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PubMed1996

The association between secondary amenorrhea and common eating disordered weight control practices in an adolescent population.

PURPOSE: This study examined the relative importance of low weight, in contrast with other symptoms of eating disorder, as a determinant of amenorrhea. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of students at Year 10 (mean age 15.0 years) attending 43 schools in the state of Victoria. Amenorrhea and symptoms of eating disorder were assessed using the Branched Eating Disorders Test, administered through the medium of a notebook computer. RESULTS: The survey response rate was 84% (n = 886). A total of 23% (n = 205) reported either fasting or purging in the previous month. Secondary amenorrhea of at least 3 months duration was reported by 4.1% (n = 35). No statistically significant association was found between amenorrhea and body mass index. In contrast, 40% of amenorrheic subjects reported fasting or purging (P = .03), an association most evident in the heaviest subjects. CONCLUSION: These finding suggests that secondary amenorrhea may develop in normal and above-weight teenagers who engage in eating disordered weight control practices.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Computer system for the acquisition and analysis of vascular contractility. Application to a bioassay of endothelial cell function.

A system for the digital acquisition and subsequent analysis of the tension developed by isolated blood vessels in response to an endothelial cell superfusate is reported. Tension of the isolated rat aortic rings was measured by strain gauge. Strain-gauge output was then amplified, and the analog signal was digitized on a 16-channel A/D board. Lab tech Notebook software was used to display and store the data. The sampling rate was 0.1 Hz, and the data was written concurrently to hard disk and printer. Both disk and printer output were accompanied by a time stamp for subsequent ease of retrieval. The endothelial cell bioassay system allowed measurement of changes in vascular tension after the release of endothelium-dependent relaxing factor, nitric oxide (EDRF-NO) from cultured cells. Cells were cultured on microcarrier beads, formed into columns, and perfused with physiological salt solution. Significant (p < 0.05) relaxant responses occurred after agonist stimulation with bradykinin (10(-8) M; Emax -31.0% +/- 8.2%), acetylcholine (10(-8) M; Emax -33.2% +/- 5.0%), and calcium ionophore A 23187 (10(-6) M; Emax -55.7% +/- 15.4%). These responses were dependent on EDRF-NO, as shown by both the lack of relaxation in the absence of endothelial cells, and that relaxation to A 23187 was overcome by hemoglobin (3 x 10(-6) M). Results were manipulated graphically to allow the superimposition of data and thereby provide a mean and standard error of the mean for the entire time course of each response. Thus, a system was produced where fidelity of data expression was not dependent on measurements made at single points, but on the sampling frequency of the acquisition system.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Implementing a training resource for large-scale genomic data analysis in the All of Us Researcher Workbench.

A lack of representation in genomic research and limited access to computational training create barriers for many researchers seeking to analyze large-scale genetic datasets. The All of Us Research Program provides an unprecedented opportunity to address these gaps by offering genomic data from a broad range of participants, but its impact depends on equipping researchers with the necessary skills to use it effectively. The All of Us Biomedical Researcher (BR) Scholars Program at Baylor College of Medicine aims to break down these barriers by providing early-career researchers with hands-on training in computational genomics through the All of Us Evenings with Genetics Research Program. The year-long program begins with the faculty summit, an in-person computational boot camp that introduces scholars to foundational skills for using the All of Us dataset via a cloud-based research environment. The genomics tutorials focus on genome-wide association studies (GWASs), utilizing Jupyter Notebooks and the Hail computing framework to provide an accessible and scalable approach to large-scale data analysis. Scholars engage in hands-on exercises covering data preparation, quality control, association testing, and result interpretation. By the end of the summit, participants will have successfully conducted a GWAS, visualized key findings, and gained confidence in computational resource management. This initiative expands access to genomic research by equipping early-career researchers from a variety of backgrounds with the tools and knowledge to analyze All of Us data. By lowering barriers to entry and promoting the study of representative populations, the program fosters innovation in precision medicine and advances equity in genomic research.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

The handedness of Leonardo da Vinci: a tale of the complexities of lateralisation.

