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PubMedDate not supplied

Utilization of a short-term male reproductive toxicity study design to examine effects of alpha-chlorohydrin (3-chloro-1,2-propanediol).

alpha-Chlorohydrin (ACH) was administered to rats in a short-term male reproductive toxicity study to examine the usefulness of the method and to provide reference data with a substance that is known to elicit adverse effects on both sperm production and sperm quality within or following a 2-week treatment period. Adult male CD rats (10 per group) were administered ACH orally by gavage at doses of 0, 1, 5, or 25 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Males were killed on Test Day (TD) 15 or 29. A 2-week period without treatment was included to distinguish between testicular and posttesticular effects. At each time point, the reproductive system was evaluated by comparing testes weight, DNA ploidy distributions of testicular cell suspensions, testicular and epididymal histopathology, and epididymal sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and breakage. Beginning on TD 14, males to be killed on TD 29 were cohabited with untreated females (1:2). Females were killed on Gestation Day 13 and examined for pregnancy status. During the treatment period, minor depressions in body weight and relative food consumption occurred in rats administered 25 mg/kg ACH. Testicular and epididymal lesions also occurred at this dose level. DNA ploidy distributions determined by flow cytometry were predictive of testicular damage, with effects more pronounced on TD 29 than on TD 15. The preparation methods used selected for the most motile and vigorous population of epididymal sperm. Sperm motion was altered at the 5- and 25-mg/kg dose levels on TD 15. The percentage of motile sperm and the percentage of progressively motile sperm were markedly depressed at both the 5- and 25-mg/kg dose levels where antifertility effects occurred. Sperm velocities and amplitude of lateral head displacement were depressed at the 25-mg/kg dose level on both TD 15 and 29. Additionally, decreased epididymal sperm concentrations and increased breakage were recorded at this dose level. The findings in this study are consistent with the scientific literature for ACH and demonstrate posttesticular effects on epididymal sperm and delayed expression of testicular lesions. They also support the use of this methodology for an initial assessment of male reproductive effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Resolution of derivatives of 1,2-propanediol with lipase B from Candida antarctica. Effect of substrate structure, medium, water activity and acyl donor on enantiomeric ratio.

The glycerol-related racemic derivatives 1a-15a and 1b-15b have been resolved by hydrolysis and transesterifications using lipase B from Candida antarctica. Influence of substrate structure for the enantiomeric ratio E has been explained on the basis of previous molecular modelling. E values and equilibrium constants Keq have been calculated on the basis of ees and eep measured throughout the reaction, and ping-pong bi-bi mechanism using the computer program E&K calculator. Medium effects have been studied for hydrolysis with organic co-solvents and transesterifications in different solvents with varying water activity, aw. For some substrates addition of 30% acetone to the hydrolysis reaction gave a large increase of E. High water activity gave for some substrates an increase of E, but was unfavourable for the reversibility. However, this did not significantly influence the ee of product fraction. The influence of the alkoxy part of various butanates as acyl donors has been studied with respect to E and Keq. It was generally found that 2-chloroethyl butanate gave higher E than vinyl butanate; however, the latter gave irreversible conditions.

Acylation↗
PubMed2000

Purification and characterization of the 1-3-propanediol dehydrogenase of Clostridium butyricum E5.

1-3 PPD dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.202) was purified to homogeneity from Clostridium butyricum E5 grown anaerobically on glycerol in continuous culture. The native enzyme was estimated by gel filtration to have a molecular weight of 384 200 +/- 31 100 Da; it is predicted to exist as an octamer or a decamer of identical molecular weight subunits. When tested as a dehydrogenase, the enzyme was most active with 1-3 propane diol. In the physiological direction, 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde was the preferred substrate. The apparent K(m) values of the enzyme for 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde and NADH were 0.17 mM and 0.06 mM, respectively. The enzyme requires only Mn(2+) for full activity. The enzyme was found to have properties similar to those reported for Klebsellia pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, and Clostridium pasteurianum.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Lymphatic absorption of 3-phenylamino-1,2-propanediol and its esters.

From oils associated with the toxic syndrome have been isolated 3-phenylamino-1,2-aminophenol (PAP) and diesters with fatty acids in addition to fatty anilides. These substances have been obtained by chemical synthesis and administered orally to rats whose lymphatic canal had previously been cannulated. The lipid fraction of the lymph collected at different time intervals was isolated. Its chromatographic study has confirmed the presence of the mentioned substances, as well as a metabolite of them, demonstrating that these products enter the blood by lymphatic absorption.

Absorption↗