believed.

Africa↗