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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Cellular fibronectin and tenascin in an orbital nylon prosthesis removed because of infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

An orbital nylon prosthesis was removed because of an infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus that was resistant to antimicrobials. It was processed for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Within 3 weeks the implant had an extensive ingrowth of fibrovascular tissue containing chronic inflammatory cells, foreign body giant cells, and myofibroblasts. By using the indirect immunofluorescent method, this tissue was found to react with monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against extradomain A of cellular fibronectin (EDA-cFN) and tenascin (TN). The presence of EDA-cFN and TN within the implant are indicative of an active healing process, since both of these proteins, scarce in adult tissues, have been shown to be reexpressed during tissue regeneration. The findings suggest that fibronectin plays a definite role in bacterial adherence and foreign body infections.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Isolation of UV-sensitive variants of CHO-K1 by nylon cloth replica plating.

Techinques are described which permit the identification and isolation of UV-sensitive variants from mutagenized populations of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Identification is based on the observation that within two days after receiving a dose of approximately 240 ergs/mm2 of UV irradiation most of the cells in a colony of CHO detach from the surface of a plastic tissue culture dish. At a lower dose of UV, which does not kill or detach a significant number of parental cells, UV-sensitive colonies are killed and become detached. Thus a clear plaque is produced in a lawn of unirradiated parental cells, marking the site occupied by a sensitive colony. Live cells from such sensitive colonies have been recovered from a nylon cloth replica prepared prior to irradiation and characterized. One UV-sensitive variant (CHO-UV-1) is indistinguishable from parental cells in X-ray resistance, chromosome number, generation time, and duration of the phases of the cell cycle. For UV irradiation the hit number (-n), shoulder width (Dq), and mean lethal dose (Do) for the variant are 2.8, 21 ergs/mm2, and 21 ergs/mm2, respectively, as compared to 2.6, 36 ergs/mm2, and 45 ergs/mm2 for CHO-K1 cells. These values have not changed for a period of eight months in culture.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1977

Stored blood microfiltration. Evaluation of micro-aggregate filter composed of polyurethane foam and nylon wool.

Aggregates of amorphous material which develop during storage of banked blood have been implicated as a cause of pulmonary micro-embolism in man following massive transfusion. Such pulmonary micro-embolism may be a causal factor in the development of post traumatic pulmonary insufficiency. At present several microaggregate filters for use in massive transfusion are commercially available, and on of these is the Fenwal filter. It is composed of a screen filter which removes microclots of 250 microns and higher, a layer of polyurethane foam and a layer of nylon wool. The resistance of this device is very acceptable and the filter may be used for several blood units, but its efficiency seems less than that of Dacron wool filter.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1977

Growth orientation of heart cells on nylon monofilament. Determination of the volume-to-surface area ratio and intracellular potassium concentration.

A new method is described for orienting the growth of embryonic chick heart cells as thin annuli about nylon monofilament. Analytical measurements of cell water, intracellular potassium, cell volume, and cell surface area incorporate several new techniques and provide the quantitative basis for characterizing the respective cell types in the preparation. The measurements support the hypothesis that tissue culture methodology does not alter the morphological and physiological properties of cardiac muscle cells. The preparations are ideally suited for radiotracer studies since tissue mass can be increased while retaining a relatively short diffusional distance.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The use of an immobilized enzyme nylon tube reactor incorporating a four enzyme system for creatinine analysis.

A single immobilized enzyme nylon tube reactor was produced incorporating a four enzyme system for the analysis of creatinine. The enzyme activity ratios in the coupling solution used to prepare the reactor were found to be of extreme importance in governing the activity of the latter. The reactor was incorporated into a continuous flow analysis system used to assay creatinine in urine samples and the results were correlated with a manual technique employing the same enzyme system in solution. The precision, correlation, high specificity, simplicity, and speed of the analysis were concluded to be factors in favor of the method's suitability for urine creatinine determinations.

Creatine Kinase↗
PubMed1984

Nylon tube-immobilized creatinine iminohydrolase and glutamate dehydrogenase in serum and urine creatinine analysis.

