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PubMed1991

Ectoparasites from elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) from Wyoming.

Hides of nine elk, collected during the winter of 1986-1987 from the National Elk Refuge, Wyoming (USA) were examined for ectoparasites. Parasites recovered were mites, Psoroptes sp. (five elk); lice, Solenopotes ferrisi and Bovicola (Bovicola) longicornis (seven elk); and winter ticks, Dermacentor albipictus (nine elk). Three elk with severe scabies had an estimated 0.6 x 10(6), 3.8 x 10(6) and 6.5 x 10(6) mites, respectively. Densities of mites were much higher in skin regions with severe dermatitis. Skin lesions on elk with scabies consisted of dense, often moist, scabs extending along the dorsal and lateral thoracic regions of the body. Lesions attributed to winter ticks consisted of broken hair and alopecia on the dorsal portion of the lower neck, often extending in a "collar" around the neck.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Health protocol for translocation of free-ranging elk.

When considering an elk (Cervus elaphus) restoration program, wildlife managers must evaluate the positive and negative elements of translocation. We prepared this protocol to give an overview of health considerations associated with translocation of elk, with an emphasis on movement of free-ranging elk from western North America to the southeastern USA. We evaluated infectious agents and ectoparasites reported in elk from two perspectives. First, we made a qualitative estimate of the ability of the agent to be introduced and to become established. This was done using a selected set of epidemiologic factors. Second, if there was a good possibility that the organism could become established in the release area, the potential pathological consequences for elk and other wildlife, domestic animals, and humans were assessed via examination of the literature and consultation with other animal health specialists. The results of these evaluations were used to classify infectious agents and ectoparasites as low risk (n = 174), unknown risk (n = 10), and high risk (n = 9). We classified Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma ovis, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Pasteurella multocida serotype 3, Elaphostrongylus cervi, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Fascioloides magna, Echinococcus granulosus, Dermacentor albipictus, and Otobius megnini as unknown risks. High risk infectious agents and ectoparasites were the agent of chronic wasting disease, Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium bovis, Dermacentor andersoni, Ixodes pacificus, and Psoroptes sp. Parelaphostrongylus tennis, Elaeophora schneideri, and a Babesia sp. are parasites endemic in the southeastern USA that may present a "reverse risk" and adversely affect elk if released in some parts of the region. We developed a five-component protocol to reduce the risk of introduction of high risk infectious agents and ectoparasites that included: (1) evaluation of the health status of source populations, (2) quarantines, (3) physical examination and diagnostic testing, (4) restrictions on translocation of animals from certain geographic areas or populations, and (5) prophylactic treatment.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed2001

Ivermectin and clorsulon (ivomec super) in treatment of goats naturally infested with scab mites and biting lice.

Five goats naturally infested with Sarcoptes scabiei, Psoroptes ovis and Bovicola caprae were treated with a combination of ivermectin and clorsulon. A subcutaneous injection in a dose of 1 ml/50 kg live weight was given. This provides dose levels of 200 ug ivermectin and 2 mg clorsulon. Four goats were cured from the three ectoparasites within one to two weeks. The last elder goat, which was anaemic and naturally infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis, was still infested with the two scab mites, but was free from B. caprae. A postal dose of 0.5 ml/50 kg live weight was given one week later (=3 weeks after the 1st injection). This goat was cured within a week, but still passed some T. colibriformis eggs. The result was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Two types of scab mites infesting man and sheep in North Sinai.

Man and sheep were examined for scab mites infestations. Two types of mites were recovered, Sarcoptes scabiei and Psoroptes ovis. In sheep, 197 out of 939 (20.98%) were infested with S. scabiei (4.05%) and P. ovis (16.93%). The highly infested sheep were recorded in El Hassanah (28.22%) and the least infested ones were in Al Arish (15.85%). In man, 69 out of 790 (8.7%) were infested with S. scabiei (8.1%) and P. ovis (0.63%). The highly infested patients were recorded in El Hassanah (16.2%) followed by Rafah (11.7%), Bir Al-Abd (7.8%), and the least infested one was recorded in Al Arish (4.3%). In man, infestation was seen on one site in 15 patients (21.7%), on two sites in 32 patients (46.4%) and on more than two sites in 22 patients (31.9%). The highly infested site was the upper limbs followed by the lower limbs. Infestation on the face and ear, genital organs and abdomen were also encountered. Infestation on two sites was predominant on the upper and lower limbs followed by the lower limbs and genital organ. The results indicate that transmission of both scab mites, S. scabiei and P. ovis from sheep to man do occur. Infestation with scab mites was high in shepherds (79.7%) than in non shepherd patients (20.3%). However, man was more susceptible to S. scabiei than to P. ovis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The occurrence of parasitic arthropods in two groups of European bison in the Białowieza primeval forest.

