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PubMed1990

[Mechanisms of the development of immunodependent inflammation in silicosis].

Patients with uncomplicated silicosis were found to develop chronic immunodependent inflammation caused by an adjuvant effect of silica and characterized by autoimmune, histamine- and complement-dependent components. Reduced specific and non-specific antimicrobial defence underlies frequent complication of silicosis by tuberculosis and nonspecific infectious diseases of the bronchopulmonary system. A diagram showing the development of immunodependent inflammation in silicosis is presented.

Autoantigens↗
PubMed1990

[Two cases of ataxic sensory neuropathy associated with silicosis].

Two patients of ataxic sensory neuropathy associated with silicosis were studied. Case 1 is a 53-year-old (in 1979) man who was a stonecutter for 40 years and diagnosed as silicosis in 1973. Case 2 is a 64-year-old (in 1984) man who was a glasscutter for 30 years and had been treated for silicosis from 1980 to 1982. Both patients developed dysesthesias in the hands, feet and face asymmetrically and gait ataxia over a few months. Vibratory and joint position senses were profoundly diminished but were accompanied by only mildly decreased pain and temperature sensations. Their muscle power was almost unchanged. Both had absent muscle power was almost unchanged. Both had absent muscle stretch reflexes. Sensory nerve conduction velocities were absent and motor nerve studies were almost normal. Nerve biopsy in case 2 showed a severe loss of large myelinaed fibers, and no inflammatory infiltrates and onion bulb formations. Although these findings suggested the carcinomatous neuropathy, we could not find any malignancy. Both patients had elevated polyclonal gamma-globulin levels and rheumatoid factors and, in case 2 an increase of IgG in serum. Cerebrospinal fluid showed an albumino-cytogenic dissociation and steroid therapy was successful in both patients. Case 1 died of pneumonia in 1989. Though an autopsy was not performed, his condition had continued to improve without signs of malignancy during 10 years. The condition of case 2 has also continued to improve, although ataxias remain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ataxia↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical therapeutic effect of xifukang in 53 patients with silicosis].

Xifukang is a compound preparation of Chinese herbs consisting of Hanbane grugs mainly. Since 1987, the significant efficiency have been obtained in treatment of 53 patients suffering from silicosis by self-control study. The results indicated that the clinical manifestations including dyspnea, cough, sputum production, chest pain, weakness, etc. were markedly improved (P less than 0.01) and measurements of pulmonary function (FVC, FEV and MVV) significant enhanced (P less than 0.01). After treatment 20 cases roentgenogram exam showed that the lung's clarity and the limited emphysema were improved, the silicolic nodule and mass-mergence opacity of 3 cases lessened in some degree. By discussing the effect of Xifukang which might lower the collagen protein content of experimental silicosis of Wistar rats and improve pathomorphous. The authors concluded that the therapeutic mechanism of Xifukang could be the actions of this remedy on promoting blood circulation to eliminate blood stasis dredging microcirculation, increasing ventilation/perfusion (VA/Q), protecting dust-cells, resisting fibrosis, regulating immune function, enhancing lung clearance, postponing and preventing development of silicosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Silicosis and fibrogenesis: fact and artifact.

Although the pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of silicosis in humans have been extensively documented, the mechanisms by which the fibrogenic effects of silica are manifested remain obscure. In this review, both in vitro and in vivo models of silicosis are discussed, with emphasis on the potential methodological pitfalls of each. In animal models, for example, species variability, silica type and route of administration all effect the results obtained. Tissue culture work has provided evidence that the fibroblast-macrophage interaction is a key event in fibrogenesis. However, critical variables in experimental design make it difficult to compare the often conflicting results of different workers. Experimental conditions that directly affect collagen chain biosynthesis and subsequent hydroxylation of proline appear to be of particular importance. It is concluded that, in part because of methodological difficulties, there are insufficient data to draw firm conclusions regarding the effect of silica-exposed macrophages on collagen biosynthesis by fibroblasts in vitro; there are few, if any, data concerning the role of the macrophage that has ingested silica in human or animal models of silicosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Crystalline and amorphous forms of SiO2 in the lungs of patients with silicosis].

Lung samples of dead patients with silicosis (9 persons) and those without silicosis were compared. The obtained results showed that there was no significant difference in the content of crystalline and amorphous forms of SiO2 in the control group and the dust-exposed group. Because of elevated content of SiO2 amorphous form total SiO2 concentrations were higher in the lungs of patients with silicosis than in the control group, but the content of the crystalline form didn't differ significantly. The samples were analyzed on the basis of the technique used with slight modifications for the determination of SiO2 crystalline form in industrial dust. Before the analysis was carried out the conditions for primary sample treatment were standardized. It was also shown that the mass of ashed lungs constituted 0.8 +/- 0.2% of the damp mass and 2.4 +/- 0.7% of the dry one.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1989

[Relation between genetic and non-genetic factors of individual susceptibility to silicosis].