The handedness of Leonardo da Vinci is controversial. Although there is little doubt that many of his well-attributed drawings were drawn with the left hand, the hatch marks of the shading going downwards from left to right, it is not clear that he was a natural left-hander, there being some suggestion that he may have become left-handed as the result of an injury to his right hand in early adulthood. Leonardo's lateralisation may be illuminated by an obscure passage in his notebooks in which he describes crouching down to look into a dark cave, putting his left hand on his knee, and shading his eyes with his right hand. We carried out a questionnaire survey, using 33 written and photographic items, to find whether this behaviour was typical of right handers or left handers. In fact the 'Leonardo task' showed almost no direct association with handedness, meaning that it contributes little to the immediate problem of elucidating Leonardo's handedness. However, the lateralisation of the task did relate to other aspects of behavioural laterality in surprisingly complex ways. This suggests that individual differences in handedness, and behavioural laterality in general, have a structural complexity which is not fully encompassed by simple measures of direction or degree of handedness.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Kinematic quantitation of the patellar tendon reflex using a tri-axial accelerometer.

We designed a simple procedure based on the angular speed of the knee joint for quantitating the patellar tendon reflex. The angular speed of the knee joint is calculated from acceleration data generated in response to the tapping force applied to the patellar tendon with a customized tendon hammer and measured using a tri-axial accelerometer placed at the ankle joint. Data were collected and processed using a signal analyzer and a notebook PC. The results obtained using standard equipment were similar to those generated by more elaborate devices. For instance, the time delay (29.6+/-6.0 ms) and the acceleration time (150.8+/-19.5 ms) of the speed response were quite constant for all participants within the range of tapping forces normally applied during physical examinations. Representative relationships between the peak tapping force and the peak angular speed also closely fit with the exponential model (the average coefficient of determination, 0.70; range, 0.43-0.97). In contrast, the mean asymptotic value of the peak angular speed (Omega(pas)) was 160+/-67 degrees/s for spastic individuals, compared with only 72+/-21 degrees/s for healthy individuals. The important features of this method are portability, ease of use, and non-constraint of solicited reflex responses.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Efficient determination of low-frequency normal modes of large protein structures by cluster-NMA.

The structure-function relationship is critical to understanding the biologically relevant functions of protein structures. Various experimental techniques and numerical modeling methods, normal mode analysis (NMA) in particular, have been employed to gain insight into this relationship. Experimental methods are often unable to provide all the desired information and comprehensive modeling techniques are often too computationally expensive. The authors build upon and optimize their cluster normal mode analysis (cNMA) tool, which uses embedded rigid-bodies and harmonic potentials to capture the biologically significant, low-frequency, oscillations of protein structures. cNMA represents atomic details with a scalable number of degrees-of-freedom, which can be chosen independent of structure size. This representation overcomes the otherwise quadratic order memory requirements and cubic order computational complexity associated with traditional all-atom NMA. cNMA is two orders of magnitude faster than traditional all-atom NMA when clustering by residue (very high resolution) and in the more traditional application using a fixed number of clusters, cNMA computationally scales as O(n), which is two orders of complexity faster than all-atom NMA. cNMA is presented and very large example structures with up to 10(6) atoms are analyzed on a notebook PC in the time scale of minutes/hours. The resulting mode shapes help identify biologically significant, conformational pathways.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization and mitigation of stray radiofrequency currents during monopolar resectoscopic electrosurgery.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine patterns and range of stray radiofrequency (RF) currents flowing through the working element of monopolar resectoscopes during routine endometrial rollerball ablation or resection; and to determine whether straightforward modifications of the uterine resectoscope and the application of RF monitoring could provide a safe pathway for such currents. DESIGN: Prospective in vivo measurements (Canadian Task Force classification II-1). SETTING: University-affiliated teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Twelve women undergoing resectoscopic surgery. INTERVENTIONS: During routine resectoscopic surgery using 1.5% glycine irrigant solution, three modified 26F Storz resectoscope working elements (model 27070E) were adapted to be continuously monitored with an Encision AEM device for excessive capacitive coupling and other stray currents from insulation failure. Active electrodes used were 3 mm and 5 mm rollberballs and 8 mm-diameter cutting loops powered by ERBE or Valleylab generators at 120 W. Active and working element currents were monitored by Pearson current transformers followed by root-mean-squared detectors based on the Analog Devices AD-637 integrated circuit. Data were recorded using a Fluke 199C oscilloscope, then serially transferred to a notebook computer and analyzed using Flukeview, Excel, and Minitab software. RESULTS: Typical values of working element currents ranged from 0.10 to 0.20 A. Active electrode currents were typically in the range of 0.50 to 1.10 A. Frequently, the working element current exceeded the typical values and ranged up to 0.60 A. These current surges produced a heat factor (I(2)t) of 0.45 A(2).sec in a 10-second period. CONCLUSIONS: During resectoscopic electrosurgery, baseline, most likely capacitive coupled, currents were always present. In addition, high values of working element currents occurred frequently, and they surged up to 0.60 A for significant periods of time. Without the modification of the resectoscopic device, these currents have the capability of flowing through the patient's genital tract and causing burns. Since monopolar electrosurgery remains an integral part of most hysteroscopic procedures, active electrode monitoring may offer a solution in protecting the patient and the surgeon from stray electrosurgical burns.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Increased writing activity in Parkinson's disease: a punding-like behavior?

