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PubMed1979

Prophylactic doxycycline for travelers' diarrhea: results of a prospective double-blind study of Peace Corps volunteers in Morocco.

A second randomized double-blind study to determine the efficacy of doxycycline, 100 mg daily, for the prevention of travelers' diarrhea was carried out among 50 Peace Corps Volunteers during their first 10 wk in Morocco. The volunteers took either doxycycline or placebo for 3 wk, and were observed for an additional 7 wk. Eleven of 24 taking the placebo and 2 of 26 taking doxycycline had travelers' diarrhea during the treatment period (P less than 0.01). One week after cessation of the doxycycline, however, persons in that group developed an increase in frequency of travelers' diarrhea (P less than 0.05) so that by 3 wk after the drug was stopped, there were no differences between groups. Enterotoxigenic E. coli, most of which were sensitive to doxycycline, were the most frequently isolated pathogens during the entire study. This study corroborates the effectiveness of doxycycline prophylaxis for travelers' diarrhea.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A study on digital diseases of cattle in Morocco.

Digital diseases of cattle, as defined by the "International Council on Digital Diseases of the Ruminants" were studied on 32 farms with various management systems in Morocco. This study involved 953 cattle without lameness for claw examination and 89 lame cattle for detailed clinical examination and semiological trimming of the eight claws. Claw deformities, interdigital dermatitis and ungular erosion, chronic diffuse aseptic pododermatitis, circumscribed pododermatitis and deep digital diseases were described regarding their prevalence and clinical characteristics, including their distribution on fore and hind limbs, and on antero-medial, antero-lateral, postero-medial and postero-lateral claws. Interrelationships between different digital diseases and relationships between some digital diseases and environmental factors were searched by correlation studies. The results are compared with the characteristics of the same digital diseases in other countries.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

Sampling studies on the epidemiology and control of trachoma in southern Morocco.

Mass-treatment campaigns against trachoma and seasonal conjunctivitis, using chlortetracycline ointment, were started in 1952 in parts of southern Morocco. This paper reports the results of a survey carried out between 1962 and 1965, under the auspices of the Moroccan Government, WHO and UNICEF, to evaluate the effects of the mass-campaign.The survey assessed the prevalence, gravity and frequency of complications of trachoma by ophthalmological examinations, conducted in the home, and the results are compared with data published elsewhere which were obtained before treatment started in the 1950s in parts of the study area. Additional studies were made of the relation between trachoma and the availability and use of water, and between the prevalence of trachoma in females and their exposure to infection.The over-all prevalence of trachoma was unaffected by the mass-treatment campaign but a larger proportion of the cases were at stage IV of the disease (healed). In one region, however, the prevalence of active cases (stages I-III) in the younger age-groups had decreased considerably. The occurrence of pannus decreased and while trichiasis decreased in children under 15 years of age, its prevalence increased in adults. This result may be important in planning future mass-campaigns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1968

Studies in the epidemiology and control of seasonal conjunctivitis and trachoma in southern Morocco.

It has been noted in many parts of the world that bacterial conjunctivitis is a major cause of total or partial loss of vision. In addition, trachoma is aggravated if there are associated bacterial infections and these lead to more frequent corneal complications.In the trials described the seasonal variation of bacterial infections was studied in addition to trachoma in 3 pilot sectors in southern Morocco. The frequency of complications and late sequelae from these infections in the whole population of these sectors was also studied.In one of the sectors 3 different methods of limiting the regular seasonal increase in bacterial infections and of curing trachoma were evaluated separately or in combination. These included the effect of fly-suppression on the transmission of infection, a possible method of chemoprophylaxis, and intermittent treatment with chlortetracycline ointment.The effect of the latter, when applied to a whole population group by auxiliary personnel, was compared with the long-term effect of self-treatment, in this and the two other sectors.The total observation period covered 12 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Natural pathogenicity for man of an antigenic variant of Soldado virus from Morocco (author's transl)].

Pathogenicity of Soldado virus was clearly established in the past for seabirds but remained questionable for man. In a scientist, repeatedly bitten by Ornithodoros (A.) maritimus larvae at Essaouira (Morocco), the association of fever of unknown origin and of neutralizing antibody against an antigenic variant of Soldado virus isolated from the same place, lead to the conclusion that this virus may act as a pathogen for man. Epidemiological implications of such an observation are briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Epidemiological observations on stomach worms of horses in Morocco.

