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PubMed1986

Carbon source assimilation and fermentation tests: study of 77 animal Pasteurella strains by a microtechnique.

77 strains of Pasteurella from various animal species were tested using the API micromethod for their ability to assimilate 147 carbon substrates and ferment 49 carbohydrates. Typical profiles of P. multocida and P. haemolytica were determined. This micromethod should prove useful in establishing the biotypes of Pasteurella species and in studying their epidemiology and pathogenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A survey of potential virulence markers from avian strains of Pasteurella multocida.

Twenty-four isolates of Pasteurella multocida from clinical cases of fowl cholera and the Clemson University vaccine strain were surveyed for the presence of potential virulence markers. Membrane proteins, enzymatic activity of the membrane proteins, and carbohydrate fermentation patterns were also determined to demonstrate phenotypic relationships within the groups. Few differences were found in these phenotypic characteristics among the isolates. Almost all the organisms produced siderophore and were hemolytic on turkey red blood cells. No extracellular enzyme or bacteriocin activity was detected and little antibiotic resistance was found. However, many organisms contained plasmids and demonstrated some degree of resistance to complement. Both characteristics were correlative markers in Pasteurella multocida isolated from birds with fowl cholera.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Reclassification of German, British and Dutch isolates of so-called Pasteurella multocida obtained from pneumonic calf lungs.

The taxonomic relationship of 131 strains previously identified as Pasteurella multocida obtained from calf pneumonia in West Germany, United Kingdom and Netherlands was investigated by extended phenotypic and limited genotypic characterization. Twenty-four strains were classified as P. multocida ssp. multocida, 15 strains as P. avium biovar 2 and 13 strains as P. canis biovar 2. Sixty-five and five strains were tentatively classified as ornithine negative P. multocida ssp. multocida and P. multocida ssp. septica, respectively. Genetic investigations showed that ornithine negative strains of P. multocida were related on species level. Less genomic binding was found between an ornithine negative strain of P. multocida ssp. septica and the type strains of the three subspecies of P. multocida. The taxonomic position of ornithine negative strains of P. multocida is still under investigation. The taxonomic position of the remaining nine strains is uncertain underlining the need for genotypic characterization within the genus Pasteurella to aid in defining single species by phenotypic tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Relationship between the iron regulated outer membrane proteins and the outer membrane proteins of in vivo grown Pasteurella multocida.

The SDS-PAGE patterns of the outer membrane protein (OMP) extracts of Pasteurella multocida strain P1059, grown under iron-restricted, iron-replete and in vivo conditions, were examined. The results showed that the iron-regulated outer membrane proteins (IROMPs) with molecular masses of 76 kDa, 84 kDa, and 94 kDa were expressed by bacteria grown in iron-restricted media. They were also expressed by in vivo grown P. multocida. Convalescent-phase sera, obtained from turkeys which had survived pasteurellosis, contained antibodies that reacted intensly with th three IROMPs. This indicated that these proteins were expressed in vivo. Bacteria expressing the IROMPs showed greater binding to Congo Red when compared to cells not expressing IROMPs. Cells expressing the IROMPs or its OMP extracts grown in iron-restricted media also showed greater binding to 59Fe-pasteurella siderophore (multocidin) when compared to bacteria or its extracts not expressing IROMPs. Convalescent-phase sera, which contained antibodies against the IROMPs, blocked this specific 59Fe-multocidin binding to IROMPs. Autoradiography was used to determine which of these IROMPs functioned as a receptor for the iron-multocidin complex. The results suggested that these three IROMPs have specific epitopes for binding to the iron multocidin complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Serotype and genus specific protein antigens of Pasteurella multocida, revealed by monoclonal antibodies.

Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reacting with protein antigens of Pasteurella multocida strain M1404 were produced and designated DM-1 and DM-4. DM-1 reacted only with the homologous Heddleston serotype 2. On the other hand, DM-4 reacted with all the 16 Heddleston serotypes and with other Pasteurella spp., but not with any of the other genera tested. Both mAbs may thus be of significance for identification and classification. The antibodies could agglutinate P. multocida only if the cells were treated with 1N HCl. Neither of the mAbs could opsonise P. multocida for phagocytosis by mouse macrophages nor did they protect recipient mice against lethal infection. Active immunisation of mice gave rise to only partial protection against challenge infection, suggesting a minor role for these particular proteins in protection from infection.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1995

Phenotypic characterisation of Pasteurella multocida isolates from Australian poultry.

