Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Partner Communication”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Comprehension monitoring in preschool children.

This study examined the ability of 2 1/2-4 1/2-years-olds to recognize comprehension difficulties and to implement strategies for resolving them. In the course of a play interaction, an adult female experimenter made a series of requests, some of which were designed to be difficult for the child to understand or to execute. Children's responses to these requests were compared with their responses to control requests that were easy to comprehend and comply with 3-year-olds exhibited appropriate and selective monitoring responses for some kinds of problems but not others, while 4-year-olds displayed discriminative monitoring for all types of problems presented. In contrast to previous experimental findings, these results indicate that young children are capable of detecting a variety of comprehension problems and possess appropriate strategies for resolving these difficulties with a partner in communication.

Child Development↗
PubMed1995

Validating a model developed to predict prenatal care utilization.

BACKGROUND: Many pregnant women in the United States do not obtain adequate prenatal care. While it is essential to provide women with access to prenatal care, access alone is insufficient to guarantee that all women will receive adequate prenatal care. Previous research has identified a number of personal and cultural barriers to prenatal care. We have integrated these barriers into an explanatory model called the Social Pregnancy Interaction Model, the centerpiece of which is the concept of a "social pregnancy identity," as distinct from the physiologic reality of pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to validate the dimensions of this model. METHODS: Based on previous qualitative work, a questionnaire was developed. It was administered by interview to a convenience sample of 287 pregnant women receiving prenatal care in 11 practices in central Missouri. Item analysis and factor analysis were used to define scales and validate the relationships predicted by the model. RESULTS: With some modifications, the following dimensions of the model were confirmed as distinct and significant: awareness of pregnancy, acceptance of pregnancy, self-care, communication with family, communication with partner, social attitudes toward prenatal care, and attitudes toward the health care provider. CONCLUSIONS: The model has potential for predicting the utilization of prenatal care. The results also suggest that a woman's relationship with her prenatal care provider is important to obtaining adequate prenatal care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

HIV-infected women and sexual risk reduction: the relevance of existing models of behavior change.

This article utilizes constructs of the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM) to examine condom use in a sample of 215 HIV-infected women in New Jersey. We find evidence that processes affecting condom use in HIV-infected individuals are similar to those found in HIV-negative individuals. Results suggest that partner-related factors are important to consistent condom use in HIV-infected women. Women are more likely to use condoms consistently if they have high perceived power to influence their partner's condom use, have partners who are HIV seronegative, and have partners who do not want more children. Conflicts with the partner decrease the probability of consistent condom use. Also negatively associated with condom use are the woman's use of drugs and/or alcohol and her belief that condoms reduce sexual enjoyment. Implications of these findings for designing interventions for HIV-infected women are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Psychosocial factors associated with condom use among African-American drug abusers in treatment.

Although strategies for decreasing injection drug use have met with moderate success, efforts to decrease high-risk sexual behaviors have been less successful. Because condom use reduces HIV transmission, it is critically important to identify the attitudinal, emotional, and behavioral factors associated with using condoms. This study evaluated the relationship between condom use and various psychological and behavioral variables among heterosexual, African-American, cocaine-dependent men within the context of the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM). Subjects who used condoms (n = 52) reported significantly higher levels of self-efficacy, condom use skills, and sexual communication with partners than non-users (n = 84). However, the groups did not differ in perceived susceptibility, anxiety concerning HIV transmission, response efficacy, or knowledge regarding HIV. These findings suggest that future interventions focus on enhancing self-efficacy and condom use skills, as well as eroticizing condom use.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive and sexual practices among single women with an unplanned pregnancy: partner influences.

Data from an urban obstetrics clinic on 291 unmarried women with a current unplanned pregnancy show that women with only one partner in the past year are older and are more likely to use the most effective contraceptive methods than are women who have more than one partner. Women with only one partner are also more likely to be solely responsible for decision-making about the choice of contraceptive methods, and are not as likely to use drugs in conjunction with sex. However, women with one partner are also less likely than others to use condoms or to protect in some other way against sexually transmitted diseases or the human immunodeficiency virus.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Educational outcomes in teenage pregnancy and parenting programs: results from a demonstration.