Immobilized enzyme nylon-tube reactors incorporating creatinine iminohyrolase (CI) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were used to assay creatinine in serum and urine. Optimum substrate concentrations for the assay were determined. The reactors were incorporated into a continuous flow system for creatinine analysis. The method was evaluated with respect to linearity, sample interaction, precision, accuracy, and analytical recovery. Comparison studies were carried out with a standard Jaffé method and the effect of interfering substances was investigated. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the assay was suitable as a simple, reliable, and specific method for serum and urine creatinine determinations.

Aminohydrolases↗
PubMed1999

Vaginal nylon sling: loop length and surgical outcomes in those with urethral hypermobility and intrinsic sphincter deficiency.

Fifty-four women with stress incontinence underwent a vaginal nylon sling procedure. Of these, 15 were diagnosed as having type I, 27 as type II, and 12 as type III genuine stress incontinence. Follow-up averaged 25 months (range 6-42). The total suture length prior to ligation, which supports the bladder neck with no tension, varied from 200 to 313 mm and demonstrated weak correlation with body mass index (R2 = 0.076, P = 0.043) and body weight (R2 = 0.082, P = 0.036). The objective success rate was 89% (48 of 54 patients) 25 months later; the subjective rate was 93% (50 of 54 patients). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the cumulative continence rate was 85.6% at 42 months for those with type I, 88.4% at 42 months for those with type II, and 91.7% at 40 months for those with type III incontinence (P>0.05). The main postoperative complication was retention or difficulty in urination. It was concluded that the total suture length cannot be determined in relation to patient's physical parameters, but rather on surgical experience, and that this operation is recommended to those with not only intrinsic sphincter deficiency but also with urethral hypermobility, provided surgery is executed with safe precautions.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Follow-up study of workers in a nylon carpet yarn plant after remedial actions taken against a contaminated humidification system.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of remedial actions taken against a contaminated humidification system, after an outbreak of humidifier disease in a nylon carpet yarn plant. METHODS: Two and 6 years after modification, a follow-up investigation of a stratified (age, smoking habits) sample of exposed (n = 75) and non-exposed (n = 56) workers was carried out. Outcome-parameters were: respiratory symptoms, spirometry, skin tests and serology with various humidifier fungi. In addition, the yearly incidence of work-disability because of chronic respiratory disease during the 2 years before, and 11 years after the modification was compared. RESULTS: At follow-up, exposed workers, who remained at the same workplace no longer had significantly more frequent chronic respiratory symptoms. The prevalence of positive serology was still higher (P < 0.05) in exposed workers after 2 years, but at the 6 year follow-up investigation, the difference was no longer significant. Prevalence of positive skin tests after 2 years no longer differed from that of the non-exposed workers. Slopes (ml/years) of the graphs of forced vital capacity (FVC) and one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) during the 6 year follow-up after the first investigation did not differ between exposed and non-exposed workers, both before and after adjustment for age, smoking habits and results of skin tests and serology before modification. Before modification, exposed workers with a positive late skin test had a lower FVC than non-exposed workers. After 6 years of follow-up their FVC was still lower, but the difference was no longer significant. There were no indications of selective loss to follow-up. After remedial actions no new cases of humidifier disease occurred. Moreover, the yearly incidence of work-disability in this plant because of chronic respiratory disease, decreased from 1.30% to 0.27% compared with a decrease from 0.30% to 0. 12% in other synthetic fibre plants. CONCLUSION: Follow-up investigation of exposure-effects demonstrated the effectiveness of remedial actions taken against a contaminated humidification system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty with a single rubber-nylon balloon (Inoue balloon): long-term results in 71 patients.

