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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Inhibitory effect of pollen and propolis extracts.

Bee pollen and propolis were collected from Apis mellifera colonies in five regions of Turkey. The antifungal properties of methanol extracts of pollen and propolis (2% and 5% concentrations) were determined on Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. melonis. The least active concentration towards the tested fungi was 2% concentration of both extracts. The inhibitory effect of all propolis extracts on growth of F. oxysporium and A. alternata were generally higher when compared with pollen extracts. The growth of A. alternata and F. oxysporium were not affected at both concentrations of pollens. However, F. oxysporium against propolis extracts was more sensitive than A. alternata (P < 0.01). None of the pollen extracts tested completely inhibited mycelial growth of fungi used in our experiment. Percent inhibition of both pollen concentrations against A. alternata and F. oxysporium was lower than 50%. However, both concentrations of Alanya and Beyşehir propolis extracts were 100% effective on mycelial growth of F. oxysporium until the 7th day of incubation (P < 0.01). 2% Alanya and Beyşehir pollen extracts completely stimulated mycelial growth of F. oxysporium on the 7th day of incubation. Both concentrations of propolis extract showed more than 50% inhibition against E. oxysporium. It is suggested that high concentrations ofpropolis extract could be used as an antifungal agent against tested fungi.

Alternaria↗
PubMed2004

In vitro availability of minerals of some tropical and citrus fruits as influenced by antinutritional factors.

Four tropical fruits and three citrus fruits were analyzed for moisture, ash, antinutritional factors (phytate, oxalate, and polyphenols) contents, and total and available minerals. Moisture contents ranged from 6.0 to 83.17% for tropical fruits while that of citrus fruits ranged from 88.20 to 89.50%. Ash contents ranged from 2.56 to 4.50% and from 3.83 to 4.83%, for tropical and citrus fruits, respectively. All fruits contained no oxalate while phytate and polyphenols ranged from 48.1 to 134.1 mg/ 100 g and from 0.115 to 0.34%, respectively. For all fruits major minerals contents ranged from 7.7 to 433.3 while trace ones ranged from 0.116 to 1.91 mg/100 g. In vitro availabilities of major minerals (% of total) varied from 11.1 to 86.2% while for minor ones it ranged from 13 to 72.5%.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed2004

Critical Flicker Fusion Threshold in patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

BACKGROUND: Critical Flicker Fusion Threshold (CFFT) is a psychophysical threshold and in psychological terms is regarded as a measure of information processing capacity. The test has previously been shown to be a valid and reliable measure of CNS functioning in patients with Alzheimer's disease and may be a useful as a screening measure for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: Consecutive referrals to the Wakefield Memory Clinic who met DSM-IV criteria for AD or vascular dementia (VaD) were invited to take part in the study. A range of neuropsychological tests and CFFT were administered to the two groups using standardised protocols and the ability of these various tests to distinguish between the two conditions was investigated. RESULTS: Forty-six patients were included in the study. Of the various tests, only the descending component of CFFT and word fluency were significantly different in the two groups. In addition, the descending threshold had a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 69%. CONCLUSION: CFFT could be useful as a screening instrument for early AD when combined with other measures and could facilitate the decision to commence antidementia treatment at an early stage. Further longitudinal work is needed to establish this.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Psychotropic drug use in older people with mental illness with particular reference to antipsychotics: a systematic study of tolerability and use in different diagnostic groups.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to provide observational clinical data on psychotropic drugs used in older people with mental illness. METHODS: This was an observational, single-centre, one-week prevalence study of psychiatric symptoms, disorders and psychotropic drug use in older with mental illness cared for by the South West people Yorkshire Mental Health NHS Trust (Wakefield Locality), UK. The clinical assessment included completion of the Psychosis Evaluation Tool for Common use by Caregivers. RESULTS: A total of 593/660 older patients with mental illness (mean +/- SD age, 76 +/- 8.1 years were assessed. 44.5% had dementia (excluding vascular dementia) and 33.7% had a mood disorder. Of the total, 20.4% did not receive CNS active medication. Of those receiving CNS active medication approximately half (51.3%) took antipsychotics and 46.2% antidepressants. Of 304 patients taking antipsychotics, 87% took only one medication. However, patients with schizophrenia and related disorders were significantly more likely to be prescribed two or more antipsychotics (p < 0.001). Risperidone was the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic (n = 136, 44.7%). Risperidone doses were significantly lower for patients with dementia and mood disorders than with schizophrenia (p < 0.002). Side-effects from antipsychotics were significantly greater in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting a dose-related effect. Risperidone appeared to be well tolerated in all patients with no evidence of cerebrovascular side-effects in patients taking it. CONCLUSIONS: Psychotropic drugs were commonly used by older people in contact with mental health services. The doses of antipsychotics used in dementia and affective disorders were significantly lower than in schizophrenia. Risperidone was the most commonly used drug in all diagnostic groups including dementia. Despite a relatively large numbers of patients receiving risperidone in this naturalistic study, no serious side-effects were reported or identified. In this paper we focus our findings on antipsychotics in the light of recent advice from the Committee on Safety of Medicines (UK).