A comparison of five in-school educational and service approaches offered at seven sites in Arizona to 789 pregnant and parenting teenagers shows that except for those who enroll in a program in their third trimester, pregnant and parenting teenagers who attend a comprehensive, school-based, community-linked program are significantly more likely to continue in school than are those who have no access to a special program. The comprehensive program's impact is greatest among Hispanic students, younger students, those in grades 9-10, those who are living with their partner and those who enter the program in the first trimester. Two of the program components--strong outreach efforts and case management-are believed to have an especially favorable impact on continuation in school.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Developmental sophistication among adolescents of negotiation strategies for condom use.

Condoms are an important method of reducing the risk of sexually transmitted disease among sexually active adolescents. This study used a developmental approach to examine the negotiation of condom use. The Interpersonal Negotiation Strategy Interview was administered to adolescents using two vignettes that were focused on the negotiation of "safer sex" behaviors. The sample consisted of 196 girls and 92 boys recruited from their primary care clinic or Job Corps. The mean scores for each problem-solving step were at the subjective, unilateral stage, which indicates that problems are resolved through one-way methods. Current educational strategies and the lack of mutuality in adolescents' sexual relationships influence the level of negotiation skills. Interventions need to be at the appropriate developmental level but also need to encourage progress toward collaborative relationships.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stage of behavior change for condom use: the influence of partner type, relationship and pregnancy factors.

A theoretical model was used to examine the influence of relationship factors, pregnancy intentions, contraceptive behavior and other psychosocial characteristics on stages of behavior change in condom use among heterosexual black women of reproductive age. Data from an inner-city street survey compared women who were not contemplating condom use, women who were attempting to use condoms or had used them consistently for short periods of time, and those who had achieved long-term consistent use. Women's relationship with their main partner appears to be an important factor in understanding their use of condoms both with main partners and with other partners. For condom use with the main partner, factors such as emotional closeness and partner support were significant predictors of the likelihood that women would be attempting to use condoms rather than not contemplating use. Cohabitation and the belief that condom use builds trust were significant predictors of long-term consistent condom use. Having a regular or main partner was strongly associated with intentions to use condoms with other partners. Women who wanted to become pregnant were much less likely to intend to use condoms with their main partner, and women using oral contraceptives were less likely to be long-term consistent condom users.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Individual counseling of patients with sexually transmitted diseases. A way to improve partner notification in a Zambian setting?

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are a major health problem in Zambia. Partner notification, which is a recommended strategy to decrease STD, must be improved. GOAL: To assess whether individual counseling of patients with STD, combined with contact slip(s), had any impact on the proportion of sex partners traced in an urban setting in Zambia. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized trial comprised of 94 women and 302 men with STD. RESULTS: Women and men in the intervention group informed more partners than did those in the control group. In the intervention group, 1.8 partners per man was treated compared to 1.2 in the control group (P < 0.001). There was no difference between the two groups of women. There was a gradual decline from numbers of partners informed to numbers of partners treated according to the patient to number of contact slips filed. CONCLUSIONS: Individual counseling of men with STD improved partner notification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

HIV-related concerns and behaviors among Hispanic women.

Hispanic women whose sexual partners have other sexual partners may be at risk for HIV. A structured interview was administered to 106 Dominican and Puerto Rican women who reported that they knew or suspected that their partner had other partners. A subsample participated in qualitative interviews. The study assessed concern about HIV and predictors of condom use. The majority of women reported that they worried about getting HIV and almost half had been HIV-tested. Most of the women discussed HIV/AIDS concerns with their partners, and one-third reported some condom use. Predictors of condom use were: born in the Dominican Republic/Puerto Rico, having talked with their partner about being tested, and belief that he used condoms with others. Although the women were concerned about HIV, condom use was infrequent. Results suggested methods to address this discrepancy: introducing condoms early in the relationship, developing women-controlled methods, and directly influencing men's behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

AIDS-relevant condom use by gay and bisexual men: the role of person variables and the interpersonal situation.

