Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PROFESSIONS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Psychosocial and socio-medical problems in the medical profession].

Under conditions of contemporary highly developed medicine and allied disciplines of the new scientific concept of health care it is essential that doctors and other health workers should be harmoniously developed personalities. One of the main characteristics of such a personality is the overall health potential. Doctors should not only propagate a healthy lifestyle but should in this respect serve as an example. Unfortunately in many instances paradoxical behaviour in relation to their own health is found. The problem of health protection of doctors must be conceived comprehensively not only in conjunction with the general social environment but also in conjunction with his specific working environment. In the contemporary medical literature in the world we encounter in connection with investigations of health protection, and in particular the morbidity of doctors and other health workers, the term morbus medicus. This involves a complicated and specific complex of factors ensuing from the complexity of the medical profession and its risks which does not cause specific but nevertheless increased sequelae in certain areas of morbidity. At present the majority of occupations is associated with neuropsychic stress. In the medical profession neuropsychic stress is much greater than in other occupations. Therefore prevention of negative stress in the medical profession must ensue from an endeavour to neutralize these negative factors - i.e. to create optimal working conditions and optimal interpersonal relations, and from improving the standard of the personality profile of doctors.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1989

[The development of the dental profession in The Netherlands in the beginning of the 19th century].

In 1798 the French occupational forces in the Netherlands abolished all guilds. This created a vacuum for the Dutch dentists in the field of dental education, examination and controlling the dental practitioners, because this belonged to the task of the guilds. New legislation in 1804 filled this vacuum only partially and until 1865 there was no sufficient legislation for the dental profession. A brief survey about the social and educational situation of the profession can give the beginning of an answer to the question why the legislation payed no attention to the dentists. In 1865 dentistry became a part of general medicine and could only be practiced by physicians. In 1876 a threatening shortage of dentists resulted in a new law in which the dentist again received his place in health care. In the same year the first dental school in the Netherlands was founded and from that time the dental profession started to develop.

History of Dentistry↗
PubMed1988

Theories at the crossroads: a discussion of evolving views on medicine as a profession.

The widespread perception that medicine is undergoing significant changes in its social position and professional status is of sociological importance not only for understanding medicine's own construction of reality, but also for assessing a general sociological theory of the profession. How a profession maintains its status is reflected in the ways a dominant paradigm (professional dominance) responds to challenges from alternative concepts (deprofessionalization, proletarianization). Cross-national case studies of the position of physicians tend to reaffirm the dominant status of Freidson's paradigm. But research based on empirically verifiable data is needed to clarify further debate about the dominance of the medical profession.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Marital status and profession of andrological patients from 1972 to 1981].

From 1971 until 1982 we examined 12,097 andrological patients, particularly the amnestic data concerning their private lives as well as their professions were investigated. During this time the age distribution showed a maximum shifting from 31 to 35 years for the year 1972 and from 26 to 30 years in 1981. Whilst the quota of the married men practically did not change, the quota of the engaged couples showed a reduced tendency. The percentage of free partnership increased from 1.5% to 8.6%. The quota of single persons did not change. Regarding the different groups of professions we found typical results: the percentage of soldiers was reduced, the quota of artists increased (elevated percentage of free partnership). In cases with a social profession we found a reduced quota of married couples: for students, apprentices, schoolboys as well as retired people, the free partnership predominated.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Harvey A.K. Whitney lecture. Intimations on a profession: retrospect and prospect.

The evolution and development of institutional pharmacy and its pathfinders are discussed, and future directions for the profession are suggested. From the Bulletin of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists to the American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, hospital pharmacy literature has helped the profession evolve by providing specialized information while continuing to meet practitioners' changing needs over time. Editorials help to establish unity of purpose among members by encouraging consensus development. Other publications and programs of ASHP extend its mission into institutions nationwide. To achieve unity of purpose, the profession relies on the formal organization (ASHP and its chapters) for providing order and the informal organization (meetings) for exchanging information and providing motivation. Pharmacy "trains its own" via residency programs, whose prototypes, nonacademic internships, were designed by pathfinder preceptors like Harvey A. K. Whitney. These programs have ensured continuity in improving practice standards and a source of skilled professionals. Women have been leaders in the history and development of hospital pharmacy. The sound economic management of the Society has led to accelerated developments for institutional pharmacy. In the future, ASHP should seek to become more involved in public policy issues concerning health care in general; develop a written set of ethical standards to guide institutional practitioners; and prepare an updated history of ASHP and the hospital pharmacy movement, including an interpretation of events, or a cultural perspective. ASHP has established a strong foundation for hospital pharmacy as envisioned by the early pathfinders; young pharmacists are the pathfinders for future progress.

