Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Reproductive Control Agents”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Effect of hormonal contraception on the course of lupus nephropathy].

Influence of oral contraceptive therapy on SLE activity was evaluated in 33 female patients with lupus nephropathy. Estroprogestative preparations containing either 50 micrograms (18 cases) or 30 micrograms (11 cases) of ethinylestradiol were used in 29 courses in 28 patients. Onset or exacerbation of clinical SLE activity occurred within 3 months after starting hormonal therapy in 13 cases, an overall incidence of lupus flare-up of 44 percent, involving major renal histological lesions in 5 cases. In contrast, of 16 patients receiving pure progestogen contraceptive therapy with either discontinuous normal dosage progestogens (9 cases) or continuous low-dose norsteroids (7 cases), only one developed clinical or immunological evidence of lupus exacerbation within 3 months of hormonal therapy. We conclude that oral contraceptive therapy using estrogens, even at low dosage, is associated with a high risk of SLE exacerbation. Pure progestogens, which have proven effective and devoid of such unfavorable effects, should be preferred in these patients when hormonal contraception is needed.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed1982

The influence of oral contraceptives on the metabolism of methaqualone in man.

1 Oral contraceptives were shown to suppress the mid-cycle increase in methaqualone metabolism observed in premenopausal women not receiving oral contraceptive therapy. No women were identified in whom this suppression was not observed. 2 Combined oestrogen-progestogen contraceptives produced the effect in all nine women studied. The effect was also observed in one woman who was receiving progestogen-only contraceptives. 3 The effect of the combined contraceptives was observed within one month of the commencement of the contraceptive therapy. 4 The results emphasise the need to monitor the effect of the menstrual cycle in women not receiving oral contraceptive therapy when the effects of such therapy is studied. 5 These effects are more likely to be the consequence of an inhibition of hormonal control of hepatic metabolic activity by the synthetic steroids than they are to simple inhibition of hepatic metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Impairment of prednisolone disposition in women taking oral contraceptives or conjugated estrogens.

Companion studies were designed to determine the effects of oral contraceptives and conjugated estrogens on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone. Twenty-four normal women entered the studies, including six young women taking oral contraceptives and six age-matched control women, and six postmenopausal women receiving conjugated estrogens and six age-matched postmenopausal women. All received 0.53 mg/kg prednisolone phosphate, iv. Significant decreases (P less than 0.05) in the clearance and volume of distribution and significant increases in the half-life were found for both total and unbound prednisolone in the women taking oral contraceptives compared to values in the young control women. A significant decrease in the unbound clearance and increases in the total and unbound half-lives of prednisolone were found in the women receiving conjugated estrogens compared to values in the postmenopausal control women. Total clearance and volume of distribution were unchanged by conjugated estrogen therapy. Administration of prednisolone to women receiving estrogen-containing oral contraceptives or conjugated estrogens results in exposure of these women to increased concentrations of unbound prednisolone for increased periods of time. Increases in the pharmacological and toxic effects of prednisolone might be expected in these women.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

An increase in high-molecular weight renin substrate associated with estrogenic hypertension.

We have previously reported that estrogens have the potential to induce new forms of renin substrate in addition to elevating the major circulating form of this protein. One of these estrogen-induced forms had a molecular weight in excess of 150,000. In this study we have compared the plasma concentration of the high-molecular-weight renin substrate in normotensive women receiving estrogen therapy and women with estrogenic hypertension. A statistically significant elevation of this protein was associated with estrogenic hypertension and normotensive pregnant women at term. This form of renin substrate differed from the major form with respect to electrophoretic mobility, isoelectric point, and immunologic cross-reactivity. In addition, kinetic analysis indicated that this high-molecular-weight substrate has a significantly higher affinity for the enzyme renin than the major circulating form (Km = 1800 +/- 290 versus 3520 +/- 260 ng angiotensin I equivalents/ml). These results suggest that in addition to renin substrate concentration, substrate composition may play an important role in blood pressure regulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of two oral contraceptive combinations, 0.125 mg desogestrel + 0.050 mg ethinylestradiol and 0.125 mg levonorgestrel + 0.050 mg ethinylestradiol on the adrenal function of healthy female volunteers.

The effects of the oral contraceptive combinations of 0.125 mg desogestrel + 0.050 mg ethinylestradiol (EE), and of 0.125 mg levonorgestrel + 0.050 mg EE on serum cortisol and the urinary excretion of 17-oxogenic steroids and free cortisol were studied in 16 healthy females. Adrenal responsiveness was studied by the metyrapone test. Both contraceptive combinations increased (P less than 0.001) serum cortisol concentrations but the rhythmic fluctuation at different times of the day remained unchanged. The urinary excretion of 17-oxogenic steroids was lower (P less than 0.01) during treatment than before or after treatment with both contraceptive combinations. The metyrapone test showed normal adrenal responsiveness during the treatment cycles. The urinary excretion of free cortisol was unchanged when desogestrel + EE was used, but increased (P less than 0.01) during treatment with levonorgestrel + EE. However, even then, the urinary free cortisol was within the normal range of the population. All the test results of hormone determinations normalized soon after finishing the contraceptive treatments. It is suggested that the abnormalities seen were due to an increased serum binding capacity of cortisol induced by EE and not a sign of pathological changes in adrenal function. No major differences in the biological effects of the two combinations tested were seen.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1986

The effect of age, weight-related parameters and hormonal contraceptives on andrological assays.

Serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), T/SHBG ratio and the calculated free T were evaluated in healthy female blood donors. The influence of age and weight-related parameters were studied together with the effects of 9 different oral contraceptives. A gradual decrease with age of DHEA-S, T, T/SHBG and free T levels were observed. The Quetelet index showed a significant negative correlation with the androgen levels except for the T/SHBG ratio. In the females using contraceptives, DHEA-S levels were only significantly decreased in the group using Depo-provera. Most contraceptive users had slightly lowered T levels. Marvelon and Ministat induced an increase in the SHBG levels. Androstenedione (A) levels were studied for some of the contraceptives (Ministat, Marvelon, Lyndiol, Depoprovera); levels were found to be significantly lower than in normal premenopausal women. A highly significant correlation was demonstrated between DHEA-S and the T, T/SHBG and free T levels in the serum of 106 normal women.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Clomiphene citrate therapy for luteal phase defect.

The incidence of luteal phase defects in 366 infertility patients was 12.7%. Life-table analysis was used for determination of the conception rate with clomiphene citrate therapy, and with this method, evidence was found for the presence of two subgroups with respect to response. The crude conception rate was 40.9%. In a group of patients with a luteal phase defect and no other infertility factors, those that conceived had a significantly larger mean biopsy delay than those who did not (6.28 days versus 4.32; P less than 0.02). In a group with a histologic delay of 5 days or more, the conception rate was 79%, while the rate was only 8.9% in those with a less severe deficit (P less than 0.001). Theoretic considerations for clomiphene citrate therapy are discussed.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1983

Study on the presence of abnormal proteins in the serum of oral contraceptive users.

Beaumont reported that current and former oral contraceptive users and subjects with thromboembolic disease characteristically demonstrate elevated amounts of precipitated proteins, designated as "globulines anormalement precipitables (GAP)," following treatment of their sera with 25% saturated ammonium sulfate. In the present study, the reproducibility of Beaumont's methods and results was investigated in groups of women consisting of never users, current users, former users, and thrombosis subjects. The current users had the lowest serum GAP levels and no bimodal distribution. Values were higher for the never users and former users and highest in the thrombosis group. Race affected serum GAP values; mean values for blacks were significantly higher than for Caucasians. This study does not support Beaumont's earlier findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Alveolitis sicca dolorosa after removal of impacted mandibular third molars.

The aim of the investigation was to study the occurrence of alveolitis and other side effects in women taking oral contraceptives after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Reactions to surgical removal of 156 bilateral third molars were examined in 78 patients. The material was divided into 2 groups. In 1 group, the patients took oral contraceptives of the combined type and in the other group the patients took no contraceptives. Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups: (1) removal of a molar during menstruation; and (2) removal of the contralateral molar in the same patient at the middle of the menstrual cycle. The results showed significantly more alveolitis in the group taking oral contraceptives and in women who were operated on during menstruation. These findings would suggest that oral surgery involving fertile women should be undertaken during periods free from oral contraceptives and menstruation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The effects of clomiphene citrate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in anorexia nervosa.

Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) responses to a course of clomiphene citrate were studied in eleven patients with anorexia nervosa at different stages of the illness. In malnourished patients basal levels of LH were invariably low. With the resumption of a normal weight a small but definite rise in LH levels was observed but this spontaneous response to weight gain was variable in that many patients continued to exhibit abnormally low LH levels. The response to clomiphene in terms of a rise in basal LH levels after administration of the drug, followed by a second peak of LH and subsequent menstrual bleeding, was clearly dependent in part on the patient's nutritional state. In the malnourished state the response to clomiphene was usually either absent or incomplete. After the resumption of a more normal weight, the patients invariably showed an initial rise in LH after the clomiphene, but the second LH peak and subsequent menstruation were frequently not demonstrated. Six patients maintained a normal body weight for at least six months after a course of clomiphene, but only three of them resumed cyclical menstrual bleeding. It was concluded that factors additional to the nutritional state contribute to the prolonged amenorrhoea in anorexia nervosa and that clomiphene appears to have only a limited role in the treatment and management of patients with the disorder. Some aspects of current knowledge of the endocrine mechanisms that regulate normal menstruation and of the mode of action of clomiphene are outlined. The results of the present study are discussed against this background in an attempt to elucidate further the hypothalamic disorder underlying the amenorrhoea in anorexia nervosa.

Adolescent↗