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PubMed1995

[Complete anorectal stenosis due to paracetamol and salicylamide suppositories].

A female patient previously diagnosed of psychiatric disease used a compound of paracetamol-salicilamide-codeine in suppositories, daily, for more than one year, for migraine. She developed a complete recto-anal stenosis and bowel obstruction requiring permanent colostomy. Ulceration and recto-anal stenosis have been described in association with the use of suppositories, mainly ergotamine. However, this is the first case of total recto-anal stenosis.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2003

Antimycobacterial and antifungal isosters of salicylamides.

A set of 40 derivatives of 3-hydroxypicolinic acid and 2-sulfanylbenzoic acid, isosteric to salicylanilides was synthesized. The compounds were evaluated for in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium avium, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Trichosporon beigelii, Aspergillus fumigatus, Absidia corymbifera, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum. Structure-activity relationships of antimycobacterial activity and antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were analyzed by the Free-Wilson method. An increase in antimycobacterial activity was observed only for the sulfanylbenzoic acid derivatives, especially those with the benzyl moiety. The antifungal activity was not significant.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1952

[Salicylamid].

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Anthelmintics↗
PubMed1975

Salycylamide glucuronide formation in liver disease and its change by drugs.

Salicylamide glucuronide (SAMG) in 0-6 and 6-12 hours-urine specimens was determined after oral administration of salicylamide in 7 normal volunteers (NV), in 51 cases of various liver diseases and hyperbilirubinemias, and in 19 cases after drug administration, to predict the in vivo drug metabolism in man and its change by drugs. Maximal glucuronide formation was obtained by 1.0 g of salicylamide administered to NV; thus, this dosage was used in the present study. SAMG as percent of total salicylamide, the percent of SAMG, from 0-6 hours-urine specimens was high and constant in NV (71.3 +/- 8.3 (Mean +/- S.D.)). 0-0.08% of the total salicylamide was confirmed as free salicylamide in 0-12 hours-urine specimens of NV. The percent of SAMG of 0-6 hours-urine specimens was 57.2 +/- 8.6 in acute hepatitis, 66.6 +/- 10.9 in chronic hepatitis, and 48.6 +/- 10.7 in liver cirrhosis (mean +/- S.D.). Free salicylamide increased slightly in liver diseases. Serum bilirubin levels tended to be inversely correlated with the percent of SAMG. In most cases of Gilbert's syndrome, the percent of SAMG remained at a normal level. The percent of SAMG in cases with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemias of other geneses were almost within normal limits. Bucolome and phenobarbital increased the percent of SAMG in patients with various liver diseases. After rifampicin or phenytoin administration, the percent of SAMG of the patients with lung tuberculosis or epilepsy did not surpass that of NV.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The effects of aspirin-like drugs on the nutritional status of pregnant rats and offspring.

Previous studies have shown that salicylates and protein-calorie malnutrition independently compromise maturation and growth of infants. In the present study, pregnant rats were fed normal-and low-protein diets with and without aspirinlike drug treatments. The effects of a low-protein (8 percent) diet included decreases in total serum proteins in both dams and their offspring. Decreases in weight gains, serum albumin and globulin levels, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were detected in dams fed the low-protein diet without evidence of changes of these variables in their offspring.Salicylamide treatment was associated with decreased BUN values, and aspirin treatment was associated with decreased body-weight gains in both pregnant rats and offspring of dams fed the normal (25 percent) protein-control diet. Although aspirin treatment decreased weight gains, total serum protein and albumin levels, and BUN values, salicylamide decreased only the serum albumin levels of dams fed the normal-protein diet. Salicylamide treatment of dams fed the normal-protein diet was associated with decreased serum globulin levels, increased serum albumin-globulin ratios, and increased body-weight gains in their offspring.Both aspirin and salicylamide treatments were associated with decreased total serum protein levels in dams fed a low-protein diet. Aspirin treatment increased serum globulin levels and decreased serum albumin-globulin ratios in off-spring of dams fed the low-protein diet. The only effect of salicylamide treatment on offspring of dams fed the low-protein diet was decreased BUN values.It is concluded that aspirin treatment of pregnant rats was associated with more deleterious effects on their offspring than salicylamide treatment. Low maternal dietary protein conditions exacerbated effects associated with both salicylamide and aspirin treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The effect of topically applied salicylic compounds on serotonin-induced scratching behaviour in hairless rats.

There is a strong need for antipruritic substances for treating itch in clinical dermatology. In one recent human study, topically applied acetylsalicylic acid has been described to rapidly decrease histamine-induced itch. We have established a model for periferally elicited pruritus by injecting serotonin into the rostral back area (neck) in rats. Using this model, we aimed to investigate the antipruritic potential of four different salicylic compounds, which all possess different skin penetration characteristics. Eighteen rats were studied for 6 weeks. Prior to serotonin injections (2 mg/ml, 50 micro l), 10 micro l of test substances was applied to a circular area 18 mm in diameter. The four substances were salicylic acid, butyl salicylate, diethylamine salicylate and salicylamide, all solubilized in dimethyl isosorbide to a concentration of 5% w/w. Diethylamine salicylate and salicylamide were previously shown to be slowly absorbed through rat skin in contrast to salicylic acid and butyl salicylate. After serotonin injections, scratching was monitored by video recording for 1.5 h. Compared with the vehicle, a lower number of scratch sequences were seen when diethylamine salicylate (P < 0.001) and salicylamide (P = 0.005) had been applied. The numbers of scratch sequences were lower with diethylamine salicylate and salicylamide than with the vehicle throughout the 1.5-h study period. We conclude that topical application of diethylamine salicylate and salicylamide could suppress serotonin-induced scratching in rats. The antipruritic effect seems to be related to the slow drug release of the two substances. The results may be clinically relevant as serotonin induces itch in humans.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1999

Effects of salicylic acid derivatives on red blood cell membranes.

