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The authors evaluated distribution of technogenic isotope cesium-137 and natural radionuclides (radium-226, thorium-232 and kalium-40) in bottom sediments of water ecosystem in Moscow region. Radiation parameters of the sediments appeared to be similar to background values of soils and grounds in the region.
Analysis of lung cancer incidence in Moscow residents shows that of late the rise in the incidence has occurred only in absolute number. Intensive rates remain stable. The number of cases in the age groups 1-59, 60-69 and 70 years and older is approximately the same. Of all the patients who need treatment annually, it is provided to one-third of them and surgical treatment to 16-18%. The percentage of operable cancer patients drops with age. Basing on his own 10-year surgical experience, the author thinks it proper to rise surgical activity in the elderly patients.
When the opportunity arose for a one-month stay in Moscow, the author, a school nurse from Maryland, found much to share with her counterpart at an English-language school. Besides the inevitable similarities, the Russian nurse and the American discovered wide differences in their duties, reflecting the differences between our health care systems.
Analysis of the 4-10-aged children habitus (above 8,000 persons) in Moscow from 60-th to nowadays shows the growth acceleration from middle 60th to 70th, and then, from 80th to nowadays, significant decreasing of growth parameters.
The authors provide the results of a prospective study carried out for almost 10 years among men who underwent screenings in 1975-1977 at an age of 40-59 years in Moscow and Leningrad (overall 6431 persons) with a purpose of analyzing potential causes of high risk of death from coronary heart disease in a group of subjects with hypocholesterolemia. Based on a mathematical-statistical analysis, variants of the interpretations of the indicated fact are presented.
Actual nutrition of pupils of Moscow general education schools were studied. Comprehensive studies results gave the basis for hygienic recommendations aimed at the improvement of diet and health status of pupils.
Eleven virus strains isolated from poliomyelitis patients in Moscow in 1973-1986 were analyzed by the method of oligonucleotide mapping of RNA. The genome of the isolates showed considerable similarity to the genomes of Sabin's vaccine strains and mainly to the vaccine strain of antigenic type 2. The conclusion was made that the sporadic cases of poliomyelitis registered in this region were etiologically linked with the vaccine strains of poliomyelitis virus. Only in one case the disease appeared in the recipient of the vaccine, in all other cases the patients were infected through contacts.
This is an overview about the work of the Central Scientific Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Moscow, with special attention of hepatology. The speak goes about Delta hepatitis in Soviet Union, results of hepatoprotective treatment in experimental animals and in patients, and others.
A population survey of 6.990 males 40--59 years of age living in Moscow and Leningrad was conducted to determine the level of lipids in blood plasma by means of automatic standard biochemical methods. Curves were built of the distribution of the concentration of total cholesterol, triglycerides and alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol, and the average content, the upper levels of the norm (and the lower level of the norm for alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol too) were determined from them. The average content of total cholesterol was 217 mg/100 ml, that of triglycerides 100 mg/100 ml, and that of alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol 50 mg/100 ml. The upper norm levels for total and alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol found by cutting off 10% of the higher values were 270 and 75 mg/100 ml, respectively; the upper norm level for triglycerides (cutting off 5% of the higher values) was 250 mg/100 ml. The lower norm level for alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol (cutting off 10% of the lower values) was 35 mg/100 ml.
The quality of medical care provided especially to patients with arterial hypertension employed in three industrial plants (ZIL Automobile Works, Moscow, Mytishchi Machine Works, and Skoda Works, Plzen, Czechoslovakia) was investigated in random samples of male and female employees aged 35-64 years. The lowest prevalence of hypertension (AH) was found in Skoda Works (26.4 +/- 1.3%). A standardized cooperative epidemiological study detected a low percentage of treated AH cases and insufficient efficacy of treatment in all three plants, especially among young male hypertensives. The epidemiological status of AH in the ZIL and Mytishchi Works was less favourable compared with that in Skoda Works. Epidemiological data represent an indispensable basis for developing a scientific approach to primary and secondary prevention of AH.
Feces samples received from 438 children, aged 1 month to 10 years, from Moscow who were admitted to hospital in June-August 1989 for acute intestinal disease, were examined for cryptosporidium oocysts. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 16 samples (8 boys and 8 girls), which accounted for 3.65%. The smears were stained by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique, concentration methods were not applied.
An analysis was made of geographical structure of women in childbirth from other towns who were admitted to maternity homes of Moscow during a year. Regions and districts were identified from which the flow of women was the greatest, a comparison was made with the number of deliveries in each region and also with educational level of women in these regions.
In the studied period (1973-1987) the lung carcinoma morbidity rate among females of Moscow, in general intensive indices (per 100,000 females), showed a tendency to reduce (18.4 in 1973 and 15.1 in 1987). A reverse tendency is mostly encountered in other countries. More than half of patients with lung carcinoma were over 70 years of age. The ratio of males with lung carcinoma to that of females grew from 3.0:1.0 in 1973-1977 to 3.6:1.0 in 1983-1987. In the period from 1979 to 1988, 380 females suffering from carcinoma of the lung were hospitalized to the thoracic department of the clinic. Operations were performed on 215 of them, 174 of the operations were radical. The ratio of operated on males to females was 7.4:1.0. The frequency of central carcinoma among females was 28.8%, which was half that among males (56%). The number of operations according to volume was as follows: pulmonectomy 37, lob- and bilobectomy 119, wedge resection 18. More than half of the female patients had the glandular form of lung carcinoma and its incidence was 3-5 times that among males who were operated on (10-15%). According to the authors, the principal etiological factors are smoking, a history of another malignant tumor, and the exogenous effect of the consequences of urbanization.
The article provides an evaluation of activities of consulting and diagnostic centres (CDC) which operate on the basis of Moscow multi-disciplinary hospitals. The existence of CDC oriented towards secondary (after screening at polyclinics and according to their referrals) screening of patients in accordance with in-depth programme and provision of consultations is justified and permits to raise the quality of medical care for the population.
The seasonal dynamics of allergenic mite quantity in house dust of three model apartments in Moscow has been observed during three years. Two periods of increase in mites' quantity have been revealed: wintry and summer-autumnal. Mite breeding takes place both in winter and in summer-autumnal period. The quantity variations of allergenic mites are cyclic and have individual traits peculiar to each population of these mites.
There is a wide and strong allergenic background in Moscow, which is determined by relatively high population density and regular frequency of the allergenic mites in various premises. 34 species have been identified, 5 of them are allergen producers. The mites of the family Pyroglyphidae are the main component of the house dust fauna. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae distributed all over the world are predominate. A comparative evaluation of the fauna structure, numbers and frequency of the allergenic mites in the flat dust of the allergic patients and healthy people as well as premises is given. Possible importance of the premises in prevalence and circulation of the allergenic mites in the modern town is estimated for the first time.
The main results of the work of the Moscow emergency care station under conditions of zone principle of medical care delivery are presented. An evaluation is provided of medicosocial and economic effects of emergency care station performance under new conditions. The ways for further improvement of management of emergency care service are defined.
The incidence of malignant melanoma of the skin in Moscow in 1983-1987 was studied. The average age-standardized index for the 5 years was 2.3% for males and 3.2% for females. The cumulative risk of the disease by the age of 75 years was 0.25% for males and 0.32% for females. The likelihood of skin melanoma development in each five-year age bracket appeared different and was characterized by a complex curve suggesting several etiologically heterogeneous forms of the disease.