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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Respiratory tract infections in the pathway to multiple myeloma: a population-based study in Scandinavia.

Encounter with infectious antigens has been proposed to initiate the cascade of events associated with progression from premalignancy (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, MGUS) to multiple myeloma (MM). We conducted a population-based case-control study to evaluate risk of developing MM associated with a personal history of various respiratory tracts infections occurring >1 year prior to MM. Inpatient (1977-1997) and outpatient (1994-1997) diagnoses were obtained for all MM patients (n=4,476) diagnosed in Denmark (1977-1997) and 16,727 matched controls. A personal history of pneumonia was associated with a 1.6-fold (95%CI 1.3-2.0) increased risk of MM; the elevated risk was restricted to 1-4.99 years prior to the diagnosis of MM (OR=1.7,95%CI 1.3-2.2). Individuals with two and three or more previous episodes of pneumonia had a 1.7-fold (95%CI 1.0-3.0; p=0.05) and a 1.5-fold (95%CI 0.6-3.9) elevated MM risk, respectively. Pneumonia could be a trigger to the development of MM or a manifestation of immune disturbances in late-stage MGUS.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The surgical treatment of spinal metastases in Scandinavia].

The article consists in a review of the findings in a questionnaire study, which indicate that the adoption of new surgical techniques varies from one centre to another. Several prognostic factors have been identified, that enable the differentiation of treatment from palliation to reconstruction. The new fixation methods yield improved functional outcome without a significant increase in surgical trauma. An active surgical approach is outlined which, in conjunction with overall oncological care, may improve the patient's quality of life.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Self-reported health status among students in Scandinavia].

The article reports data from the WHO cross-national study on health behaviour in schoolchildren. A sample of 11,774 children aged 11, 13 and 15 years in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden answered a questionnaire on social situation, health, health behaviour and lifestyle. Self assessed health is reported excellent among approximately two thirds of the Swedish children, half the Danish children, one third of the Finnish children and one fifth of the Norwegian children. In Denmark, Norway and Sweden self-assessed health is better among boys than girls. The most frequent symptom reported by the children is feeling low. Approximately half the children have experienced this condition at least once during the last week. Difficulties in getting to sleep, head ache, and feeling nervous are symptoms experienced by approximately one third of the children at least once a week. Smaller proportions of the children have experienced stomach-ache, back pain, bad temper and feeling dizzy. There are minor variations between countries and between age groups, but in almost all age groups in all countries more girls than boys report these symptoms. Approximately every fourth pupil have used medication against headache, stomach-ache and coughs during the last month. More girls than boys have used these medications, less pupils in Denmark than in the other countries. Very small proportions have used medication against nervousness and difficulties to getting to sleep.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Radiology in Scandinavia].

In 1987 the Nordic Institutes of Hospital Research joint co-operation on medical technology assessment (NEMT) performed a study of the national differences in the utilization of diagnostic techniques in the radiological laboratories. Major differences between the countries were found in both total and specific examination rates. In total numbers of conventional investigations, Finland performed about 60 per cent more investigations than the average of Sweden, Denmark and Norway, which all were of the same level of approximately 470 examinations per 1,000 inhabitants. The difference was attributed mainly to X-ray investigations executed at the primary health care level in Finland. Other remarkable differences were in particular observed in techniques of increasing or decreasing importance.

Angiography↗
PubMed1977

An emerging zoonosis in Scandinavia -- nephropathia epidemica.

The paper reviews as zoonosis the disease called Nephropathia epidemica in north European countries. The etiology is as yet unsolved but a viral one is highly suspected with small rodents (voles and mice) as the source of infection. Based on the epidemiological peculiarities of the disease, the ecology of the agent and hypothetical ways of transmission of infection from small rodents to man are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Symphysis-fundus measurements in Scandinavia].

Since the late 1970s symphysis-fundus measurements have been used in the Nordic countries to predict fetal growth deviation. Via a questionnaire, sent to Nordic university hospitals representative of health care areas, existing practices have been investigated. Symphysis-fundus measurements are almost invariably obtained and plotted onto nomograms as part of routine antenatal care. Five normal curves are in use showing some variation, but there are considerable differences in the selection of material and in the statistical treatment of the data. Revision of some of these curves may be required.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1990

[Tuberculosis in Scandinavia--Finland families' black sheep].

The incidence of tuberculosis in the Nordic countries is one of the lowest in the world: Denmark 5.1, Iceland 6.4, Norway 6.9 and Sweden 6.5; whereas in Finland it is around the mean for Europe, 28.9 per 100,000 (1988). The immigrants are the risk group because they usually come from countries with a high prevalence. The BCG-vaccination at birth is still used in Finland. Other Nordic countries vaccinate mainly the risk groups. Revaccination is no longer indicated. After the discontinuation of the BCG at birth in 1975 the sensitivity to environmental mycobacteria has increased in Sweden. The screening programmes have been phased out but there is reason to take tuberculosis into account at pre-employment examinations, and to perform meticulous contract tracing of the smear-positives. Effective short course chemotherapy is given in all the countries. The Nordic countries must continue to keep accurate tuberculosis registers, to maintain the high diagnostic level and successfully apply the latest high technology and know-how for the eradication of tuberculosis which, however, will persist into the next generation.

BCG Vaccine↗