We report a 32-year-old male patient with early-onset Parkinson's disease who exhibited abnormally increased writing activity. The patient displayed a disabling and pronounced increased writing activity, filling up to 10 pages or more per day in a notebook, and spending more than 12 h writing. In general, there was not much meaning in most of the writing, though there was a particular preference in tabulating the names of various sport and TV personalities. The writing activity gradually diminished following treatment with quetiapine hydrochloride, an anti-psychotic agent, at 25 mg/day. Although the pathophysiological mechanism underlying the increased writing is unclear, we believe it should be regarded as a form of punding or stereotyped behavior that has been suggested to be associated with dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson's disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A database for tracking toxicogenomic samples and procedures.

Reproductive toxicogenomic studies generate large amounts of toxicological and genomic data. On the toxicology side, a substantial quantity of data accumulates from conventional endpoints such as histology, reproductive physiology and biochemistry. The largest source of genomics data is DNA microarrays, which generate enormous amounts of information in the course of profiling gene expression. Thus, data storage and management become essential and require a more sophisticated system than lab notebooks and electronic spreadsheets. We developed a database for tracking toxicogenomic samples and procedures (TSP 1.0) for our reproductive studies based on the MIAME-Tox guidelines and relational database theory. This database stores the various types of data from both toxicological and genomic assays in a hierarchical fashion. The user-friendly interface provides easy procedures for researchers to add, edit, save, delete, and navigate different records. Finally, TSP facilitates exporting microarray data into public databases.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed2005

Does dipyrone have any effect on respiratory function in COPD patients?

OBJECTIVE: Dipyrone (Novalgin) is an effective analgesic, antipyretic agent also with spasmolytic effects on various types of smooth muscles. It has recently been reported that dipyrone relaxes tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pig. In this present study, we aimed to investigate whether this and previously reported in vitro results have any consequences on the respiratory function of normal healthy volunteers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. METHODS: In this one-centered, non-randomized, non-comparative, open labelled study, 15 normal healthy volunteers and 15 stable COPD patients, with partially reversible bronchospasm, diagnosed according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria were enrolled in the study at the time they had any indication of dipyrone use. The spirometric tests were performed by a portable notebook and Medikro Spiro2000 spirometry programme-software 1.6 version, before 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after 20 mg/kg of orally dipyrone intake. Groups were compared with the General Linear Model Repeated Measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: None of the spirometric parameters evaluated showed any significant differences when compared with the baseline values in both groups. CONCLUSION: While dipyrone had no bronchodilator effects on either COPD patients or normal volunteers, it also did not impair the spirometric parameters. Since COPD is a disease characterized by a progressive and largely irreversible airflow limitation, dipyrone has no observable bronchodilator effect. However, since dipyrone does not impair the pulmonary function, it can be used safely in COPD patients when there is an indication.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Solly Zuckerman: the making of a primatological career in Britain, 1925-1945.