Within 1992-2000, a total of 181 Białowieza Forest bison were examined from two winter herds. Twelf parasitic arthropod species were observed, a high infestation being typical of Demodex bisonianius, Chorioptes bovis, Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, and Bisonicola sedecimdecembrii. The infestation in section 422 herd being higher for B. sedecimdecembrii, I. ricinus, D. reticulatus, Ch. bovis. D. bisonianus was slightly more prevalent in the section 391 herd, the intensity being, however, lower than that in the other herd. Among the remaining arthropods found in the Bialowieza Forest European bison, some Lipoptena cervi occurred in both herds, Demodex sp. and Sarcoptes scabiei were recorded only in the section 422 herd, Ixodes persulcatus was present only in the section 391 bison and those kept in the reservation, while D. bovis, Psoroptes ovis, and Melophagus ovinus were found in the reserve bison only. In the present study, the largest differences in the extent of infestation involved the hair-dwelling arthropods (B. sedecimdecembrii, I. rixinus).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A review of various parasites of rabbits].

The increased interest in breeding and production of rabbits has initiated the present work, in which a review on the occurrence, significance and control of some important parasite infections of the domestic rabbit is given. In wild rabbits parasite diseases often affect single animals, whereas the intensive production of domestic rabbits typically has to deal with parasites as herd problems which in some cases may invalidate the economy of commercial rabbitries. The most important parasite diseases of the domestic rabbit comprise coccidiosis caused by Eimeria-spp. and ear mange caused by Psoroptes cuniculi.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Ivermectin as an antiparasitic agent in cattle.

In experimental trials on cattle, ivermectin given SC at 200 micrograms/kg had 95% or better efficacy against adult and immature GI and pulmonary nematodes, including inhibited fourth-stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi. Studies of efficacy against ectoparasites revealed nearly 100% efficacy against sucking lice, psoroptic and sarcoptic mange mites and cattle grubs. Safety trials revealed no adverse effects with the recommended dosage, including bulls and pregnant cows. A few grub-infested cattle died from acute esophagitis associated with a host-parasite reaction after ivermectin injection.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of phosmet for the control of the common scabies mite on cattle.

Thirty-four young range cattle heavily infested with the common scabies mite, Psoroptes ovis, were dipped in phosmet (O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate S-ester with N-(mercaptomethyl)phthalimide) in 15 trials. All concentrations from 0.15% to 0.25% that were applied once failed in at least one trial, but all concentrations from 0.075% to 0.20% were successful in eradicating mites when used twice at 7- to 10-day intervals. One single dip tried at 0.30% also was successful. Uninfested yearlings were dipped in 0.30% phosmet without apparent intoxication, but 2-year-old cattle treated in a spray-dip machine at 0.40% active ingredient became depressed and stiff gaited.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1981

Diagnosis of ectoparasitism.

A vacuum cleaner fitted with an in-line filter was used to collect samples from suspected cases of ectoparasitic infestation in animals. Filter samples, including hair, were hydrolyzed in hot potassium hydroxide, and the residue was concentrated by flotation in concentrated sugar and then examined under a microscope. The 206 animals examined yielded fleas, flea feces, forage mites, Cheyletiella, Sarcoptes, Chorioptes, Psoroptes, Otodectes, Demodex and Damalinia spp. The sensitivity of this technique in the diagnosis of ectoparasites was better than that of conventional skin scrapings or direct observation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Parasitic arthropods of Bison bonasus from the Białowieza primeval forest].

During the period 1991-1993, 61 bisons from the Białowieza Primaeval Forest were examined. 8 species of ectoparasites were noted: Bovicola sedecimdecembrii, Lipoptena cervi, Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes persulcatus, Chorioptes bovis, Psoroptes ovis, Demodex bisonianus. The most frequent incidence noted was D. bisonianus, prevalence 52%, followed B. sedecimdecembrii--28%, I. ricinus--12% and L. cervi 8%.

Animals↗