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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Retrograde intrabiliary injection of amphipathic materials causes phospholipid secretion into bile. Taurocholate causes phosphatidylcholine secretion, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-propane-1-sulphonate (CHAPS) causes mixed phospholipid secretion.

The control of biliary phospholipid and cholesterol secretions by bile acid was studied by using the technique of retrograde intrabiliary injection. Taurocholate (TC), a moderately hydrophobic bile acid, taurodehydrocholate (TDHC), a hydrophilic non-micelle-forming bile acid, and 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]propane-1-sulphonate (CHAPS), a detergent, were individually administered by retrograde intrabiliary injection (RII) into the biliary tree, and bile acids, phospholipids and cholesterol subsequently appearing in the bile were measured. TC (1.3 mumol; 45 microliters) injected retrogradely provoked a 3.5-fold increase in biliary phospholipid output for 40 min, as compared with the saline control. Injection of 2.7 mumol of TC (90 microliters) caused a 7.5-fold increase in phospholipid output, which reached a peak at 12 min after RII, and phospholipid output continued for 40 min. Cholesterol output was also elicited under these conditions, showing both dose-dependency and extended secretion. Injection of 1.8 mumol of TDHC caused very little increase in either biliary phospholipid or cholesterol. Injection of 0.9 mumol of CHAPS (45 microliters) provoked a single substantial peak of phospholipid output in the 3 min bile sample. T.l.c. analysis of the phospholipid extracts of the bile collected after each compound showed, for TC, a single compound which co-migrated with the phosphatidylcholine standard, whereas for CHAPS substantial amounts of other phospholipids were present.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Modifications of plasma post-heparin lipolytic activity and tissue lipoprotein lipase activity induced in the rat by acute administration of ethanol or propan-2-ol.

1. The oral administration of propan-2-ol [isopropanol; 100 mmol (6 g)/kg body weight] or ethanol [130 mmol (6 g)/kg body weight] to starved rats produced no change in plasma post-heparin lipase activity (PHLA) compared with that observed in 154 mmol/1 sodium chloride (saline)-treated rats. 2. An increase of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LLA) and a decrease of heart LLA occurred in isopropanol-treated animals, whereas no significant changes were found in these activities after ethanol administration. 3. Since administration of isopropanol produces hyperglycaemia, observations were also made in rats receiving glucose infusion rather than saline. In these animals a rise in PHLA and adipose tissue LLA, and a fall in heart LLA, occurred. 4. It is suggested that the changes in tissue LLA produced by isopropanol are mediated by the rise in blood glucose.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed2004

Vibrational relaxation in methyl hydrocarbons at high temperatures: propane, isobutene, isobutane, neopentane, and toluene.

Vibrational relaxation has been seen in shock waves in propane, isobutene, isobutane, neopentane, and toluene dilute in krypton with the laser-schlieren technique. These experiments cover about 600-2200 K and post-shock pressures from 5 to 29 Torr. The process cannot be resolved in any for T<600 K, or in any for large molecule fraction. All the ultrasonic measurements of relaxation in these at room temperature show characteristic times in the 1-5 ns atm range, corresponding to fewer than five collisions, whereas the relaxation times in the shock waves range from 20 to 200 ns atm, with a clearly defined negative or "inverted" temperature dependence. It would seem the observed slowdown of relaxation with increasing T is simply a consequence of the much increased energy transfer required at high temperature in such large polyatomics when this is combined with a collision efficiency, here interpreted as down, already so large it cannot much increase. The simple method for the extraction of a down from relaxation data offered here by consideration of the energy relaxation equation for Evib=0 appears to be original and should prove quite useful in connecting thermal relaxation data to values obtained from spectroscopy and master-equation analyses. Here it is found that the derived down extrapolate well to room temperature ultrasonic measurements, showing a slight increase with temperature.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Antimycotic activity of propane-1,2-diol (propylene glycol).

Propane-1,2-diol in concentrations of 30-90 g/l was found to inhibit in vitro the growth of Pityrosporum orbiculare, Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, and Epidermophyton floccosum. These results are discussed in relation to the management of fungal skin diseases.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1984

Amelioration of ischaemic cerebral oedema by a free radical scavenger, AVS: 1,2-bis(nicotinamido)-propane. An experimental study using a regional ischaemia model in cats.

The effect of a free radical scavenger, AVS: 1,2-bis(nicotinamido)-propane, on the blood flow, oedema, and energy metabolites in the cortical area rendered ischaemic by the occlusion of the middle and the internal cerebral arteries was studied using cats. The development of cortical oedema was assessed by the changes in the specific gravity as well as the water and electrolyte contents of the cortical samples obtained 4 h after the arterial occlusion. Compared to the control group receiving saline, the AVS group exhibited a significant amelioration of cortical oedema, whereas no effect of AVS on the cortical blood flow was observed. The decrease of the energy charge and the increase of lactate in the ischaemic cortical area were less pronounced in the AVS groups. These data indicate that AVS possesses an action to mitigate the development of cortical oedema following regional ischaemia. The possible mechanism of action of AVS is discussed in reference to the free radical hypothesis.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Occurrence of 3-chloro-propane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and related compounds in foods: a review.