A phenotypic characterisation of 110 isolates of bacteria previously identified as Pasteurella multocida was performed. Reference strains of many of the currently recognised species within the genus Pasteurella were included in the study. All the isolates had been obtained from Australian poultry-67 from chickens, 42 from turkeys and one from a duck. Ten different biochemical biovars were recognised amongst the isolates. Four of these biovars, representing 91 isolates, were identified as P. multocida subsp. multocida. One biovar, consisting of one isolate, was identified as P. multocida subsp. septica and another biovar, consisting of five isolates, as P. multocida subsp. gallicida. Two further biovars were tentatively identified as ornithine decarboxylase negative P. multocida subsp. multocida (five isolates) and maltose positive P. multocida subsp. septica (one isolate). The final two biovars, consisting of five and two isolates each, could not be assigned to any of the currently recognised subspecies of P. multocida.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Derivation of Pasteurella multocida-free rabbit litters by enrofloxacin treatment.

Pasteurella multocida is an important bacterial pathogen of rabbits that is easily transmitted from infected does to their kits prior to weaning. Enrofloxacin, a flouroquinolone antibiotic, is effective at limiting nasal carriage of P. multocida in rabbits. To determine if enrofloxacin treatment of pregnant does infected with P. multocida can be used to produce P. multocida-free litters, groups of 3 rabbits were inoculated intranasally on day 10 of gestation with 1.0 x 10(6) P. multocida CFUs. Beginning on day 14, one group received enrofloxacin IM (5 mg kg-1, BID), and a second group received enrofloxacin in the drinking water (200 mgl-1). IM treatment continued until kindling, while PO treatment continued 1 week after kindling. A third group was infected but received only IM saline, and a fourth group was infected but not treated. In addition, a fifth group was neither infected nor treated. Culture of nasal lavage samples and tissues from does and kits showed that both routes of enrofloxacin treatment failed to completely eliminate P. multocida from does, but all kits from enrofloxacin-treated does were free from P. multocida. These results suggest that treatment does with enrofloxacin during the periparturient period may interrupt transmission of P. multocida from infected does to their kits and that this treatment may be useful for deriving Pasteurella-free rabbits from infected does.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Validation of random amplified polymorphic DNA assays by ribotyping as tools for epidemiological surveys of Pasteurella from animals.

Two collections of strains of Pasteurella were studied for epidemiological purposes by ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays. These strains were isolated through two different structures of animal productions: cattle and rabbit. Forty strains of P. haemolytica from cattle reared in independent breeding-herds belonged to only 3 ribotypes after digestion with HindIII and PvuII. No further discrimination of these strains was obtained by RAPD assays. All these 40 strains showed more than 90% of similarity. This result was consistent with the hypothesis of a clonal dissemination of these strains in bovine herds, possible favoured by the large use of antibiotics. Forty-one strains of P. multocida were isolated in rabbits flocks belonging to 16 breeders. Six of these were linked by commercial relationships. Twenty-eight out of the 29 strains isolated through this commercial network belonged to only three ribotypes whereas the 12 strains from independant breeders belonged to 9 ribotypes. Results of RAPD assays were in accordance with those of ribotyping and validate the use of RAPD assays for epidemiological studies of Pasteurella strains.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of unexpected pasteurella multocida bacteremia.

A case of Pasteurella multocida bacteremia in a previously healthy hospital employee is presented. The patient had sustained a scratch from his dog four days prior to being seen in the emergency department with adequate healing and no evidence of localized infection. He presented with an acute febrile illness, and was discharged from the emergency department with a diagnosis of viral syndrome. He was asked to return to the hospital the next day when a bacteriology report of gram negative rods in both aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles was received in the emergency department. Pasteurella multocida bacteremia/septicemia is seen most frequently in immunocompromised patients but the diagnosis should be considered in any patient with a febrile illness and exposure to cats or dogs.

Hand Injuries↗
PubMed1992

Pasteurella multocida infection in total knee arthroplasty. Case report and literature review.

