Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Multicolor”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Multicolor karyotyping in acute myeloid leukemia.

Cytogenetic data have significantly contributed to our understanding of the heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In AML, numerous recurrent chromosomal aberrations have been identified, and several of them, e.g. t(8;21)(q22;q22), t(15;17)(q22;q11-12), inv(16)(p13q22), are specific for distinct subgroups. Furthermore, chromosomal aberrations have proved to be of paramount prognostic importance for remission induction and survival. Chromosome analysis using classical cytogenetic banding techniques often fails to completely resolve complex karyotypes and cryptic translocations not identifiable by these techniques have been detected using molecular cytogenetic methods. While fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has become an indispensable tool for screening and follow-up of known aberrations, the techniques of spectral karyotyping (SKY) and multiplex-fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) allow for the simultaneous visualization of all chromosomes of a metaphase in a single hybridization step, and thereby enable screening for the aberrations present without their prior knowledge. Therefore, with the introduction of these techniques in 1996 the comprehensive analysis of complex karyotypes and the identification of new, hitherto cryptic translocations and, ultimately, the identification of new disease subgroups seemed possible. Since, more than 600 cases of AML and MDS have been analyzed. Herein, we attempt to summarize the data published and discuss what has been achieved towards realization of these goals.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Distinct membrane domains on endosomes in the recycling pathway visualized by multicolor imaging of Rab4, Rab5, and Rab11.

Two endosome populations involved in recycling of membranes and receptors to the plasma membrane have been described, the early and the recycling endosome. However, this distinction is mainly based on the flow of cargo molecules and the spatial distribution of these membranes within the cell. To get insights into the membrane organization of the recycling pathway, we have studied Rab4, Rab5, and Rab11, three regulatory components of the transport machinery. Following transferrin as cargo molecule and GFP-tagged Rab proteins we could show that cargo moves through distinct domains on endosomes. These domains are occupied by different Rab proteins, revealing compartmentalization within the same continuous membrane. Endosomes are comprised of multiple combinations of Rab4, Rab5, and Rab11 domains that are dynamic but do not significantly intermix over time. Three major populations were observed: one that contains only Rab5, a second with Rab4 and Rab5, and a third containing Rab4 and Rab11. These membrane domains display differential pharmacological sensitivity, reflecting their biochemical and functional diversity. We propose that endosomes are organized as a mosaic of different Rab domains created through the recruitment of specific effector proteins, which cooperatively act to generate a restricted environment on the membrane.

Androstadienes↗
PubMed1987

Mean transit time measurement by analysis of a single stool after ingestion of multicolored plastic pellets.

Mean transit time (MTT) was measured in 12 females and served as a standard to evaluate the validity of different methods of estimating transit by analysis of a single stool (SST). Each subject consumed three different fiber supplements and a low-fiber control for 14-d periods. On days 4-8 of each period, subjects were given 20 plastic pallets, which varied in color each day. SST was calculated using from two to five sets of colored pellets and different criteria for designation of the stool to be analyzed were compared. Results indicate that the following modifications in the SST method originally proposed by Cummings and Wiggins will result in improved prediction of MTT: 1) Increase the days of dosing from 3 to 6.2) Collect for study the first stool passed 3 h after the last dosing. 3) Include all pellets identified in the selected stool in the SST calculation.

Defecation↗
PubMed1993

Chromosomal bar codes produced by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization with multiple YAC clones and whole chromosome painting probes.

Colored chromosome staining patterns, termed chromosomal 'bar codes' (CBCs), were obtained on human chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with pools of Alu-PCR products from YAC clones containing human DNA inserts ranging from 100 kbp to 1 Mbp. In contrast to conventional G- or R-bands, the chromosomal position, extent, individual color and relative signal intensity of each 'bar' could be modified depending on probe selection and labeling procedures. Alu-PCR amplification products were generated from 31 YAC clones which mapped to 37 different chromosome bands. For multiple color FISH, Alu-PCR amplification products from various clones were either biotinylated or labeled with digoxigenin. Probes from up to twenty YAC clones were used simultaneously to produce CBCs on selected human chromosomes. Evaluation using a cooled CCD camera and digital image analysis confirmed the high reproducibility of the bars from one metaphase spread to another. Combinatorial FISH with mixtures of whole chromosomes paint probes was applied to paint seven chromosomes simultaneously in different colors along with a set of YAC clones which map to these chromosomes. We discuss the potential to construct analytical chromosomal bar codes adapted to particular needs of cytogenetic investigations and automated image analysis.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed2004

Phytophagous preferences of the multicolored Asian lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) for autumn-ripening fruit.