This study examined the relative ability of selected person variables (interpersonal self-efficacy, self-control, attitudes about the effect of condoms on sex, normative beliefs) and interpersonal-situational variables (partner preference, partner serostatus) to explain gay and bisexual males' (N = 267) condom use during insertive and receptive intercourse. Partner preference accounted for a large amount of variance in condom use by itself and when controlling for the effects of the remaining variables. Exploratory hierarchical regression analyses suggested that the receptive partner's preference influenced condom use decisions to a greater extent than did the insertive partner's. Partner serostatus alone explained little variance in condom use. However, partners serostatus interacted with subject serostatus such that dyads with concordance serostatus (i.e., both partners HIV positive or both HIV negative) used condoms the least, and dyads with discordant serostatus used condoms the most. Results suggest that the interpersonal situation plays an important role in condom use decisions.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Evaluating an AIDS sexual risk reduction program for young adults in public night schools in São Paulo, Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To describe sexual risk for HIV infection among adult night school students in São Paulo, Brazil, and to evaluate the effect of an HIV/AIDS prevention workshop to reduce sexual risk. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted among four demographically similar public night schools in the inner city of São Paulo. Schools were randomized into intervention and control conditions. Of 394 young adults who took part in the baseline survey, 304 (77%) completed a postintervention questionnaire. INTERVENTIONS: In a workshop consisting of four sessions of 3 h each, the students discussed AIDS symbolism, the impact of AIDS on their lives, risk perception, the way in which sexual norms shape knowledge and attitudes, AIDS-related knowledge, reproduction and sexual pleasure, and condom use negotiation. We fostered community-building through AIDS training courses for teachers in the schools, peer support programs and public events. RESULTS: At baseline, 87% had been sexually active at some time and 76% had had sex in the past 6 months. Among those who reported vaginal intercourse and/or anal intercourse, condom use was low. The workshops were positively process-evaluated and supported by the community, the students, their teachers and their parents. We obtained statistically significant effects from the workshops for females only, who reported improved communication with partners about sex and AIDS and less unprotected sex with non-monogamous partners after the intervention. CONCLUSION: These data show that the sexual risk of HIV infection can be lowered when Brazilian disenfranchized communities support AIDS prevention workshops. Even more impressive results may be achieved if the need to address socioeconomic obstacles and gendered sexual roles is emphasized through further long-term community development programs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Young women's degree of control over first intercourse: an exploratory analysis.

CONTEXT: While policymakers and researchers alike often seem to believe that young women's decision to initiate sexual intercourse is conscious and free of ambiguity, the actual degree of control that such young women exert over first intercourse has rarely been explicitly examined. METHODS: The 1995 National Survey of Family Growth asked all women who had experienced intercourse to rate, on a 1-10 scale, the wantedness of their first intercourse; they were then asked whether the experience was voluntary. Logistic regression analysis of data for women aged 15-24 who had experienced first premarital intercourse was performed to test the effect of background factors and wantedness scores on contraceptive use at voluntary first intercourse. RESULTS: Twenty-four percent of women aged 13 or younger at the time of their first premarital intercourse report the experience to have been nonvoluntary, compared with 10% of those aged 19-24 at first premarital intercourse. About one-quarter of respondents who reported their first intercourse as voluntary chose a low value (1-4) on the wantedness scale. Women whose first partner was seven or more years older than themselves were more than twice as likely as those whose first partner was the same age or younger to choose a low value (36% vs. 17%). Women whose partner had been seven or more years older were also less likely than other women to have used contraceptives at first intercourse. After the introduction of controls for demographic and background factors, partner age discrepancy and relationship status, wantedness of voluntary first intercourse was not independently related to the odds of contraceptive use at that intercourse. CONCLUSION: Characterizing women's first intercourse as simply voluntary or nonvoluntary is inadequate. Measures that take into account degrees of wantedness may help elucidate relationships between sexual initiation, contraceptive use and teenage pregnancy. The fact that substantial numbers of young women voluntarily participated in a first sexual experience about which they felt ambivalent or negative deserves the attention of program planners and service providers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Condom use in sexual exchange relationships among young single adults in Ghana.