Salicylamide, sodium salicylate and acetylsalicylic acid are salicylic acid derivates. They differ in their substitution on the benzene ring and may have different effects on membranes. Red blood cells were used as a prototypical cellular system regarding drug mediated plasma bilayer effects. Established photometric methods sensing tiny changes of red blood cell morphology at rest (red blood cell shape) and at very low shear forces (red blood cell stiffness, red blood cell relaxation time) were applied. The derivative induced effects were detected in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Salicylamide induced a most pronounced echinocytic shape at 5 mM. The shape effect was smaller above as well as below 5 mM. Sodium salicylate induced echinocytes with increasing concentrations showing a saturation above 10 mM. In contrast, the shape was not affected by acetylsalicylic acid. All shape changes occurred within 2 min, and were reversible. The above tendencies were in parallel to a slight red blood cell stiffening. The relaxation time continuously increased with increasing concentrations in both salicylamide and sodium salicylate, with salicylamide always acting stronger. Acetylsalicylic acid again showed no effect. We hypothesize that the observed effects of sodium salicylate and salicylamide are due to their phenolic character mediating a molecular hydrophobicity. According to the bilayer couple hypothesis this would lead to an insertion into the red blood cells outer plasma bilayer leaflet. The extension induced here would cause a positive membrane bending leading to echinocytic shapes and the observed loss of red blood cell fluidity. In contrast, the hydrophilic aspirin would penetrate and thus not affect the red blood cell plasma membrane.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1975

Effect of portacaval shunt on the disposition of drugs with and without first-pass effect.

The pharmacokinetic parameters of lidocaine, antipyrine and salicylamide were studied in dogs before and after construction of a portacaval shunt. The systemic availability of antipyrine was not altered significantly by the surgical procedure whereas the availability of lidocaine and salicylamide, drugs with a marked first-pass effect, was increased from 14.8 +/- 2.8 to 81.3 +/- 5.2% and from 21.8 +/- 7.8 to 57.5 +/- 2.5%, respectively. Of the 78% first-pass extraction of salicylamide, 36% is due to hepatic extraction whereas the remaining 42% is accounted for by intestinal wall extraction. The presence of a portacaval shunt also reduced the plasma clearance of lidocaine and antipyrine, but not salicylamide. The apparent volume of distribution was decreased only with salicylamide. Surgical construction of a portacaval shunt in dogs in a good model to evaluate first-pass effect. Physicians should adjust downward the dose of drugs with a first-pass effect. Physicians should adjust downward the dose of drugs with a first-pass effect in patients with a surgical portacaval shunt or endogenous portal systemic shunts such as seen in cirrhosis of the liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Pharmacokinetics of the analgesic o-carbamoylphenoxyacetic acid.

The pharmacokinetics of o-carbamoylphenoxyacetic acid was studied in 9 male healthy subjects following a single i.m. administration of 1000 mg of this compound in form of its sodium salt. Venous blood specimens were drawn up to the 10th h p.a. and the plasma concentration of o-carbamoylphenoxyacetic acid and its metabolite salicylamide were determined using a specific HPLC-assay. Following injection, o-carbamoylphenoxyacetic acid was rapidly distributed in the body since the maximal plasma concentration occurred within 0.37 +/- 0.08 h and was determined with 23.5 +/- 7.51 micrograms/ml in mean. In the following, the plasma concentration declined rapidly as well according to the mean terminal elimination half-life of 0.93 +/- 0.23 h. By contrast, plasma concentration of the metabolite salicylamide was comparatively low. Mean maximal plasma concentration amounted to only 0.18 +/- 0.03 microgram/ml and the peak concentration occurred 1.08 +/- 0.43 h after injection. The mean of the individual areas under the plasma concentration time profiles AUC(O-t) was 30.2 +/- 3.96 micrograms x h/ml for the parent compound and 0.69 +/- 0.14 microgram x h/ml for the metabolite. The relative mass portion of salicylamide vs o-carbamoylphenoxyacetic acid in systemic circulation was estimated with 0.008 comparing mean Cmax and with 0.023 comparing the mean areas AUC(O-t). A possible interpretation of these findings might be that a relatively stable ether bond exists in o-carbamoylphenoxyacetic acid which has to be cleaved during the formation of salicylamide. Due to the moderate rate of metabolic conversion, only minor quantities of salicylamide appeared in the systemic circulation. Furthermore, its peak concentration occurred at a time 2-3 times later than that of the parent compound.

Adult↗