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PubMedDate not supplied

Chondrosarcoma of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx.

Thirteen patients, six men and seven women, were seen at the Mayo Clinic with chondrosarcomas of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, or nasopharynx in a 25-year period. Nasal obstruction, discharge, and bleeding were the major symptoms and a nasal mass was the most common sign. The typical chondrosarcoma is low in grade but malignant and it arises in the nasal cavity as a large, pale, glistening mass. Local excision was employed initially in seven patients and five had local recurrence. Definitive block excision cured four of six patients and the two others had a protracted clinical course and ultimately died of the disease. Long-term follow-up shows that chondrosarcomas are insidious, locally progressive tumors. Radiotherapy, used for palliation after recurrence, failed to produce any cures. Lateral rhinotomy and block excision are advocated as the primary treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

True hemangiopericytoma of the nasal cavity.

Two cases of nasal tumors with pericytic myoid differentiation are reported. The tumors occurred in a 77-year-old woman and a 60-year-old man as polypoid lesions covered by normal mucosa. Histologically, the tumors were composed of uniform short spindle or stellate cells with indistinct cell borders arranged in narrow and short fascicles. Numerous blood vessels of various sizes were common in both cases. The tumor cells of both cases stained intensely with anti-vimentin and anti-actin antibodies, but not with anti-desmin, CD34, or anti-high-molecular-weight caldesmon antibodies. Ultrastructural examination revealed well-developed actin thin filaments with dense bodies, subplasmalemmal plaques, intercellular junctions, and irregular discontinuous basement membranes. These histopathologic features suggest true pericytic differentiation of the tumors (true hemangiopericytoma), unlike soft tissue-type hemangiopericytoma. Generally, sinonasal hemangiopericytomas are subdivided into soft tissue-type hemangiopericytomas and true hemangiopericytomas identical to the cases presented here. Soft tissue-type hemangiopericytomas are frequently highly aggressive, whereas true hemangiopericytomas show localized benign behavior. Sinonasal true hemangiopericytomas should be strictly differentiated from soft tissue-type hemangiopericytomas.

Actins↗

PubMed1990

[Locally invasive oncocytoma of the nasal cavity].

Reported is a nasal oncocytoma with locally invasive properties in a 86 year old man. The tumor was histologically found to consist of cells rich in cytoplasm, with striking eosinophilia, granularity, and predominance of glandular architecture. Electron microscopy revealed typical oncocytes with abundant mitochondria in the cytoplasm, with many of them compressing the nuclei of tumor cells. The tumor reported was distinguished from unambiguously benign oncocytomas by its mitotic activity and locally invasive character. These properties should be noted in histologic diagnosis. Locally delimited but radical tumor removal is the adequate therapy.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1996

[Experience with the clinical use of laser surgery in the nasal cavity].

The authors treated nasal bleedings of various origin, lower turbinate hypertrophy, nasal polyps and rhinolithiasis using different, kinds of surgical lasers for the first time in Hungary. According to their experiences the modern CO2 and Nd-Yag laser with advanced optics are applicable for the purposes of endonasal laser surgery. The use of CO2 laser is indicated for vaporization and cutting of small haemorrhagic areas without strong bleeding, Nd-Yag laser is more suitable for coagulation and vaporization of highly vascularised tissue masses. The, fiber optic introducible into the endoscope makes the Nd-Yag laser useful for almost every endoscopic nasal and paranasal surgery, making simultaneous video-documentation possible. Using lasers combined with endoscopes (in itself or as an independent step of operation) is a method with minimal operational stress and invasivity, which makes effective surgery possible, in many cases as one-day surgery.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Computed axial tomography of the porcine nasal cavity and a morphometric comparison of the nasal turbinates with other visualization techniques.