Solly Zuckerman's work has been largely dismissed or marginalized by both historians of primatology and primatologists. This paper, using archival and published materials, re-examines both his life and his research into primate sexuality and sociology in the 1920s, endocrinology in the 1930s, and the effects of bomb blast in the 1940s. Despite the many flaws in his work, which is now largely outdated, his career reveals a great deal about the audiences for primatological knowledge in pre-war and wartime Britain; the interlocking circles of the scientific community that impinged on primatology; and competing ideas of what constituted a scientifically correct methodology for the observation of primate behaviour. Also noted is the gap between Zuckerman's self-presentation as the scourge of anthropomorphism and the anthropomorphism of his remarks in private notebooks. Although his work well illustrates familiar themes of patriarchy, military and colonialism in the history of primatology, it also suggests another, underexplored dimension of that science: primatology as an example of cross-species social interaction.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2004

In motion, out of place: the public space(s) of Tourette Syndrome.

According to Doris Humphrey, "Nothing so clearly or inevitably reveals the inner man [sic] than movement and gesture...the moment you move you stand revealed, for good or ill, for what you are" (The dance notebook, 1984). Tourette Syndrome, characterized by motor and vocal tics, elicits stigma for just this reason: the tics and movements it causes have revealed Touretters as something beyond the 'normal.' This paper examines the ways Touretters are perceived and received in public spaces, using published illness narratives and film documentaries to address the question of why the reactions TS invokes are so severe. We will demonstrate how the stigma surrounding the disorder stems from the perception of Touretters as disruptive to the order and health of public spaces. To describe the production of stigma and the violent reactions to TS individuals, we draw upon theories of bodies and performativity from feminist studies, Catherine Waldby's work with the imaginary anatomy, and geographical perspectives on the social construction of space. The geographic studies of space are used to illuminate discussions of people's life experiences by showing how body movements associated with illness produce stigma by transgressing the unwritten codes that govern particular public spaces. Our intention in this paper is not to introduce new empirical data, but rather to analyze the mechanisms of stigma formation produced by the complex relationships between the functioning of social spaces and individuals' experiences of illness.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Historical review: another 50th anniversary--new periodicities in coiled coils.

In 1953, Francis Crick and Linus Pauling both proposed models of supercoiled alpha helices ('coiled coils') for the structure of keratin. These were the first attempts at modelling the tertiary structure of a protein. Crick emphasized the packing mode of the side-chains ('knobs-into-holes'), which required a periodicity of seven residues over two helical turns (7/2) and a supercoil in the opposite sense of the constituent helices. By contrast, Pauling envisaged a broader set of periodicities (4/1, 7/2, 18/5, 15/4, 11/3) and supercoils of both senses. Crick's model became canonical and the 'heptad repeat' essentially synonymous with coiled coils, but 50 years later new crystal structures and protein sequences show that the less common periodicities envisaged by Pauling also occur in coiled coils, adding a variant packing mode ('knobs-to-knobs') to the standard model. Pauling's laboratory notebooks suggest that he searched unsuccessfully for this packing mode in 1953.

Amino Acid Motifs↗
PubMed2006

Model based analysis of piezoelectric transformers.

Piezoelectric transformers are increasingly getting popular in the electrical devices owing to several advantages such as small size, high efficiency, no electromagnetic noise and non-flammable. In addition to the conventional applications such as ballast for back light inverter in notebook computers, camera flash, and fuel ignition several new applications have emerged such as AC/DC converter, battery charger and automobile lighting. These new applications demand high power density and wide range of voltage gain. Currently, the transformer power density is limited to 40 W/cm(3) obtained at low voltage gain. The purpose of this study was to investigate a transformer design that has the potential of providing higher power density and wider range of voltage gain. The new transformer design utilizes radial mode both at the input and output port and has the unidirectional polarization in the ceramics. This design was found to provide 30 W power with an efficiency of 98% and 30 degrees C temperature rise from the room temperature. An electro-mechanical equivalent circuit model was developed to describe the characteristics of the piezoelectric transformer. The model was found to successfully predict the characteristics of the transformer. Excellent matching was found between the computed and experimental results. The results of this study will allow to deterministically design unipoled piezoelectric transformers with specified performance. It is expected that in near future the unipoled transformer will gain significant importance in various electrical components.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Effect of visual display terminal height on the trapezius muscle hardness: quantitative evaluation by a newly developed muscle hardness meter.