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1988

Sleep apnea following withdrawal of amitriptyline.

A 41-year-old man developed sleep apnea following abrupt cessation of amitriptyline. Cessation of antidepressants may result in excessive release of acetylcholine, which increases REM sleep. This in turn increases disordered breathing time and decreases nocturnal oxygenation. Sleep apnea did not recur when amitriptyline was reinstated and later gradually discontinued.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Nonlinear kinetics of trimipramine in depressed patients.

An increase of the dose of trimipramine (TM) results in a markedly disproportionate increase of the steady-state plasma concentration of the major active metabolite desmethyltrimipramine (DMT). Ten patients receiving 75 mg/day of TM had a mean steady-state plasma concentration of 53.8 ng/ml TM and 26.3 ng/ml DMT. Ten others receiving 150 ng/ml TM had a mean concentration of 122.5 ng/ml TM and 133.8 ng/ml DMT. This is most likely due to the saturation within therapeutic dosage range of the subspecies of cytochrome P-450 responsible for hydroxylation of DMT. Available data on metabolism of tricyclic antidepressants shows that the hydroxylation of desmethylimipramine (desipramine) but not that of desmethylamitriptyline (nortriptyline) reaches saturation within therapeutic dosage range. Clinicians should take into consideration the possibility of dose-dependent kinetics when adjusting the dose of tricyclic antidepressants. This finding highlights the value of monitoring of blood levels of antidepressants.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of a new vancomycin dosing method.

Thirty-one patients who were prescribed vancomycin therapy at our institution since January 1, 1986, were dosed using the guidelines as described by Lake and Peterson. Peak and trough vancomycin serum concentrations were measured at steady state: 24 (77%) peak serum concentrations were within the range of 20-30 mg/L, and 24 (77%) trough serum concentrations were within the range of 5-10 mg/L. We have found that the method of Lake and Peterson is satisfactory for initiating vancomycin therapy in most patients. Some, however, may not achieve optimal serum concentrations using these guidelines alone, and their regimens may have to be adjusted based upon actual serum concentration data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis in children.

PURPOSE: Ceftriaxone is known to induce reversible precipitations, known as pseudolithiasis, in the gallbladder and urinary tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and predisposing factors that contribute to this side effect. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in 156 children admitted for the treatment of various infections with different daily ceftriaxone doses (50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg). Sonographic examinations of the gallbladder and urinary tract were performed before treatment on the third and seventh day of therapy, and at the first and second month after the end of treatment. Patients with positive findings were followed with weekly sonographic examinations until the abnormality resolved. RESULTS: Abnormal gallbladder sonograms were demonstrated in 27 children (17%); 16 of them (10%) had gallbladder lithiasis, 11 had gallbladder sludge (7%) (n = 4 on the third day, n = 23 on the seventh day), and 1 developed urolithiasis (0.6%). Five children (19%) were symptomatic. The abnormalities resolved after a mean of 16 days (range 10-30 days). Patients with pseudolithiasis were older and treated with higher drug doses than those with normal sonographic findings (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Biliary pseudolithiasis (and infrequently nephrolithiasis) usually occurs in children receiving high doses of ceftriaxone. It is generally asymptomatic. When this reversible complication becomes symptomatic, unnecessary cholecystectomy should be avoided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

Experimental validation of noninvasive referencing in navigated procedures on long bones.