Ethics, Professional↗
PubMed1986

[Motivation in the choice of profession by students of veterinary medicine].

Elucidated were the motives in choosing the profession with the student in veterinary medicine, stating the sociologic characteristic of the vet students in connection with the choice made. Stated was the effect of some factors that belonged to the social origin (so-called external factors) as well as the effect of the personal reasons for vocational orientation. The education at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine was also found to be of importance in this respect. It was established that the most effective external factor was the influence of the family circle, although it was not as significant as in other similar studies in terms of value. In most of the students in veterinary medicine the choice of profession was determined mainly by personal motives: the interest the students took in biologic sciences, the affection for animals, etc.,--which spoke of a decision-making of their own. The effect of institutions of the social past, such as education, school, teachers. Studies of professional orientation on the choice of a profession was said to be negligible. Negative deviations as to the stability of decision-making, particularly in the fourth year of education, were also established, and this made it necessary to combine professional training with didactical means in order to make it optimal.

Bulgaria↗
PubMed1995

Reregistration of gynaecologists in South Africa--the profession's opinion.

OBJECTIVE: Testing of the profession's opinions and attitudes with regard to a possible reregistration system. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all the gynaecologists in South Africa to test their opinions and attitudes with regard to reregistration. RESULTS: After two mailings, 62.4% of the 603 gynaecologists had responded. Seventy per cent of the respondents were in private practice while 19% were in full-time academic positions. More than two-thirds (68%) of the respondents resided in a city, close to a medical school. Although 74% were in favour of the implementation of a reregistration system, only 56% were enthusiastic about it. Congress attendance and self-study programmes were the categories in which more than 85% of the respondents would be able to earn points. The general feeling was that such a system should be governed by the profession. CONCLUSIONS: The profession was in favour of a system of reregistration, but great concern was expressed at the contents of such a programme and the manner in which it would be governed.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

Rural and urban differences in employment and vacancies in ten allied health professions.

Few studies examine rural and urban differences in supply and demand for allied health professionals. This research examined ten allied health professions for rural and urban differences in employment and vacancies across four types of hospital settings. Based on data from a Georgia workforce study, significant differences in employment rates were noted for medical technologists, medical laboratory technicians, licensed practical nurses, registered nurses, and social workers. Significant size x location differences in vacancy rates were found for registered nurses and respiratory therapists. This study suggests that rurality and hospital size may impact levels of employment and vacancies in selected professions, and that a detailed workforce analysis is needed by profession, employment sector, and geographical area to establish a clear picture of health care services needed by the population.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

The representation of Hispanics in the health professions.

Hispanics are the country's second largest and fastest growing minority group. This investigation was conducted to review the preprofessional educational experience of Hispanics as well as their representation in the nation's schools of health professions. Findings revealed that Hispanics are the most undereducated major segment of the US population. The majority of all young Hispanics (60% to 75%) do not attend college at all and of those who do attend, less than 10% graduate. Deliberate policy decisions and a concerted national effort to recruit and train minority students in the health professions has resulted in a significant increase in the number of minority health professionals practicing in our country. However, available data clearly point to an underrepresentation of Hispanics in most of the health professions.

Allied Health Occupations↗
PubMed1993

[Role and responsibility of the professions in the medical act and health actions].