The aim of this study was to determine trapezius muscle hardness in 9 healthy volunteers before and after word processing tasks with a video display terminal (VDT) at three different heights. When using a desktop personal computer (PC), no change was observed in muscle hardness even after a 30-min task if a subject was in the reference posture with a declination angle formed by the Reid's line directed toward the upper edge of the PC screen and the horizontal plane within 5-10 degrees. However, an increase in muscle hardness was observed after a 15-min task in a posture of looking up at the screen (angle of elevation: 15-20 degrees) and after a 30-min task in a posture of looking down at the screen (angle of declination: 15-20 degrees). When the same tasks were performed with a notebook PC, muscle hardness increased after 15 min. Fifteen minutes of relaxation exercise reduced the muscle hardness caused by VDT work.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Worry: daily self-report in clinical and non-clinical populations.

The present study establishes an ecologically-valid point of reference for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) treatment outcome studies. Although worry is the main diagnostic criterion for GAD, it is also a common and everyday cognition. Few studies have investigated the normal manifestation of worry in a non-clinical population. For this research, time spent worrying and the tendency to worry were measured in a non-clinical sample (n = 36), where GAD was screened-out, and results were compared to those obtained from a GAD sample (n = 60). Participants recorded the time spent worrying in self-monitoring notebooks for two consecutive weeks and completed the French version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). It was found that the non-GAD group reported less time spent worrying on a daily basis as well as a lower tendency to worry than the GAD group. Results are discussed in terms of treatment implications.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Mobile phone based SCADA for industrial automation.

SCADA is the acronym for "Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition." SCADA systems are widely used in industry for supervisory control and data acquisition of industrial processes. Conventional SCADA systems use PC, notebook, thin client, and PDA as a client. In this paper, a Java-enabled mobile phone has been used as a client in a sample SCADA application in order to display and supervise the position of a sample prototype crane. The paper presents an actual implementation of the on-line controlling of the prototype crane via mobile phone. The wireless communication between the mobile phone and the SCADA server is performed by means of a base station via general packet radio service (GPRS) and wireless application protocol (WAP). Test results have indicated that the mobile phone based SCADA integration using the GPRS or WAP transfer scheme could enhance the performance of the crane in a day without causing an increase in the response times of SCADA functions. The operator can visualize and modify the plant parameters using his mobile phone, without reaching the site. In this way maintenance costs are reduced and productivity is increased.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increases in correct administration of chloroquine in the home and referral of sick children to health facilities through a community-based intervention in Bougouni District, Mali.

Save the Children/USA in collaboration with the Ministry of Health of Mali has established over 300 village drug kits in southern Mali since 1996. A cluster-randomized trial was conducted between November 2001 and February 2002 in 10 health zones of Bougouni District to evaluate an intervention to (i) improve the skills of the village drug kit managers to counsel parents on correct home administration of chloroquine (CQ), and (ii) increase the referral of sick children to community health centres (CHC). Children's carers were interviewed 5 d after the sale of CQ about knowledge of danger signs requiring referral, quality of counselling, administration of CQ, and referral. The intervention was associated with significant increases in knowledge of danger signs requiring referral, reported quality of counselling by the manger of the drug kit, and correct administration of CQ in the home. Parents reported that 42.1% of children in the intervention group were referred to the CHC by the drug kit manager compared with 11.2% in the comparison group (odds ratio = 7.12, 95% CI 2.62-19.38). CHC registers indicated that 87.0% of referrals recorded in drug kit referral notebooks arrived at the health centre. Further research is needed to increase the effectiveness of the counselling and the community referral mechanism tested in this study.

Antimalarials↗