The objective of this study was to assess the potential pest status of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) on autumn-ripening fruit. In autumn, H. axyridis has been observed feeding on pumpkins, apples, grapes, and raspberries in Minnesota. To determine whether H. axyridis can inflict primary feeding damage to fruit (i.e., breaking the skin of the fruit), we conducted laboratory feeding experiments with undamaged pumpkins, apples, grapes, and raspberries. The only fruit that H. axyridis was able to damage directly was raspberry. Laboratory choice tests were conducted to determine whether H. axyridis exhibits a preference between damaged and undamaged fruit, between cultivars of fruit, and between sugar water and water alone. For all fruits tested, H. axyridis showed a preference for damaged fruits over undamaged fruits. H. axyridis also exhibited a strong preference for sugar water over water alone. However, few differences were exhibited in preference between cultivars of fruit. In autumn, it seems that H. axyridis is an opportunist, taking advantage of previously damaged fruit, caused by other agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A streamlined mutation detection system: multicolor post-PCR fluorescence labeling and single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis by capillary electrophoresis.

Effective use of knowledge of human genome sequences in studies of hereditary diseases or cancer heavily depends on efficient methods for detection of mutations in individual samples. We describe here a simple and efficient mutation scanning system in which PCR products are post-labeled with two different fluorescent dyes in one tube, and analyzed by an automated capillary electrophoresis system using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) conditions (PLACE-SSCP). With the appropriate use of an internal control DNA, differences in electrophoretic mobilities between a reference and samples are precisely evaluated, then the presence of mutations is statistically judged. Thirty-three of 34 known mutations in fragments of three unrelated sequence contexts up to 741 bp were detected using one electrophoresis condition at the confidence level of <0.3% false positive. All the mutations were detected by analyzing at two temperatures. The described system has the advantage of little human intervention, short analysis time, high sensitivity, and objectivity of data interpretation.

Automation↗
PubMed2004

Spatiotemporal discrete multicolor solitons.

We have found various families of two-dimensional spatiotemporal solitons in quadratically nonlinear waveguide arrays. The families of unstaggered odd, even, and twisted stationary solutions are thoroughly characterized and their stability against perturbations is investigated. We show that the twisted and even solitons display instability, while most of the odd solitons show remarkable stability upon evolution.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Stable multicolor periodic-wave arrays.

We study the existence and stability of periodic-wave arrays propagating in uniform quadratic nonlinear media and discover that they become completely stable above a threshold light intensity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example in physics of completely stable periodic-wave patterns propagating in conservative uniform media supporting bright solitons.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Multicolored coherent population trapping in a system using phase modulated fields.

We demonstrate the simultaneous occurrence of coherent population trapping at a series of frequencies separated by modulation frequency of phase-modulated fields. The two arms of the system are coupled to two phase-modulated fields and the response of the atomic system to such fields is calculated nonperturbatively. A judicious choice of modulation characteristics allows one to selectively switch on or off the occurrence of coherent population trapping at specific frequencies. A new technique is developed to compute two-dimensional tridiagonal matrix equations. This generalized technique provides the vital methodology needed to calculate the response of such systems in the strong modulation regime and for arbitrary field strengths.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Simultaneous multicolor detection system of the single-molecular microbial antigen with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.