The medical act is a part of health actions, but not every health action is a medical act. The primarily and most generalized medical act is the care of a sick individual. The requirements to execute a medical act are to possess the specific knowledges and skills, have a recognition of the possession of these qualities and to be qualified by the state to practice the profession. The governing condition of medical task is the disease and the essential part is diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis and treatment prescription are exclusively medical acts. The execution of treatment may be shared with other health care professionals. The actions of health promotion, prevention, repair and rehabilitation must necessarily be performed by a multi professional team in which the physician (or the odontologist) has predominantly the task of repairing the lost health. The diversification of health professions has created interprofessional tensions, with an underlying social power problem. Nevertheless, each profession has its own dignity and specific action boundaries. Although there are always unavoidable superpositions in their respective frontier limits role.

Health Occupations↗
PubMed1993

The evolution of medicine as a profession. A 75-year perspective.

The profession of medicine has changed dramatically in 75 years. Despite the commitment of individual practitioners to the highest ideals of professionalism, the profession itself has lost privilege, power, and public reputation. It has been toppled from the high moral ground of professionalism. This has happened not so much because individual clinicians have abandoned that ground, but largely because others have occupied it--primarily complex organizations that have developed public mandates to regulate and oversee health care. The issue is not one of unfeeling physicians--it is one of a health care system that has evolved so as to limit medicine's autonomy. This changing system places new constraints and pressures on the physician-patient relationship. The question we are left with is whether medicine can regain its professionalism. How do we reform a system that, by its complexity, has become amoral? The only way is for physicians to re-assume a stout position of advocacy--advocacy for individual patients in a complex and frightening system of care, advocacy for patients as a class of people in a political system that seeks to restrict care, advocacy for patients in a world of environmental and epidemic threats. Such advocacy requires an equally strong moral commitment to the principles of service. Acting in the patient's best interest is not enough. It requires that the profession avoid the appearance of blatant self-interest at every turn. It requires a revised commitment to political activism in the interest of service to patients as a community. The costs are extremely high--but the alternative, physicians-as-technicians and medicine as a slave to corporate and government interests, is hardly acceptable.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1993

[Development of the nursing profession].

In Finland nursing has been seen as an encounter between a nurse and a client or a patient. It is necessary to see nursing from the wider point of view and the wholeness of the profession it consists. There are at least three universal dimensions. They are: to fulfill the basic task of nursing, the development of nursing discipline and the development of the profession. The profession cannot be developed without a strong commitment in the task of nursing this commitment and its improvement being the most important challenge of nursing. The commitment is followed by responsibility, collegiality and collectivity as means to achieve the mutual goal. It is important to achieve the professional nursing education, which means university education. This kind of education is necessary because it provides ability to keep up with scientific studies, to apply the results of the studies to do research work. The education of nursing leaders also must be the kind it provides with ability to commit oneself to development of nursing and nursing research on one's own area, and managing nursing from the point of view of the knowledge base of nursing discipline, i.e. from the leadership and management theories of nursing.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed1996

[Physicians and the mass media. Opinion of physicians on the coverage of medicine, health policy and the medical profession by the mass media].

Every fourth physician disapproves of mass media coverage of health policy questions. Four out of ten physicians are dissatisfied with the way scientific medical issues are covered, and seven out of ten are dissatisfied with articles and programmes about the medical profession. The physicians' dissatisfaction was predicted by a low level of perceived job autonomy and a high level of perceived unrealistic expectations from patients, families, superiors and politicians. The doctors' disapproval of press coverage of the medical profession increased with perceived stress. The dissatisfaction was clearly greater among younger than among older physicians. Internists and surgeons tended to be more dissatisfied than physicians in other specialties. Dissatisfaction with mass media was not, however, a question of personal grudge: respondents who felt that they themselves had been unfairly spoken of by the media did not disapprove of the media coverage of health issue, or of the medical profession in general, to any greater degree than did doctors who had no such personal complaints.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

"The profession of dentistry:" the University of Kentucky's curriculum in professional ethics.