A critical review of the occurrence of 3-chloro-propane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in foods not known to contain hydrolysed vegetable proteins is presented. The review covers the properties and chemistry of 3-MCPD and the current methods of analysis in foodstuffs. The results of UK surveys of 3-MCPD occurrence in both retail foods and commercial food ingredients are discussed with particular reference to cereal, meat and dairy products. The possible mechanisms for the formation and decay of 3-MCPD in foods are suggested. The review does not cover the detailed toxicology of 3-MCPD and its occurrence in hydrolysed vegetable proteins, which have been considered elsewhere, nor possible issues such as in-vivo formation.

Edible Grain↗
PubMed2003

The ozone formation potential of 1-bromo-propane.

1-Bromo-propane (1-BP) is a replacement for high-end chlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) solvents. Its reaction rate constant with the OH radical is, on a weight basis, significantly less than that of ethane. However, the overall smog formation chemistry of 1-BP appears to be very unusual compared with typical volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and relatively complex because of the presence of bromine. In smog chamber experiments, 1-BP initially shows a faster ozone build-up than what would be expected from ethane, but the secondary products containing bromine tend to destroy ozone such that 1-BP can have a net overall negative reactivity. Alternative sets of reactions are offered to explain this unusual behavior. Follow-up studies are suggested to resolve the chemistry. Using one set of bromine-related reactions in a photochemical grid model shows that 1-BP would be less reactive toward peak ozone formation than ethane with a trend toward even lower ozone impacts in the future.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2004

Application of water-soluble radical initiator, 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride, to a study of oxidative stress.

It is essential to generate free radicals at a controled and constant rate for specific duration and at specific site to study the dynamics of oxidation and also antioxidation. Both hydrophilic and lipophilic azo compounds have been used for such purpose. In the present work, the action of 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH) was examined and compared with those of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and 2,2'-azobis[2-methyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-propionamide] (AMHP). The rate constant of free radical formation (ek(d)) for AIPH was 2.6 x 10(-6)/s at 37 degrees C in PBS (pH 7.4) solution, indicating that AIPH gives 3.8 times more free radicals than AAPH under the same conditions. It was found that the dynamics of oxidation and antioxidation induced by AIPH can be studied satisfactorily in the oxidation in micelles, LDL and erythrocyte suspensions, plasma, and cultured cells. The extent of cell death induced by AIPH and AAPH was directly proportional to the total free radicals formed. Interestingly, it was found that rats would not drink water containing AAPH, but they drank water containing AIPH. The levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-isoPs), 7-hydroxycholesterol (FCOH), lysophosphatidylcholine in the plasma of rats given water containing 50 mM AIPH for 1 month increased compared with those of control rats which drank water without AIPH. It may be concluded that AIPH is useful for kinetic and mechanistic studies on oxidative stress to membranes, lipoproteins, cells, and even animal models.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Real-time trace gas sensing of ethylene, propanal and acetaldehyde from human skin in vivo.

Trace gases emitted by human skin in vivo are monitored non-invasively and in real time using laser-based photoacoustic detection and proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry. A small quartz cuvette is placed on the skin to create a headspace from which a carrier gas transports the skin emissions to the detection systems. The transparency of quartz to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) allows investigation of UVR-related trace gas emissions. As a demonstration of this measurement system, the effect of supplemental intake of systemic antioxidants on UVR-induced lipid peroxidation is investigated. The production by the skin of three biomarkers of UVR-induced lipid peroxidation (ethylene, acetaldehyde and propanal) is monitored. Although no significant effect of antioxidant intake was observed, the method presented here is a novel and promising technique for investigation of human skin in vivo.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of (1R,2R)-1-(5'-methylfur-3'-yl)propane-1,2,3-triol, a sphydrofuran derivative isolated from a Streptomyces species, as an anti-herpesvirus drug.