A non-invasive imaging modality, computed tomography (CT), was used to visualize changes in nasal turbinates of anesthetized pigs over a 12-week observation period (pigs were 14 wk of age at study week 0). Normal, non-infected pigs were compared to pigs with mild challenge-induced atrophic rhinitis (AR) in order to detect subtle differences in morphology. To determine feasibility for time course studies in future experiments, morphometric quantitation at the level of the 2nd premolar (turbinate area ratio or TAR) in cross-section CT images at multiple timepoints was done. Additionally, at study termination, the TAR determined from CT images, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and wet tissue (WT), were compared to each other and to the standard subjective measure, visual scoring. There were no statistically significant differences between the control and AR groups at CT imaging dates of 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 wk (P = 0.182). However, a statistically significant decrease in TAR measurements over time (P = 0.015) was observed in both groups, with lower mean values observed on Weeks 3 and 6 before rebounding to baseline values at study termination. At Week 12 (termination of the study), the TAR measurements derived from CT, MRI, and WT were not statistically different from one another (P = 0.220) and the treatment group-by-method interaction was not significant (P = 0.800). This provided evidence of equivalency of the techniques. Mean values for normal and infected groups were not significantly different based on either TAR imaging methods (P = 0.552) or visual scores (P = 0.088). Thus, the current study demonstrated that CT was an acceptable alternative imaging modality which could be used for quantitation of turbinate changes in snouts of live pigs to provide data comparable to tissue taken at necropsy. Computed tomographic imaging would allow non-invasive tracking of disease or treatment responses within individual animals over time. Morphometric analysis of the TAR was equivalent between the CT, MRI, and WT specimens.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Actinomycosis in otorhinolaryngology. Apropos of a case with localization in the nasal cavity].

The authors report an atypical case of actionomycosis implanted in the nasal cavity and occurring twenty years after septum surgery. Treatment by penicillin and surgical excision gave a good result. Cervicofacial actinomycosis is caused by actinomyctes which usually lives as a saprophyte in the oral cavity. A trauma is often found in the previous history. Diagnosis with tumors and abscess may be difficult. The histopathological examination shows typical aspects of the granuloma (gram+ and Grocott+) and the bacteriological isolation of the germ is difficult to obtain. Penicillin associated with surgical excision is the best therapy, but high doses must be used for a long time. The literature is reviewed without finding such a case.

Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial↗

PubMed2002

Isolated soft tissue cleft lip: the influence on the nasal cavity and supernumerary laterals.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the vertical deviation of the nasal floor and to register dental disturbances (i.e., hypo- and hyperdontia) in patients with an isolated soft tissue cleft lip. DESIGN: Thirty patients with isolated cleft lips were randomly selected from the files of the Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Jaw Orthopedics. As a matched control group, 30 patients were selected from the files of the Department of Orthodontics. Panoramic radiographs were analyzed and the lowest point of the floor of the left and right nasal cavity was measured to the nearest 0.5 mm. The presence of supernumerary (deciduous or permanent) or missing lateral incisors was recorded from the patient's journals. RESULTS: The vertical position of the nasal floor differed significantly between the cleft and the non-cleft side (p < 0.001). Supernumerary, deciduous, and permanent laterals were recorded in 73% of the subjects in the cleft lip group (22 patients). In the control group, no differences were found between the position of the nasal floor on the left and right side and no supernumerary laterals were recorded. Missing laterals were not noted in any of the individuals investigated. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated cleft lips were in most cases associated with: (1) lowering of the nasal floor on the cleft side and (2) supernumerary primary or permanent lateral incisors on the cleft side. Panoramic radiographs can be used to detect differences in the vertical position of the floor of the nasal cavity in patients with isolated cleft lips and to diagnose supernumerary laterals.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Internal dose estimation including the nasal cavity and major airway for continuous inhalation of C15O2, 15O2 and C15O using the thermoluminescent dosimeter method.

UNLABELLED: In the steady state method, 15O-labeled gases (C15O2, 15O2 and C15O) are administered to the body by continuous inhalation in various clinical PET studies. During inhalation, the nasal cavity and major airway may obtain a substantial amount of dose, being the source organs as well as the target organs. The internal absorbed dose to those organs and their contribution to the other target organs have not been calculated by the MIRD method. To calculate the internal dose in the MIRD method, the S values, the absorbed doses per unit of cumulated activities from nasal cavity and major airway to the other organs and vice versa, are needed, and these values are not available. METHODS: In this study, we introduced a mathematical model of the nasal cavity and major airway to calculate their S values to 23 target organs and from 11 source organs to them. Individual experiments were performed to measure the total uptake percentage and body surface doses of 15O-labeled gases from continuous inhalation. RESULTS: Using the body surface doses measured by thermoluminescent dosimeters, the cumulated activities of 11 source organs were estimated with the mathematical transformation method, and then the internal absorbed doses in 23 target organs were calculated by the MIRD method. Our experimental results were compared with the other results, and good agreements were observed. CONCLUSION: Among the target organs, the critical organ is the airway, and the absorbed dose is 2.57 x 10(-2) mGy.MBq-1.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1993

[Chronic diseases of the mucous membrane of maxillary cavities, nasal ducts and ethmoidal cells in the light of endoscopic-radiographic correlations ].