The first 71 patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis who successfully underwent single rubber-nylon balloon (Inoue balloon) percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) from November 1985 to August 1988 had a mean follow-up period of 27.1 +/- 11.6 months (range, 14 to 48 months). Functional status before PMV was New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class IV in two, class III in 38, and class II in 31. Pre and post PMV and follow-up mean diastolic mitral gradient by catheter method was 17.5 +/- 6.9, 2.7 +/- 3.5, and 3.3 +/- 3.4 mm Hg (p less than 0.001 pre versus post PMV and pre PMV versus follow-up; and p greater than 0.005 post PMV versus follow-up). By Doppler method the mean diastolic gradient was 17.4 +/- 5.5, 8.5 +/- 4.7, and 9.2 +/- 4.1 mm Hg, respectively (p less than 0.001 pre versus post PMV and pre PMV versus follow-up; and p greater than 0.05 post PMV versus follow-up). Mitral valve area was 1.12 +/- 0.26, 2.04 +/- 0.41, and 1.92 +/- 0.45 cm2, respectively (p greater than 0.001 pre versus post PMV and pre PMV versus follow-up; and p less than 0.05 post PMV versus follow-up). The phonocardiographic and vectorcardiographic studies and cardiopulmonary exercise testing showed significant improvement after PMV and at follow-up. At follow-up the NYHA functional class was 1 in 57 patients, class II in 13, and class III in one patient with severe mitral valve calcification and subvalvular fusion, in whom restenosis occurred 18 months after PMV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Postoperative complications with protruding monofilament nylon sutures.

Cut ends of 10-0 monofilament nylon sutures protruded and caused various combinations of severe pain, conjunctival inflammation, tarsal conjunctival ulcerations, eyelid edema, and corneal epithelial erosions in six patients postoperatively. These changes occurred one to three weeks after keratoplasty and one to three months after cataract surgery. In all six patients the signs and symptoms cleared after we trimmed or removed the offending sutures.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Broken nylon iris fixation sutures.

Broken nylon iris sutures, used to fixate the Worst suture lens, occurred in 41 of a series of 215 eyes, a remarkably high frequency. The estimated average time to break was 27.8 months. Over three fourths of the borken sutures were discovered incidentally on a return visit. Complications related to the broken suture occurred in 21 eyes. The characteristic complication was corneal epithelial edema caused by intermittent touch of the endothelium by the broken suture; spontaneous lens dislocation was infrequent. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that biodegradation caused the suture break. Broken iris sutures can be avoided by fixation of the lens with a nonbiodegradable suture.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1984

Nylon shavings enzyme reactor for batch determination of urea.

The design and performance of an enzyme reactor (enzyme electrode) which features (i) incorporating nylon shavings onto which an enzyme is covalently bonded, (ii) a flat-surface combination pH electrode for proton monitoring, and (iii) a body providing an injection port for sample injection and washing and stirring capabilities is described. The reactor configuration described here offers good diffusional and partition characteristics which result in relatively fast response, good stability, simplicity of operation, low sample and reagent consumption, and adaptability to flow systems. Application to the determination of urea in standards and physiological salt solutions is demonstrated by use of immobilized urease (EC 3.5.1.5).

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1989

A modified primer extension procedure for specific detection of DNA-RNA hybrids on nylon membranes.

We have developed a modified primer extension procedure for specific detection of mRNA. Alkali-fragmented total cellular RNA or some RNA fraction is hybridized to single-stranded or double-stranded M13 DNA containing the insert of interest which is immobilized on nylon membranes. Hybridized RNA is then detected by incubation of membranes with Escherichia coli RNase H and DNA polymerase I. RNase H is used for nicking the RNA in the hybrids. The resulting 3'-OH groups can subsequently be used by DNA polymerase I to synthesize a labeled complementary strand. The method described is both relatively fast and sensitive and particularly useful for screening large numbers of DNA clones for their representation in RNA populations. Using total cellular RNA as hybridization probe and single-stranded M13 DNA as template as low as 0.25 ng of a specific mRNA was detected (2.5-fold background) when adding 1 microCi [3H]dCTP or 2.5 microCi [32P]d-CTP alternatively as radioactive precursor for the labeling reaction. The detection limit increased to 1 ng (2-fold background) with denatured replicative form double-stranded M13 DNA as template.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

"Pocket blotting": a method for transferring nucleic acids onto nylon membranes.