(1R,2R)-1-(5'-Methylfur-3'-yl)propane-1,2,3-triol (MFPT), a stable anhydro derivative of sphydrofuran, was obtained from the culture broth of STREPTOMYCES: sp. strain FV60 as an inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The compound showed antiherpetic activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 1.2 IM in an in vitro assay system. Although the binding of virus to host cells was not inhibited, the penetration of virus into cells was moderately blocked by MFPT. Some of the viruses, once they had penetrated cells, failed to form plaques in the presence of MFPT. When added to the late stages of HSV-1 replication, MFPT also inhibited virus production. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of isotope-labelled HSV-specific proteins revealed that a protein or proteins with reduced molecular weight (about 120 kDa) was clearly detected in cells treated with MFPT. Western blot analysis with antibodies against three HSV-specific glycoproteins (gB, gC and gD) showed a significant difference in gC synthesis between untreated and MFPT-treated cells. Release of progeny viruses was suppressed by MFPT. Syncytium formation by HSV-1 strain HF was inhibited and small plaques with rounded cells were formed in MFPT-treated cell cultures. When wild-type HSV-1 was serially propagated under the selective pressure of MFPT, resistant virus emerged. MFPT-resistant progeny were accompanied by the formation of plaques with rounded cells. These results, taken together, suggest that MFPT might act by limiting the maturation of HSV-specific glycoproteins, particularly of HSV-1 gC.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1976

The structure and function of acid proteases. V. Comparative studies on the specific inhibition of acid proteases by diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester, 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy) propane and pepstatin.

Comparative studies have been made on the effects of diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester (DAN), 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane (EPNP) and pepstatin on acid proteases, including those from Acrocylindrium sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus saitoi, Mucor pusillus, Paecilomyces varioti, Rhizopus chinensis, and Trametes sanguinea, and also porcine pepsin [EC 3.4.23.1] and calf rennin [EC 3.4.23.4] for comparative purposes. These enzymes were rapidly inactivated at similar rates and in 1:1 stiochiometry by reaction with DAN in the presence of cupric ions. The pH profiles of inactivation of these enzymes were similar and had optima at pH 5.5 to 6. They were also inactivated at similar rates by reaction with EPNP, with concomitant incorporation of nearly 2 EPNP molecules per molecule of enzyme. The pH profiles of inactivation were again similar and maximal inactivation was observed at around pH 3 to 4. Some of the EPNP-inactivated enzymes were treated with DAN and shown still to retain reactivity toward DAN. All these enzymes were inhibited strongly by pepstatin, and the reactions of DAN and EPNP with them were also markedly inhibited by prior treatment with pepstatin. These results indicate that the active sites of these enzymes are quite similar and that they presumably have at least two essential carboxyl groups at the active site in common, one reactive with DAN in the presence of cupric ions and the other reactive with EPNP, as has already been demonstrated for porcine pepsin and calf rennin. Pepstatin appears to bind at least part of the active site of each enzyme in a simmilar manner.

Aminocaproates↗
PubMed1977

Amino acid sequences around 1, 2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane-reactive residues in rhizopus chinensis acid protease: homology with pepsin and rennin.

Two different peptides containing an aspartyl residue reactive with 1, 2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane (EPNP) in the acid protease from Rhizopus chinensis were isolated from a peptic digest of the EPNP-modified enzyme. One of the peptides was sequenced as Asp-Thr-Gly-Ser-Asp. The amino acid sequence had very high homology with those around the EPNP-reactive aspartyl residues in rennin (chymosin) [EC 3.4.23.4] and pepsin [EC 3.4.23.1]. The other peptide contained no methionine residue and gave the sequence: Asp-Thr-Gly-Thr-Thr-Leu. The N-terminal aspartyl residue of each peptide was deduced to be the EPNP-reactive site.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

[1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane]trichlorooxorhenium(V).

Trichlorooxo[1,3-propanediylbis(diphenylphosphine)-P,P ']rhenium(V), [ReCl(3)O(C(27)H(26)P(2))], crystallizes with four formula units per unit cell. The crystal structure consists of neutral complexes of [ReOCl(3)(dppp)] [dppp is 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane] packed by H.pi-ring interactions. The Re atom is octahedrally coordinated to the oxo anion, three Cl atoms and two P atoms from the dppp ligand. The six-membered ring formed by the bidentate dppp ligand and the rhenium metal centre is in a chair conformation. The title compound is an intermediate in the synthesis of bis(dppp) complexes of rhenium.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗
PubMed2001

[Bis(diphenylphosphino)methane][1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane]platinum(II) dibromide.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Pt(C(25)H(22)P(2))(C(27)H(26)P(2))]Br(2) or [Pt(dppm)(dppp)]Br(2), where dppm is bis(diphenylphosphino)methane and dppp is 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, consists of a discrete [Pt(dppm)(dppp)](2+) cation and two Br(-) anions at van der Waals distances. This is the first reported platinum(II) complex containing both dppm and dppp ligands. Noticeable features are that the coordination of platinum by the differing dppm and dppp ligands produces a distorted coordination geometry with differing ligand bite angles (and to a lesser extent bond distances), and that the strain induced by the formation of the four-membered dppm chelate ring has a marked effect upon the bond angles at the P atoms of this ligand.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Catena-poly[[trans-bis(ethane-1,2-diamine-kappa2N,N')copper(II)]-micro-dithionato-kappa2O:O'] and trans-diaquabis(propane-1,3-diamine-kappa2N,N')copper(II) dithionate.

