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Results for “RESPIRATORY DISEASES”

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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical and pathological findings in young Georgia broiler chickens with oculofacial respiratory disease ("so-called swollen heads").

Chickens with swollen heads generally are said to have swollen head syndrome. In this retrospective study, 16 accessions of young chickens during 1992 had "swollen heads." Clinical signs and lesions were accompanied by infection with multiple viruses, bacteria, and Cryptosporidium baileyi. The fact that almost half of the cases of chickens with swollen heads occurred in one broiler-producing company and predictably within 14 days post-vaccination suggests that management factors might be instrumental in inducing the incidence of swollen heads.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Analysis of lung function in children with respiratory diseases and its clinical application].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical application of lung function analysis in diagnosis of children respiratory diseases. METHODS: Respiratory function was evaluated with portable lung function detector in 6 261 children with respiratory diseases. FEV1, FVC and PEFR were measured in 268 children with cough variant asthma (CVA) and 147 children with asthma (AS), and the results were self-compared during follow-up. RESULT: There were no significant differences in above parameters between children with cough variant asthma and those with asthma (P>0.05). Lung functions of asthma children were improved evidently by administration of glycocorticoid inhalator (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Lung function detection is essential for diagnosis of asthma and it can be used as a reliable index for therapeutic effect of asthma children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The effectiveness of coordinated care for people with chronic respiratory disease.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of coordinated care for chronic respiratory disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: Community-based geographical control study, in western (intervention) and northern (comparison) metropolitan Adelaide (SA). PARTICIPANTS: 377 adults (223 intervention; 154 comparison) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma or other chronic respiratory condition, July 1997 to December 1999. INTERVENTION: Coordinated care (includes care coordinator, care guidelines, service coordinator and care mentor). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hospital admissions (any, unplanned and respiratory), functionality (activities of daily living) and quality of life (SF-36 and Dartmouth COOP). RESULTS: At entry to the study, intervention and comparison subjects were dissimilar. The intervention group was 10 years older (P < 0.001), less likely to smoke (P = 0.014), had higher rates of hospitalisation in the previous 12 months (P < 0.001) and had worse self-reported quality of life (SF-36 physical component summary score [P < 0.001] and four of nine COOP domains [P = 0.002-0.013]). After adjustment for relevant baseline characteristics, coordinated care was not associated with any difference in hospitalisation, but was associated with some improvements in quality of life (SF-36 mental component summary score [P = 0.023] and three of nine COOP domains [P = 0.008-0.031]) compared with the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS: Coordinated care given to patients with chronic respiratory disease did not affect hospitalisation, but it was associated with an improvement in some quality-of-life measures.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Preventative programs for respiratory disease in cow/calf operations.

Control of respiratory disease in cow/calf operations presents many challenges. The incidence of disease in the suckling calf is not well documented and the logistics of handling range animals make control programs difficult to implement. Health programs have to be built around normal working patterns, and these patterns may not provide the best "fit" for immune management of the calf. Weaned calves undergo significant disease challenge when they enter typical marketing channels. This provides the potential for high levels of calf morbidity, mortality, medicine costs, and losses from decreased performance as they arrive at a stocker operation or feedyard. If preweaning calf health and preconditioning programs are used, they must be planned so that the producer has an opportunity to obtain a return on their investment. Options for increasing calf weight marketed, certified calf health sales, or retained ownership through the next phase of production should be evaluated carefully. Any potential increase in calf value must be weighed against program costs. This affords the veterinarian an opportunity to build on traditional disease management and prevention skills and expand their influence in overall ranch management.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[1998 Quebec Social and Health Survey: determinants of chronic respiratory diseases].

In the course of the "1998 Health and Social Survey", questions were included to verify the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases and also of wheezing. The objectives of this study were 1) to verify the prevalence of wheezing and its validity as an indicator of chronic respiratory diseases in Québec; and 2) to examine the relationship between chronic respiratory diseases and some of their potential determinants. A total of 30,386 individuals participated in the study. For all ages, the prevalence of wheezing was 5.4%. It was associated with asthma, allergies, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. A low familial income and tobacco smoking were associated with wheezing, asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Passive smoking was associated with wheezing whereas the presence of carpets was associated with wheezing and asthma. Between 32 and 48% of families with an asthmatic or an allergic member modified their dwelling to alleviate respiratory problems. The prevalence of wheezing documented here was lower than in anglosaxon countries. This result could be explained by a cultural factor (the French translation or the perception of wheezing). This study emphasizes the role of reducing tobacco smoking in the prevention of chronic respiratory diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Air pollution and respiratory diseases among children in the city of Curitiba, Brazil].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of air pollution levels on respiratory morbidity among children from 1999 to 2000. METHODS: Daily records of health center attendance due to respiratory diseases among children were obtained from the public health system in Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil. Daily levels of particulate matter (PM10), smoke, NO2 and O3 were obtained from both Paraná State Environmental Institute and the Development Technology Institute, a non-governmental agency. Daily measurements of temperature and relative humidity were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology. Generalized additive Poisson regression models were used to assess the relationship between respiratory diseases and air pollution, controlling for long-term seasonality using loess (a non-parametric smoothing function), weather and weekdays. A significance level of 5% was adopted in all the analyses. RESULTS: All pollutants presented an effect on respiratory diseases among children. An increase of 40.4 mg/m3 in the 3-day moving average of smoke was associated with an increase of 4.5% (95% CI: 1.5-7.6) in the attendance of children with respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that air pollution promotes adverse effects on children's respiratory health even when pollutant levels are lower than the air quality standards.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Association between respiratory disease and bacterial and viral infections in British racehorses.