Navigation procedures in orthopedic surgery require fixation of reference markers to the anatomic region of interest. Inadequate fixation might lead to micromotion or loosening of the reference marker, consequently causing registration failures or errors in navigation. Osseous rigid fixation is usually achieved by minimally invasive Schanz screws or pins. The goal of this study was to evaluate a non invasive external fixation device, a headband so far used in cranial navigation, as an alternative invasive fixation technique to reference markers in the femur. A common navigation system with an adapted trauma software application was used to track the positions of the soft tissue-attached headband relative to an invasive reference marker on the femur during manipulations of the thigh. Relative translative and rotational movements of the headband were measured during defined movements of the hip and knee and manipulations of the headband itself. The results revealed high translative and rotational movements, up to 6 mm and 3 degrees , respectively, due to minor manipulations of the affected lower extremity. Noninvasive soft tissue fixation with a headband does not allow rigid fixation for accurate navigated registration or operative procedures at the femur. Necessary intraoperative movements or manipulations would cause substantial registration failures. Invasive fixation techniques with screws or pins are still the method of choice.

Bone Screws↗
PubMed2004

Determination of fungicide residues in fruits by coupled-column liquid chromatography.

Coupled-column liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was applied to the determination of o-phenylphenol and bitertanol residues in orange and banana fruits. After extraction with a mixture of acetone, dichloromethane-petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate, an extract aliquot of 100 microL was injected directly without any additional clean-up into the chromatographic system using two reversed phase C18 coupled columns. The LC-LC approach allowed automated sample clean up of the vegetal extracts, leading to a simple and rapid analytical procedure, with limits of quantification between 0.01 and 0.05 mg kg(-1). Recovery experiments performed on orange and banana samples fortified at different concentrations (0.01 - 4 mg kg(-1)) gave average recoveries between 70 and 113% with relative standard deviations lower than 15%. The procedure developed was finally applied to orange and banana samples from different geographical locations and the results were confirmed by GC-MS.

Biphenyl Compounds↗
PubMed2004

Biological natural retting for determining the hierarchical structuration of banana fibers.

Extraction processes of natural fibers can be performed by different procedures that include mechanical, chemical and biological methods. Each method presents different advantages or drawbacks according to the amount of fiber produced or the quality and properties of fiber bundles obtained. In this study, biological natural retting was satisfactorily used for obtaining banana fibers from plant bunches. However, the most important contribution of this work refers to the description of the hierarchical microstructural ordering present in banana fiber bundles in both bundle surface and inner region. The chemical composition of banana fiber bundles has been evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy. Through exposure time, the fiber bundle configuration presents small variations in composition. The main changes are related to hemicellulose and pectins as they conform the outer walls of the bundle. Hierarchical helicoidal ordering in the bundle surface as well as orientation on the longitudinal axis of the bundle were observed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for 3-4 microm surface fibers and 10-15 microm inner elementary fibers, respectively. With increasing exposure time, fiber bundle walls lose integrity, as reflected in their mechanical behavior.

Biological Products↗
PubMed2007

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a patient with dyskeratosis congenita after conditioning with low-dose cyclophosphamide and anti-thymocyte globulin.

Bone marrow failure is the major cause of early mortality in patients with dyskeratosis congenita (DC); early trials with conventional conditioning regimens were associated with remarkable chronic morbidity and mortality, and the optimal conditioning regimen for these patients remains undetermined. We report a case of a child afflicted with DC who underwent related full HLA-matched stem cell transplant (SCT) using a regimen of low dose cyclophosphamide and antithymocyte globulin (ATG). The regimen was well tolerated and associated with no significant short-term toxicity.

Antilymphocyte Serum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Composition of volatiles of banana cultivars from Madeira Island.

The composition of the volatiles of banana fruit from various cultivars grown on Madeira Island has been determined. Using GC-MS, the volatiles were shown to be complex mixtures of several classes of components, mainly esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and acids. The average contents of the total volatiles from cultivars "Dwarf Cavendish", "Giant Cavendish", "Robusta" and "Williams" were 93.0, 116.5, 157.3 and 157.0 mg/kg, respectively. The ester and alcoholic fractions appear to play a decisive role in the organoleptic characteristics of banana fruit, presenting a substantial content ranging from 57.2 to 89.8 mg/ kg and 19.0 to 47.7 mg/kg, respectively, in all cultivars from Madeira Island studied. 3-Methyl butyl butanoate ester was the major constituent.

Acids↗