Pasteurella multocida, a small gram-negative bacterium, is part of the normal mouth flora of many animals, including domestic cats and dogs. While commonly associated with infections in animals, it is a rare cause of human disease. The majority of Pasteurella infections in humans occur with percutaneous inoculation of the organism following a bite by a cat or dog, although disease without antecedent animal exposure or with causal animal contact does occur. The spectrum of disease produced ranges from localized, including abscess, cellulitis, lymphadenopathy, and osteomyelitis, to systemic, with septicemia, septic arthritis, respiratory, and central nervous system involvement. Altered host defenses and underlying chronic disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, corticosteroid therapy, and severe hepatic or renal disease, may predispose to more serious systemic manifestations of infection. The authors report a case of P. multocida infection in a total knee arthroplasty as a result of a dog scratch and review the literature reporting P. multocida infections in total knee arthroplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Vaccination against fowl cholera with acapsular Pasteurella multocida A:1.

We have previously constructed an acapsular Pasteurella multocida X-73 (serogroup A) mutant strain which was attenuated in virulence for chickens (Chung JY, Wilkie IW, Boyce JD, Townsend KM, Frost AJ, Ghodussi M, Adler B. Role of capsule in the pathogenesis of fowl cholera caused by Pasteurella multocida serogroup A. Infect. Immun. 2001;69:2487-2492). In this study, we have assessed the ability of this acapsular strain (PBA930) to induce protection against wild-type challenge in mice and the natural host chickens. Intramuscular administration of PBA930 to mice stimulated significant protection against X-73 and the heterologous strain P-1059 (A:3), but not against challenge with P-1662 (A:4). No protection was observed when PBA930 was introduced by the intraperitoneal or subcutaneous routes in mice. Significantly, the acapsular strain PBA930 was able to induce protection against challenge with wild type X-73 in chickens.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Pasteurella multocida--an uncommon cause of obstetric and gynaecological sepsis.

Pasteurella multocida is a common cause of wound infection following animal-inflicted wounds, but is a rare cause of female genito-urinary sepsis. We present a case of vulval sepsis and a case of intrapartum septicaemia with this bacterium. These two cases indicate that Pasteurella multocida can occasionally colonise the female lower genital tract and this bacterium should be considered in the differential diagnosis of serious infection related to this site.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Detection and interspecies-transformation of a beta-lactamase-encoding plasmid from Pasteurella haemolytica.

Pasteurella haemolytica-cultures, isolated from cattle with respiratory diseases, were investigated for their biotype, serotype, antimicrobial resistance and plasmid content. A plasmid encoding a beta-lactamase could be demonstrated in 9 of 19 Pasteurella haemolytica-cultures. These 9 cultures, all belonging to biotype A and serotype 1, were resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin, penicillin G and ticarcillin. The plasmid of the respective cultures proved to be identical upon Southern blot hybridization. It could be transformed into Escherichia coli 490 A where it expressed again a beta-lactamase-activity.

Ampicillin Resistance↗
PubMed1997

Cross protective immunity conferred by a marker-free aroA mutant of Pasteurella multocida.

The aroA gene from Pasteurella multocida serotype A:1 (X-73) was cloned by complementation of the Escherichia coli aroA mutant AB2829 with a DNA library constructed in pUC18. The cloned aroA gene was inactivated by deletion of a 300 bp internal sequence and reintroduced by homologous recombination into the chromosome of X-73 and P-1059 (serotype A:3) using a Pasteurella-E. coli shuttle vector pPBA1100. By subjecting the transformed cells to repeated subculturing in the presence of antibiotic selection coupled with auxotrophic enrichment, marker-free aroA mutants of X-73 and of P-1059 were isolated and designated PMP1 and PMP3, respectively. PMP1 and PMP3 were highly attenuated and capable of conferring complete protection against subsequent lethal challenge infection in a mouse model. Moreover, PMP3-immunized mice were protected against heterologous challenge infection with serotype A:1 or A:4.

3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase↗
PubMed1997

Effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on subsequent Pasteurella multocida challenge in pigs.

This trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) on a subsequent challenge with Pasteurella multocida in pigs. Sixteen, 3-4 week-old piglets, from a PRRSv and Aujeszky disease virus (ADV) free herd were used. Animals were equally and randomly allocated in four groups which were treated according the following schedule: Group I: negative controls; Group II: inoculation with only PRRSV; Group III: inoculation with PRRSV and P. multocida; Group IV: inoculation with ADV and P. multocida (positive controls). PRRSV and ADV were inoculated intranasally, at the doses of 10(4.6) and 10(4.5) TCID50/ml, respectively. Five days later, pigs from groups III and IV were inoculated intranasally, with two ml of a 10(9) CFU/ml suspension of equal parts of P. multocida, strains A52 and A24. No lesions were observed in piglets of group I. Microscopically, interstitial pneumonia was identified in all piglets of groups II and III and 3/4 piglets from group IV. Bronchopneumonia was detected in 3/4 of the piglets from group III and in all animals of group IV which, additionally, showed meningo-encephalitis and purulent rhinitis. Macroscopically, only piglets of groups III and IV had lung consolidation. However, much lower pneumonic scores (2.3%) were observed in group III, where 3 of 4 piglets were affected. On the other hand, all piglets of group IV showed some degree of pulmonary consolidation, with a mean score of 13.7%. Based on these results, it appears that the role of PRRSV as a initiator of secondary diseases is still undefined, but is probably mild. There was no clear interaction between PRRSv and Pasteurella multocida under the conditions and strains tested here.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Phenotypic characterisation of Pasteurella multocida isolates from Australian pigs.

A phenotypic characterisation of 150 isolates of bacteria previously identified as Pasteurella multocida was performed. All the isolates had been obtained from Australian pigs in the three eastern States of Queensland (110 isolates), New South Wales (21 isolates) and Victoria (19 isolates). Seven different biochemical biovars were recognised amongst the isolates. A total of 100 isolates (67%) were assigned to biovar 3, previously shown to be the most common biovar in isolates of P. multocida from Australian poultry [Fegan, N., Blackall, P.J., Pahoff, J.L., 1995. Phenotypic characterisation of Pasteurella multocida isolates from Australian poultry. Vet. Microbiol., 47, 281-286.]. Six of the seven biovars, including biovar 3, were identified as P. multocida subsp. multocida, 124 isolates in total. One other biovar, consisting of thirteen isolates, was identified as P. multocida subsp. gallicida. Within the six biovars that were identified as P. multocida subsp. multocida, biovars 12, 13 and 14 represented unusual biochemical variants. The nine isolates assigned to biovar 12 appeared to be lactose positive variants of P. multocida subsp. multocida. The three isolates in biovar 13 appeared to be ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) negative variants of P. multocida subsp. multocida. The single isolate in biovar 14 appeared to be an ODC negative, lactose positive variant of P. multocida subsp. multocida.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The demonstration of Pasteurella multocida in the alimentary tract of chickens after experimental oral infection.

A selective medium containing polymyxin B, crystal violet, thallous acetate, bacitracin and cycloheximide in 10% sheep blood dextrose starch agar, and a modified Pasteurella multocida-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay were developed for the respective isolation and detection of P. multocida from chicken alimentary tract. The selective medium and the PCR assay were highly sensitive, detecting 100 cfu from colon contents. These techniques were used to follow the localisation of an orally administered virulent P. multocida in chickens. Pasteurellae could be isolated from the crop of some birds up to 30 h, occasionally from other sites after 28 h. It was concluded that the crop was a likely site for colonisation and that infection was most likely to occur through the mucosa of the jejunum or ileum.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

[Maternal and neonatal Pasteurella multocida infection].

BACKGROUND: Materno-fetal infection due to Pasteurella multocida is rare; it may be severe in the neonate. CASE REPORT: A 27-year old woman was admitted at 37 weeks' gestation with a history of abdominal cramps. Twenty-four hours after delivery, the mother was febrile (40 degrees C) and was given intravenous cefotaxime (2 days), followed by cefpodoxime (15 days). The newborn was febrile and hypotonic 24 hours after birth; he received an infusion of hydroxyethylamidon and was given cefotaxime (3 days), netilmicin (6 days) and amoxicillin (10 days). Pasteurella multocida was isolated from placenta, blood and gastric fluid in the baby and in blood cultures and vaginal swab in the mother. It was established that the mother was bitten by her dog during the pregnancy and wounded a few days before delivery. CONCLUSION: This neonate was infected during the delivery and the source of mother's contamination was easy to determinate: pet animals were kept by the family and there was an history of wounds during her pregnancy.

Adult↗