In the material of 124 patients with chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of maxillary cavities, nasal ducts and ethmoidal cells, there was performed a comparative analysis of endoscopic and radiographic examination results. There was shown higher efficacy of endoscopy in revealing multiple changes, especially of polypous hypertrophy of the mucous membrane, in the assessment of nasal concha condition, and of patency of the orifices of maxillary sinuses. Endoscopic-radiographic divergences observed in about 9% of cases are considered by the authors to result from differentiation and equivocal appearance of some radiographic condensations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to the nasal cavity manifested as massive epistaxis: a case report].

Extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not infrequently found during the later stage, regarding that the autopsy report described its prevalence to be up to 50%. The most frequent sites are known to be the abdominal lymph nodes, lung and bone. However, metastasis to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses has been seldom reported, and to out knowledge, there is no Korean report describing extrahepatic metastasis of HCC to these sites. Recently we experienced a case of extrahepatic metastasis of HCC to the nasal cavity in a 50 year-old man with massive epistaxis refractory to conservative treatment. He was found to have a mass of soft tissue attenuation occupying the right nasal cavity at CT, which was biopsy-proven as metastatic HCC. Epistaxis was successfully treated by transcatheter arterial embolization.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

PubMed1982

Inverted papillomas of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Ultrastructural investigations on epithelial-stromal interface.

10 cases of inverted papillomas of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were examined electron microscopically with particular regard to the epithelial-stromal interface. The papilloma cells were clearly demarcated from the stromal tissue by a basement membrane-like material. However, this structure mainly consisted of two or more layers, occasional breaks in the basement membrane were visible. Within the basal epithelial cells resting on the basement membrane accumulations of actin-like microfilaments could sometimes be observed. Furthermore, in the stromal tissue some myofibroblasts were present in the vicinity of the papillomatous cell complexes and capillary vessels also demonstrated several layers of basement membrane. All the changes presented here are considered to be the result of a permanent interaction between aggressive forces of papilloma cells and the defence mechanism of stromal tissue. The results allow the conclusion that inverted papillomas of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are true neoplasms with very low malignancy.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Melanoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus mucosa].

In a group of 15 patients with malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses the place of origin was nasal mucosa in 11 patients, the ethmoid cells in 2 cases and the maxillary sinus in 2 cases. Only 5 patients had tumour limited to infrastructure of the nasomaxillary complex, in 10 patients tumour occupied also suprastructure. Total maxillectomy was performed in 4 patients, partial maxillectomy in 8 patients with orbital exenteration in 3 patients. Of 12 patients operated on three patients died one year, two patients two years and one patient 6 years after surgery. One patient is alive 12 years, three patients are alive three years and one patient is alive one year after surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Malignant tumours of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses in a Melanesian population.