This article discusses some personal and situational factors which hinder the use of condoms among young single adults ages 18 to 25 years engaged in sexual exchange relationships in a Ghanaian town. Based on focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, this article highlights some key impediments often not adequately discussed in the discourse on condom use but considered vital in any attempt to increase condom use and ultimately reduce HIV transmission. The includes the dilemma facing women who want to use condoms for HIV prevention in premarital sexual exchange relationships (quite different from prostitution) contracted with material gain in mind. Women may face the risk of losing material benefits from sexual exchange relationships if the man is unwilling to use condoms. It is recommended that HIV health educators must increase the involvement of young single adults in exploring these and situational impediments and together design interventions to improve condom use.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Teaching children about health, part II: the effect of an academic-community partnership on medical students' communication skills.

CONTEXT: Partners in Health Education (PHE) is a Dartmouth Medical School elective that pairs first- and second-year medical students with local elementary school classroom teachers to provide health messages to students. The primary aim of the programme is to help medical students improve their communication skills through teaching children about health. Secondary aims are to teach children about health and the prevention of injury and disease and to support community teachers in their health promotion efforts. This report contains the results of the assessment of the programme's impact on the medical students. METHODS: Sixteen first- and second-year medical students comprised the participants for the study. Students were assessed during their first and fourth teaching experiences using a variety of evaluation measures, including student surveys of expectations and perceptions; ratings of performance in the classroom by students, teachers, and classroom observers; coded videotapes of classroom teaching sessions; and performance on a measure of physician-patient communication skills. FINDINGS: Over the course of the teaching experience, medical students' teaching and communication skills increased on a number of measures. DISCUSSION: Programmes such as PHE can provide true service-learning experiences in which all participants benefit. Medical students can learn how to communicate about health, a set of skills they will need to become effective physicians. School children can learn about health, so they are empowered to take charge of their health and to make healthy choices.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Family relationships and depressive symptoms preceding induced abortion.

This study examines the association between depressive symptoms preceding induced abortion and dissatisfaction with family relationships. In a cross-sectional survey, 304 women undergoing a first-trimester abortion completed a short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Family APGAR, and a researcher-designed questionnaire. Bivariate analyses revealed that depressive symptoms decreased as measures of age, educational attainment, Family APGAR scores, marriage, and subjective health increased. Depressive symptoms increased as measures of denial, difficulties communicating with male partners, pregnancy symptoms, contraceptive use, and dissatisfaction with choosing abortion increased. Controlling for the effects of these significant bivariate associations, increased depressive symptoms were independently predicted by Family APGAR scores, age, communications difficulties, pregnancy symptoms, contraceptive use, and denial. Low Family APGAR scores exhibited the strongest overall effect. Clinicians who encounter women experiencing depressive symptoms preceding abortion may wish to explore family relationships and the possibility of underlying family dysfunction.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1997

Determinants of contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Great Britain and Germany. II: Psychological factors.

Psychological determinants of contraceptive use were investigated in Great Britain and Germany, using national data obtained in 1992. It was hypothesised that current contraceptive use among sexually active, fertile women aged 15-45 was related to their attitude towards the various contraceptive methods, social influences, perceptions of being able to use a method correctly and consistently, a correct estimation of fertility, and communication with their partner. Effects of age and country were also taken into account. The attitude of respondents towards the various contraceptive methods was ambivalent and no method was seen as ideal. On medical methods (OCs, IUDs and sterilisation) many respondents expressed doubts as to their safety for health. Social influences most frequently concerned the use of OCs. Respondents considered themselves able to use oral contraceptives correctly, but expressed general fear about intrauterine devices and sterilisation, and many women believed they were not able to use condoms and periodic abstinence consistently. Multifactorial analyses revealed that current contraceptive use was principally determined by social influences, attitude and self-efficacy with respect to medical methods. Age and country, and, for use of unreliable methods, fertility awareness also played a role. Communication with the partner was less relevant. Contraceptive choice (and the use of non-medical methods) depended greatly on encouragement to use and being in favour of medical methods. A lack of social support for use of medical methods and a negative attitude towards them was related to higher use rates of condoms, periodic abstinence, withdrawal and reliance on 'luck'. In the case of withdrawal and/or no method, underestimation of fertility played an additional role. Contraceptive choice appears to be determined more by a general like or dislike of medical methods rather than on a weighing of the merits of individual available methods.

Adolescent↗