In title anhydrous catena-poly[[trans-bis(ethane-1,2-diamine-kappa(2)N,N')copper(II)]-micro-dithionato-kappa(2)O:O'], [Cu(S(2)O(6))(C(2)H(8)N(2))(2)](n) or [[H(2)N(CH(2))(2)NH(2)](2)Cu(O.O(2)SSO(2).O)]( infinity ), successive Cu atoms are bridged by a single doubly charged dithionate group, forming a one-dimensional polymer with inversion centres at the metal atoms and the mid-point of the S-S bond [Cu-O = 2.5744 (15) A]. In title (hydrated) trans-diaquabis(propane-1,3-diamine-kappa(2)N,N')copper(II) dithionate, [Cu(C(3)H(10)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](S(2)O(6)) or [[H(2)N(CH(2))(3)NH(2)](2)Cu(OH(2))(2)](S(2)O(6)), both ions have imposed 2/m symmetry. The 'axial' anion components are displaced by a pair of water ligands [Cu-O = 2.439 (3) A], the shorter Cu-O distance being compensated by the lengthened Cu-N distance [2.0443 (18), cf. 2.0100 (13) and 2.0122 (16) A].

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

A novel gallium arsenate organically templated by propane-1,3-diyldiammonium with a ULM-3-type open framework: [Ga3(AsO4)3(OH)F]-(C3H12N2) x H2O.

Crystals of the title oxyfluorinated gallium arsenate, viz. tris(arsenato)fluorohydroxotrigallium propane-1,3-diyldiammonium monohydrate, were synthesized hydrothermally at 453 K under autogenous pressure, using 1,3-diaminopropane as the structure-directing agent. The solid crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and its structure was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The structure is similar to that of gallium or aluminium phosphates with the ULM-3 structural type and is built up from a three-dimensional anionic framework composed of corner-linked hexameric Ga3(AsO4)3(OH)F units. The Ga atoms have an octahedral [GaO4(OH)F] or trigonal-bipyramidal [GaO4(OH) and GaO4F] coordination. These units are connected to one another and to the tetrahedral AsO4 groups via OH or F bridges. The three-dimensional framework contains ten-ring channels along [010], crosslinked by eight-ring channels along [110] and [110]. The diprotonated organic species and water molecules reside within the ten-ring channels. The cation is linked to the framework via an N-H...F hydrogen bond. A strong N-H...O hydrogen bond links the cation and the water molecule.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

N,N'-Bis(2-methoxybenzylidene) adducts of ethane-1,2-diamine, propane-1,3-diamine and butane-1,4-diamine.

We have isolated and crystallographically characterized the three homologous compounds N,N'-bis(2-methoxybenzylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine (MeSalen), C18H20N2O2, N,N'-bis(2-methoxybenzylidene)propane-1,3-diamine (MeSalpr), C19H22N2O2, and N,N'-bis(2-methoxybenzylidene)butane-1,4-diamine (MeSalbu), C20H24N2O2. In contrast with MeSalpr, the molecules of MeSalen and MeSalbu, which have an even number of methylene units, have crystallographic -1 symmetry. Comparing these methoxy-substituted species with their hydroxy equivalents shows that the aryl rings rotate upon removal of the O-H.N hydrogen bonds. The packing of MeSalen and MeSalpr is controlled by C-H.pi interactions, whereas that of MeSalbu has only van der Waals contacts.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

pi-Stacked hydrogen-bonded sheets in N,N'-bis(4-nitrobenzylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine and pi-stacked hydrogen-bonded chains in N,N'-bis(4-nitrobenzylidene)propane-1,3-diamine.

Molecules of N,N'-bis(4-nitrobenzylidene)ethane-1,2-diamine, C16H14N4O4, (I), lie across centres of inversion in space group P2(1)/n and are linked into (10-1) sheets by a single C-H...O hydrogen bond [H...O = 2.40 A, C...O = 3.2166 (13) A and C-H...O = 146 degrees ]; these sheets are linked into a three-dimensional array by a single aromatic pi-pi stacking interaction. Molecules of N,N'-bis(4-nitrobenzylidene)propane-1,3-diamine, C17H16N4O4, (II), lie across twofold rotation axes in space group C2/c and are linked into chains of spiro-fused rings by a single C-H...O hydrogen bond [H...O = 2.54 A, C...O = 3.267 (2) A and C-H...O = 130 degrees ]; these chains are linked into sheets by a single aromatic pi-pi stacking interaction.

Journal Article↗