Malignant tumours of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are usually associated with poor prognosis. From 1986 to 1995, 50 such tumours were managed in Papua New Guinea. Twenty-nine of these arose in the maxillary sinus, 15 in the nasal cavity, four in the ethmoid sinus and two in the frontal sinus. Males were more frequently affected than females. No specific carcinogenic factor was apparent in these patients who were uniformly distributed all over the country. Advanced local disease with multiple symptoms and signs was common during presentation. Systemic and neck node metastases were infrequent. Histopathologically, squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest type of tumour. Satisfactory results were obtained by combination therapy consisting of surgery, irradiation, and systemic chemotherapeutics agents. Better health consciousness and health care delivery system are essential for early diagnosis, regular posttreatment follow-up and improved survival of these patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Heat shock protein 70 in the rat nasal cavity: localisation and response to hyperthermia.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of proteins that are rapidly induced in response to physiological stress, including hyperthermia and exposure to toxicants. Thus they may provide a useful index of toxicity in in vitro systems for screening for toxicity. We have recently developed a rat nasal explant system for investigating upper respiratory tract toxicity, and the aims of this study were to localise HSP70 within the rat nasal cavity and to characterise its response to hyperthermia. Constitutively, HSP70 was found to be predominantly localised to the sustentacular cells, basal cells and Bowman's glands of the olfactory epithelium (OE), with the most intense immunohistochemical staining at levels 3 and 4 of the posterior of the rat nasal cavity. Ethmoturbinates (ETs) and liver slices were exposed to heat shock (37 degrees and 43 degrees C, respectively) for 45 min and then returned to normal culture temperatures (31 degrees and 37 degrees C, respectively) for 24 h. In ETs, HSP72 was maximally induced 4-fold at 4 h after heat shock, and levels then returned to those of control tissue. ATP concentrations were markedly decreased up to 4 h after heat shock and then returned to control levels. In contrast, HSP72 levels in liver slices increased and ATP levels decreased steadily throughout the 24 h culture period. ETs were also able to withstand a 45-min heat shock at 43 degrees C, that is 12 degrees C above normal culture temperature. Incubation of ETs with cycloheximide prior to heat shock reduced the ability of the OE to recover from heat shock at 37 degrees C. Thus the OE of the rat nasal cavity expresses HSP72, and this protein appears to play an important role in the ability of the tissue to withstand hyperthermia.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[The effect of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of aspergillosis of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of aspergillosis of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus. METHOD: Fifty four patients with non-allergic fungal sinusitis were included in this study. There were 25 males and 29 females, ranging in age from 26 to 77. All patients were diagnosed and treated with endoscopic technique. Accordingly, the typical clinical symptoms and endoscopic findings were summarized. RESULT: All patients were cured and no one has a recurrence. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic technique can decrease the damage of the operation and shorten the time of diagnosis and treatment, and can reduce the recurrence of this disease. Endoscopic technique is an ideal way of the treatment of aspergillosis of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Anatomy structures of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus on virtual endoscopy and coronal image].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate normal and bony anatomy of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus on the spiral CT virtual endoscopy(VE) and coronal scanning image. METHOD: After patients were scanned on axial or coronal position by spiral CT, data were transferred to workstation. Structures such as ostium-meatal complex(OMC) were viewed by navigator software when threshold was changing. RESULT: Turbinates, meatus and ostium-meatal complex were better viewed by virtual endoscopy compared with by coronal scanning image. To some extent, bony anatomy was clearer. CONCLUSION: Virtual endoscopy is of value in realizing characteristics of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus anatomy.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Inverted papilloma of the nasal cavity presenting with massive amounts of squamous metaplastic cells in sputum. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Squamous metaplasic cells are rarely seen in sputum of female nonsmokers. CASE: A 47-year-old female nonsmoker presented with massive amounts of squamous metaplasic cells in sputum and an elevated level of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen in serum present for months, while no causative lesion was detected either by lung computed tomography or bronchoscopy. The patient was eventually diagnosed as having inverted papilloma in the right nasal cavity. Resection of the tumor brought about disappearance of squamous metaplastic cells in sputum and return of serum SCC antigen to the normal range. CONCLUSION: This case clearly demonstrates that squamous metaplastic cells in sputum can originate in lesions in the nasal cavity, although they are rare. It should be kept in mind that the nasal cavity is a potential site producing squamous metaplastic cells in sputum.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

PubMed1986

Miniature battery foreign bodies in auditory and nasal cavities.

A series of cases involving button batteries lodged in the ear or nasal cavity is presented. All produced tissue destruction. Injuries were generally severe, and included tympanic membrane perforation (three patients) or total destruction (three), marked necrosis of dermis of the external ear canal with exposed bone (seven), documented further impairment of hearing (three), destruction of ossicles (two), facial nerve paralysis and chondritis (one), nasal septal perforation (one), and superficial burns of nasal mucosa (one). Otic and nasal drops must be withheld as they provide an external electrolyte bath for the battery, enhancing leakage and generation of an external current, with subsequent tissue electrolysis and hydroxide formation. Instead, batteries lodged in the ear or nose must be removed promptly.

Aged↗