The study was carried out at a number of industrial enterprises at risk of silicosis by means of the methodological approach based on the mathematical theory of image discrimination. It was shown that under the given conditions of dust exposure higher or lower probability of the development of silicosis and silicotuberculosis in an individual depended on the whole set of environment and endogenic factors, involving genetic predisposition to the disease as one of the leading factors. The impact of the above factors being similar irrespective of the type of the enterprise, their comparative contribution could be different. Thus reliable prediction of high probability of the disease development could be provided by means of the method of multifactorial analysis only as applied to specific conditions of the given enterprise. In spite of low prevalence of the genotype of silicosis- and silicotuberculosis-associated resistance, under the exposure to quartz dust, high probability of the disease development was predicted only in a number of cases if other individual symptoms were taken into account along the genotype. Therefore it became possible to identify the most susceptible persons at the stage of medical vocational selection.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1989

[The frequency of bronchial carcinoma in 1,000 autopsies of cases of silicosis].

In the present examination were analysed the anamneses, necropsies and x-ray photograms of 1,000 patients (743 men and 257 women), who died from silicosis in the Thuringian area. The analysis includes a period of 30 years. The material of examination comprises autopsies from 1954 to 1983. There were 45 lung cancers, found in 42 men and 3 women. A relation to smoking habit could not be examined. The lung cancer was mainly connected with a stadium of silicosis II. Only in 6 lung cancers there was a relation to the silicosis like a cicatrice cancer assumed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Increased expression of class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex on alveolar macrophages and alveolar type II cells and interleukin-1 (IL-1) secretion from alveolar macrophages in an animal model of silicosis.

Silicosis is a chronic progressive granulomatous and fibrotic lung disease caused by inhaled silica. Although the causative agent is known, the pathogenesis, especially the immunologic response, is not well understood. We examined two important components of cell-mediated immune responses in the lungs of rats with silica-induced lung disease, i.e., class II (Ia) antigen expression and IL-1 production. The relative density of Ia was examined on isolated alveolar macrophages and type II cells with a solid-phase cellular radioimmunoassay and the percent of Ia positive cells was determined by an indirect immunofluorescent technique. There was a three-fold increase of Ia expression on the alveolar macrophages and nearly a two-fold increase on type II cells from rats with silicosis compared to normal rats. The percent of alveolar type II cells positive for Ia increased by 20%, and the alveolar macrophages increased by 40%. IL-1 in supernatants from cultured alveolar macrophage was measured by the amount of DNA synthesis in an IL-1 dependent cell line (D10). A six-fold increase in IL-1 secretion was noted in macrophage supernatants derived from silica-treated animals. We conclude that in this animal model of silicosis, a local amplification of cell-mediated immune responses may be instrumental in the pathogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Does silicosis still occur?

A state-based surveillance system has identified 401 individuals with the diagnosis of silicosis for the years 1979 through 1987. The individuals identified were generally older men who began work before 1960 and had worked for 15 years or more in potteries, construction, foundries, or sand mines. Follow-up inspections at the identified companies indicated ongoing poorly controlled exposure to silica. Difficulties in distinguishing coal worker's pneumoconiosis from silicosis and inadequate attention to tuberculosis by the treating physicians were noted. Few workers applied for workers' compensation. Extrapolation of our results to the whole country suggests that the current national surveillance system for occupational illnesses markedly underestimates the true occurrence of silicosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The prevalence of silicosis in Orange Free State gold miners.

The prevalence of silicosis in the migrant laborer in the South African, Orange Free State gold mines has not previously been estimated. Two methods were used to estimate the prevalence of silicosis in this population. The two techniques are described. The difference between the two estimates illustrates the difficulty of epidemiologic studies in this type of working population. It is noted that the highest estimate of 138 cases per 10,000 workers is certainly less than the true prevalence of the disorder. The use of routine miniature (100-mm) chest radiographs for the detection of silicosis was validated through comparison with normal size (125-kV radiographs and through analysis of the consistency of reading of second miniature films from the same subjects.

Black People↗
PubMed1985

Silicosis in women. Experience from the Swedish Pneumoconiosis Register.

Among approximately 4,700 cases reported to the Swedish Pneumoconiosis Registry in the period 1931 through 1980 were 53 cases of women with silicosis, 42 of whom had worked in the ceramic industry. In a follow-up investigation, the women who had contracted silicosis in pottery-forming shops were compared with silicotic men whose occupational history was similar. Age, stage of silicosis at the time of diagnosis, and mortality rates, were by and large the same for men and women, as was tuberculosis incidence. The prediagnosis duration of exposure to dust, however, was significantly shorter for the women, (20.5 +/- 8.6 yr) than for the men (28 +/- 10.1 yr) (p less than .001), and roentgenographic evidence of progression of the lesions was more pronounced in the women. No conclusive explanation of this difference was demonstrable.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Interpretation of pneumoconiosis--results of cardiopulmonary function tests in dust-exposed patients with and without silicosis].