We have developed a fast and efficient method for transferring nucleic acids onto nylon membranes. This method requires less DNA for transfer; no decrease in efficiency is observed after successive probing, and several gels can be processed simultaneously. We believe that this techniques is of general interest in routine analysis of multiple samples in population genetic studies or in diagnosis purposes.

Buffers↗
PubMed1975

Immobilized electric eel acetylcholinesterasemii. II. Flow kinetics of acetylcholinesterase chemically attached to nylon tubing.

Acetylcholinesterase has been attached covalently to the inner surface of nylon tubing. An experimental study has been carried out on the flow kinetics; solutions of acetylthiocholine at various concentrations were passed through tubing at various flow rates, and measurements made of the rates of formation of product. The results were analyzed in the light of the theoretical treatment of Kobayashi and Laidler, four different methods of analysis being employed. It is found that at lower substrate concentrations and flow rates the reactions are largely diffusion controlled. The Km(app) values are substantially higher than the Km value for diffusion-free conditions, but approach it as the flow rate is increased, when the diffusion layer becomes less important. The results are entirely consistent with the Kobayaski-Laidler theory, and provide guidelines for the design of open tubular heterogeneous enzyme reactors, both for industrial and analytic purposes.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1980

Flow kinetics of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase attached to nylon tubing.

Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) was attached covalently to the inner surface of nylon tubing, and the immobilized enzyme retained its activity over a period of months. A study was made of the flow kinetics for the reaction between ethanol and NAD. With the ethanol held at saturating concentrations there was partial diffusion control, the extent decreasing with increasing flow rate and increasing NAD concentration. With the NAD at saturating concentrations there was no appreciable diffusion control. The apparent Michaelis constants varied with flow rate vf, being linear in vf-1/3, and extrapolation to infinite flow rate (vf-1/3 = 0) gave the intrinsic Michaelis constants. The inhibition by products was also studied. The results for both NADH and acetaldehyde showed mixed competitive and non-competitive inhibition, with a preponderance of the former. Acetaldehyde is the stronger inhibitor, and this is consistent with the lack of dissusion control with variable ethanol. Inhibition by acetaldehyde is not affected by flow rate, but inhibition by NADH is affected, presumably because of the greater degree of diffusion control with variable NAD.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1990

Enzyme coupling method on calibrated nylon spheres: application to the selective trypsinization of histones in chromatin.

A new method consisting of a two-step activation was developed in order to covalently immobilize enzymes on calibrate nylon 66 spheres. This efficient method associates for the first time peptide bond cleavage and O-alkylation of the support. Optimal conditions for activation and protein coupling were defined, and immobilized trypsin was used to investigate the histone accessibility on chromatin. This approach, which allows us to degrade first progressively H1, indicates that H4 seems inaccessible both in relaxed and condensed chromatin.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

Morphological aspects of microarterial anastomoses: a comparison of nylon with polydioxanone.

The morphological appearance of longitudinally sectioned rat femoral arteries was determined in intact arteries and from 3 to 435 days after vessel division and anastomosis with either 9/0 gauge nylon or polydioxanone (PDS) in 26 animals. The purpose of the study was to establish the mechanisms and compare the quality of healing after microarterial anastomosis and to determine whether PDS was degraded before sufficient anastomotic healing had taken place. The results revealed that there was no difference in the process of healing or quality of anastomosis with either suture material. From 3 to 21 days post anastomosis, there was a progressive separation of the ends of vessels within the developing scar. Anastomotic patency was established and maintained at first by an adventitial overgrowth of fibroblasts and undifferentiated adventitial cells and later by the growth of a smooth myocyte scar that stretched between the cut ends of the vessel and over the intima in the form of elongated circumferential plaques. The vessel was morphologically healed by the 21st day. The sutures served little or no purpose in maintaining anastomotic integrity after the 5th day, being situated in the scar forming between the separating vessel ends. PDS was present within the vessel wall up to 120 days post anastomosis and was certainly intact at the time of morphological healing, suggesting that this material is safe as a microvascular suture.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