Immunological diagnostic methods have been widely performed and showed high performance in molecular and cellular biology, molecular imaging, and medical diagnostics. We have developed novel methods for the fluorescent labeling of several antibodies coupled with fluorescent nanocrystal QDs. In this study we demonstrated that two bacterial toxins, diphtheria toxin and tetanus toxin, were detected simultaneously in the same view field of a cover slip by using directly QD-conjugated antibodies. We have succeeded in detecting bacterial toxins by counting luminescent spots on the evanescent field with using primary antibody conjugated to QDs. In addition, each bacterial toxin in the mixture can be separately detected by single excitation laser with emission band pass filters, and simultaneously in situ pathogen quantification was performed by calculating the luminescent density on the surface of the cover slip. Our results demonstrate that total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) enables us to distinguish each antigen from mixed samples and can simultaneously quantitate multiple antigens by QD-conjugated antibodies . Bioconjugated QDs could have great potentialities for in practical biomedical applications to develop various high-sensitivity detection systems.

Antigens↗
PubMed2005

Characterizing CD43 expression in haematogones using multicolor flow cytometric analysis.

Haematogones are precursor B cells commonly detected in small numbers in the bone marrow. Morphologically, haematogones can mimic lymphoblasts and are best distinguished using multicolour flow cytometry with antibody combinations. Haematogones show characteristic and reproducible patterns of antigen expression representing the B-cell maturation sequence. CD43 expression, widely seen in haematopoietic elements, has not been well characterized in haematogones. We demonstrate that CD43 is consistently expressed in haematogones in a reproducible pattern similar to that of CD10 when combined with CD20. We propose that in combination with other markers, CD43 can be useful in the identification of haematogones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Effectiveness of prenatal chromosomal analysis using multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridisation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of multicolour fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis in routine prenatal diagnosis. DESIGN: Prospective study. SAMPLE: 3,203 amniotic fluid samples. METHODS: Unique DNA (chromosomes 13 and 21) and alpha satellite centromeric-specific (chromosomes X, Y and 18) probes were used in two mixes to permit the simultaneous analysis of several chromosomes. The performance of multicolour FISH and conventional cytogenetic analysis was compared. RESULTS: Conventional cytogenetic analysis identified 111 chromosomal abnormalities, of which 94 were potentially detectable by the FISH technique and 97 would be typically associated with neonatal phenotypic abnormalities. Multicolour FISH analysis detected 84% (93/111) of all chromosome abnormalities and 99% (93/94) of abnormalities where there was a specific probe. The sensitivity of multicolour FISH analysis was 95% (92/97) for chromosomal abnormalities likely to result in an abnormal postnatal outcome. Multiple ultrasound abnormalities were detected in all five cases of clinically relevant chromosomal abnormalities missed by multicolour FISH. FISH results were available within 48 hours and the sample failure rate was 0 x 1% (3/3,202). CONCLUSION: Multicolour FISH analysis is a sensitive and reliable technique for the rapid prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities. Examining only five chromosomes allowed 95% of clinically relevant chromosomal abnormalities to be diagnosed correctly. As routine antenatal screening is targeted at the major autosomal trisomies and sex chromosome aneuploidies, multicolour FISH analysis may potentially replace conventional cytogenetic analysis in routine prenatal diagnosis.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed2001

Novel surface and multicolor charge coupled device-based fluorescent imaging system for DNA microarrays.

We report a novel support, concomitant attachment chemistry, and a fluorescent imaging system for DNA microarrays. The support consists of soda lime glass coated with a layer of chromium, which eliminates any autofluorescence from the underlying glass substrate and reduces nonspecific probe binding. Attachment of DNA fragments exceeding 300 nucleotides in length is achieved without chemical modifications of either the chrome surface or the DNA itself. The charge coupled device (CCD)-based imaging system employs a 175 W xenon arc lamp as the light source, allowing the use of many different fluorophors. A 14 mm x 9 mm sample area is imaged with a single exposure, which takes between 5 and 20 s for each color plane in typical genomic comparative genomic hybridization type assays. The spatial resolution is limited only by the pixel size of the CCD chip (9 microm). The oblique illumination geometry combined with effective background reduction afforded by the chromium surface enables the system to achieve a detection limit of <5 x 10(7) fluorophors/cm(2) with 10 s integration. In a model system with arrayed lambda DNA targets a dose response was observed over four orders of magnitude in response to hybridizations with increasing amounts of the fluorescent labeled lambda probe.

Escherichia coli↗