The retrospective evaluation of 472 judgements of professional disease in persons exposed to dusts showed that all observed restrictions of cardio-pulmonary function (obstructive lung disease, increase of residual volume, respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension) occurred almost independently from the presence and stage of silicosis, but correlated first of all with the duration of exposure. Frequency and degree of functional disorders in exposed persons without radiologically demonstrable silicosis indicate that the fraction of nonspecific dusts, which is by far larger than the SiO2-fraction, produces chronic obstructive lung disease and its sequelae (emphysema, pulmonary hypertension). The term "pneumoconiosis" should therefore be used in a much broader sense than hitherto. This leads to considerations of the present practice of judgement on silicosis which are presented and discussed in detail.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Coincidence of silicosis and sarcoidosis. 1. Observations in a selected patient sample].

In a group of 1,975 patients with sarcoidosis we observed 11 patients with an additional histologically proved silicosis and 4 further patients with a silicosis found out by X-rays. In 57 other patients of this group we could only state a professional exposure to quartz dust. In this 1st communication we point out casuistries of literature, own experiences, possibilities and necessaries for a secure diagnosis of a coincidence of both diseases without regards of causal and pathogenetic connections. The physician at the hospital will take the last responsibility for diagnosis; it is based as a rule on X-ray-series. Most reliable and uncontradictedly recognized diagnosis of coincidence of silicosis and sarcoidosis is got by histological examination of lymph nodes and lung tissue obtained by microthoracotomy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of synthetic regulators of radical reactions on the course of experimental silicosis].

Therapeutic properties of N-oxide poly-1,2-ethylene piperidine (NO-PEP) as well as of free radical reaction inhibitors, bound with polymers by means of complex and covalent linkages, were studied in experimental silicosis. The preparations studied were used depending on the step of silicosis development as well as on the type of impairment in lipid peroxidation and the antioxidative activity (AOA) of lung lipids. The data obtained are discussed in relation to properties of the preparations used and to alterations in lipid peroxidation and AOA reactions found in silicosis. Use of immobilized physiologically active substances enabled to establish some principles in development of antisilicosis drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Serum lysosomal enzyme activities in silicosis and asbestosis.

The serum activities of two lysosomal enzymes, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) and beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) were analyzed for 28 silicosis and 34 asbestosis patients. The enzyme activities of the patients were compared with those of age-, sex- and exposure-matched controls with no radiological signs of pneumoconiosis, and with an additional reference group of blood donors. The serum activity of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase was higher in the silicosis patients (32.5 +/- 11.7 U/l) than in the asbestosis patients (21.7 +/- 7.9 U/l, p less than 0.001), in the silica exposed controls (27.1 +/- 6.7 U/l, p less than 0.05) or in the blood donors (24.8 +/- 6.3 U/l, p less than 0.05). No significant differences were found in the serum activity of beta-glucuronidase in the studied groups. Although the mechanisms causing different levels of serum beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in silicosis and asbestosis patients remain unresolved, they may be related to the different mechanisms of action of the two dusts on lung (10).

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1978

[Danger of silicosis in pottery (author's transl)].

The trade of pottery was practised already in antiquity. This very old art had culmination points of its artistic performance in several epochs. The ornamentation of the body of the ware by glazing came in use in Germany (Rhine Territory) in the 12th century. The raw material applied were plastic argils baking with colour, at that time just as now. After dressing with water the plastic material was shaped to the most different objects. It was done, either off-hand or by the aid of the potter's wheel. Dust is developing when the argils are crushed representing a danger to health if technical control of the dust is not made effective. Wearing respiratory protection apparatuses is sufficient in shorttime work but must be regularly checked according to our experience. In the production of earthenware relatively high concentrations of dust occur only temporarily, but in very few cases they may cause silicosis. Among the 35 cases of silicosis in potters observed by the different special services for prophylaxis and control of dust 25 developed by exposition in plants of the GDR. 8 of the 10 diseased persons with exposition in plants outside the GDR had worked as potters in Bunzau (Silesia). The danger of silicosis is by for less than in the porcelain industry; it can be prevented by keeping clean the places of employment. This low danger is proven also by the very long exposition time of 30--40 years in average.

Ceramics↗
PubMed1980

[Comparative scintigraphic and roentgenological examinations of the lung in various stages of silicosis (author's transl)].

In 84 patients with silicosis of various stages, a semi-quantitative topographical measurement of perfusion of the lung was performed with radionuclide albumin particles. At the same time, the scintigram of the lungs and x-ray films of the thorax were compared with each other. With increasing degree of severity of the silicosis, redistribution of the pulmonary blood flow was seen. The blood flow on the left side increases to the detriment of the right side until an approximate balance between the perfusion of both lungs is attained. With reference to the four quadrants, the greatest drop in perfusion occurs in the right upper quadrant, associated with the simultaneous greatest relative increase in the left upper quadrant. X-ray film of the thorax and scintigram pointed to a stronger and earlier silicosis affection of the right lung than of the left one.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Hepatosplenic silicosis].

A case of hepatosplenic silicosis complicating a pulmonary silicosis is reported. Numerous calcified splenic nodules seen with conventional radiology, ultrasound or computed tomography, hepatic microcalcifications and "egg shell" abdominal lymph nodes best seen with computed tomography represent the radiologic signs. However, hepatosplenic silicosis can only be confirmed by pathological examination of liver biopsies showing birefringent particles within hyalinized nodules.

Calcinosis↗