Respiratory disease is important in horses, particularly in young Thoroughbred racehorses, and inflammation that is detected in the trachea and bronchi (termed inflammatory airway disease [IAD]) is more significant in this population in terms of impact and frequency than other presentations of respiratory disease. IAD, which is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, mild clinical signs, and accumulation of mucus in the trachea, may be multifactorial, possibly involving infections and environmental and immunological factors, and its etiology remains unclear. This 3-year longitudinal study of young Thoroughbred racehorses was undertaken to characterize the associations of IAD and nasal discharge with viral and bacterial infections. IAD was statistically associated with tracheal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (capsule type 3), Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Actinobacillus spp., and Mycoplasma equirhinis and equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 infections, after adjustment for variation between training yards, seasons, and age groups. The association with S. pneumoniae and S. zooepidemicus was independent of prior viral infection and, critically, was dependent on the numbers of organisms isolated. S. pneumoniae was significant only in horses that were 2 years old or younger. The prevalence and incidence of IAD, S. zooepidemicus, and S. pneumoniae decreased in parallel with age, consistent with increased disease resistance, perhaps by the acquisition of immunity. The study provided evidence for S. zooepidemicus and S. pneumoniae playing an important etiological role in the pathogenesis of IAD in young horses.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Intranasal ketorolac challenge for the diagnosis of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

BACKGROUND: Intranasal administration of aspirin-lysine has been used in Europe for the diagnosis of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. It has a low adverse effect profile and is believed to be safer for asthmatic patients, particularly those with a low baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 second, in whom oral aspirin challenge would be contraindicated. Ketorolac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug useful for severe pain, is available in the United States in parenteral form. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether ketorolac nasal challenge has acceptable specificity and sensitivity for diagnosing aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with suspected aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease were challenged with nasal ketorolac before oral challenge and desensitization with aspirin. Symptoms, objective changes in nasal examination findings, and peak nasal inspiratory flow values were recorded. Nasal lavage fluid for cysteinyl leukotriene analysis was collected. Ketorolac doses of 2.1, 5.2, or 7.8 mg were administered and compared with the results of oral aspirin challenge. RESULTS: Eighteen patients had a positive challenge reaction to oral aspirin. Ketorolac nasal inhalation had a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 64%. Patients in the reactor group had significantly higher levels of cysteinyl leukotrienes after ketorolac challenge than in the nonreactor group. Mild bronchospasm occurred in 3 patients, and 2 of these occurred at higher starting doses of ketorolac. CONCLUSIONS: Nasal ketorolac administration is a reasonably accurate and safe method for diagnosing aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Respiratory diseases among U.S. military personnel: countering emerging threats.

Emerging respiratory disease agents, increased antibiotic resistance, and the loss of effective vaccines threaten to increase the incidence of respiratory disease in military personnel. We examine six respiratory pathogens (adenoviruses, influenza viruses, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis) and review the impact of the diseases they cause, past efforts to control these diseases in U.S. military personnel, as well as current treatment and surveillance strategies, limitations in diagnostic testing, and vaccine needs.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed2006

Failure to maintain an aspirin-desensitized state in a patient with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease.

BACKGROUND: Aspirin desensitization is a useful therapy in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical course of a man with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease who was unable to be desensitized to oral aspirin. METHODS: A standard aspirin desensitization protocol was used to achieve a maximum dose of 650 mg of oral aspirin. The patient initially tolerated this dose of aspirin. RESULTS: Within days of desensitization, the patient began to react to 650 mg of aspirin. Monitored challenge with this dose of aspirin led to marked decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second and pronounced nasal and ocular symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: We present a patient with classic aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, who despite undergoing a standard aspirin desensitization protocol was unable to maintain his desensitized state.

Administration, Oral↗