Among the most important learning that occurs in our nation's colleges of dentistry is learning to be a professional. While knowledge, perceptual-motor skills, and problem-solving abilities are basic to becoming a dentist, helping aspiring colleagues to apply their newly developing skills with integrity must be a fundamental concern. Increasingly, we are realizing that the quality of health care depends as significantly on the character of the health professional as it does on the individual's knowledge and skills. Concern for character, virtue, and integrity is the domain of ethics. This paper advances a justification for including a curriculum in professional ethics in our dental educational programs. The professional ethics curriculum at the University of Kentucky, "The Profession of Dentistry," extends through all four years of the Doctor of Dental Medicine program. The paper describes the major goals pursued in the curriculum and outlines the content of each of the four, sixteen-clock-hour courses. Learning ethics experientially through living in a college community is reviewed in the context of the College of Dentistry's comprehensive Code of Professional Conduct and Academic Responsibility. An assumption of the curriculum is, if the professional relationship of dentistry with society is to be sustained, each new generation of dentists must understand the nature of the profession and the ethical obligations of becoming a member of the dental profession.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1996

[To prepare the future: analysis of the occupational changes in the dispensary pharmacist's profession. Necessity of a common project linking the university and the chemist's shop].

Academic people devote themselves too rarely to an analysis of the evolution in a profession for which 80% of its students are intending to take up, that is, a dispensing chemist. This article is divided into three parts: the first part is an analysis aiming at understanding a certain moroseness felt by dispensing chemists in a society which is evolving. The pharmacy faculties, very centred on themselves, preoccupied about their scientific recognitions, are more and more getting away from the field professionals, both by their teaching and by their research. This leads the profession to a distress where everyone plays in one's camp, with the author's feeling of seeing some teachers sawing the branch of which they are seated. The pharmaceutical profession is itself under the stress of attacks from the ministry through the decrease of remunerations as part of the health expenditure control and from supermarkets which are delight to be able to open breaches into parapharmaceutical fields. How is it possible to reconcile the university and the chemist's shop.

Economics, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1997

A longitudinal study of the attitudes of the dental profession towards competition and advertising.

In 1985, members of the dental profession and of four other professional groups in New Zealand were surveyed to establish their attitudes towards the developing commercialisation of their professions, particularly towards advertising. This survey was repeated in 1988, and repeated again in 1994. The results of the three surveys are presented in this paper. Over the survey period there has been a steady, if undramatic, movement of attitudes to a position that is more favourable towards the concept of an openly competitive profession. The use of informative advertising by dental practices had gained widespread acceptance by 1994, but there was still considerable opposition to persuasive advertising. However, there are still areas of professional practice, notably matters concerned with fees, where there is widespread opposition to competition and advertising.

Advertising↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical research within the chiropractic profession: status, needs and recommendations.

In the current climate of accountability, health care financing reform and the demand on all health professions for evidence, there is an urgent need to expand clinical research activity within the profession. Those randomized clinical trials that have been reported in the literature have focused primarily on low back and headache pain. Only recently have studies been initiated to investigate the effectiveness of chiropractic interventions for conditions other than back pain. The ability of chiropractic colleges to develop research infrastructures and productive clinical research programs depends on removing or minimizing a number of impediments. A shortage of chiropractic clinicians who have the experience and training to conduct clinical research is compounded by a dependency on tuition revenue, limited external funding and a lack of institutional emphasis on research. The profession generally, and chiropractic colleges specifically, must address the impediments that limit the growth of research capacity. We present several recommendations and the action steps required to achieve specific outcomes.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1997

Professions, professional ethics, and bioengineering.

The distinguishing features of professions, professionalization, and the institutionalization of expertise are discussed. Drawing on this discussion, a composite picture of a profession is developed. Using that composite picture, the question whether bioengineering is a profession is raised and answered affirmatively; the implications of that answer are explored. The institutional aspects and problems of contemporary professional practice receive special attention. It is argued that undertaking the task of constructing ethical structures of practice is itself an obligation of professional ethics. An approach that can be employed in that undertaking and, then, with one difference that is explained, used in making individual ethical decisions in one's capacity as a professional is suggested and defended. A key element in that defense is the fact that the approach squarely faces and successfully deals with what one writer calls the problems of knowledge and interest.

Biomedical Engineering↗