Six to nine horses per month (total of 94 in a year) were examined for stomach worms in the Settat region of Morocco. All the animals were infected by at least one helminth species. Habronema muscae occurred in 95.8%, H. majus in 75.6% and Trichostrongylus axei in 80.9% of horses. Polyparasitism was observed in 93.6% of horses. Both for Habronema sp. and T. axei the peak worm burden was observed in November and minimum in June. The infection pattern of Habronema spp. was directly related to the period of activity of fly vectors.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Cancer of the nasopharynx in Morocco: epidemiological approach].

Between 1 April 1980 and 30 Septembre 1983, 412 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were seen at the Bergonié Cancer Centre in Casablanca (the sole centre in the country), representing 4.76% of all malignant tumours diagnosed in that period. This percentage is low, since the majority of these tumours are not diagnosed outside the big towns but indicates that Morocco is an area of moderate incidence for this cancer. We have studied the epidemiological aspects of our series; there is a predominance of males (sex ratio, 2.25: M:F); the average age is 43 years with a large proportion of young people (24.6% are less than 30 years old). A high incidence is observed in the north of the country, where, however, more medical facilities are available. Advanced tumours are common: 15% cannot be treated; 32.5% are in stage T4, and 70% have metastatic cervical nodes. Pathologically, 90% are undifferentiated carcinomas of the nasopharyngeal type. The results of the immunological study do not exclude a viral (Epstein-Barr virus) contribution. Prospective epidemiological studies are needed to elucidate the exact profile of this cancer in our country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Characteristics of Ostertagia sp. populations in naturally infested sheep in the region of Moulay-Bouazza (Morocco)].

Sixty-six abomasa of ewes were collected monthly at the slaughter-house of Moulay-Bouazza (Morocco) during two years. The characteristics of the population of Ostertagia (mostly O. circumcincta) were studied: number of eggs per female, vulvar polymorphism, length, sex-ratio and size of the worm-burden. These parameters were interrelated and could account for the seasonal variations of the number of eggs per female.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1983

[Current status of leptospirosis in Morocco (1979-1981)].

Leptospiroses in Morocco have been studied from 1979 to 1981. In man, L. icterohaemorrhagiae is the most frequently diagnosed serotype. The highest incidence of positive diagnoses is found in Fès-Meknès area. Leptospirosis is a severe disease: 1 out of 3 patients is hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit. Rat is an essential carrier of germs in Casablanca.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1982

[Meriones shawi (Duvernoy, 1842) [Rodentia, Gerbillidae] a reservoir of Leishmania major, Yakimoff and Schokhor, 1914 [Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae] in South Morocco (author's transl)].

For the first time a report is made of Meriones shawi (Duvernoy, 1842) infected by Leishmania major Yakimoff and Shokhor, 1914. The parasite was observed in two of 28 Meriones captured in the immediate vicinity of the Tata administrative center (South Morocco). M. shawi, because it is sub-commercial with man and abundant, is very likely one of the reservoirs of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in this area.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Properties of Rhizobium leguminosarum isolated from various regions of Morocco.

Twenty-eight isolates of Rhizobium leguminosarum capable of nodulating broad-bean (Vicia faba L. var. major) were collected throughout Morocco and characterized by using morphological, physiological, biochemical and serological tests. The properties of isolates from within a given climatic zone varied as much as the properties of isolates from different zones. The isolates were adapted to desiccation, but were not adapted to temperatures higher than 37 degrees C. A high degree of heterogeneity was detected among the somatic antigens of the isolates. Utilization of 39 carbon sources and subsequent acidification during growth on these substrates were tested using a commercial microbiological identification system for Enterobacteriaceae. The isolates used a wide variety of carbonaceous compounds for growth. The degree of relatedness among isolates was analysed by computer using 163 features. Computer analysis segregated the isolates into 2 main clusters and 5 singletons. Members of one cluster preferred a slightly acidic pH for growth while the members of the other cluster had a greater metabolic versatility.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1982

[Acetylation phenotype of isoniazid in Morocco. Preliminary study of 100 cases].

A preliminary study to determine the acetylator phenotype for Isoniazid was carried out for the first time on 100 patients. A correlation was shown between the blood and urinary methods; 59% were rapid acetylators and 41% slow acetylators, which were similar levels to those found in Black Africa. The predominance of rapid acetylators certainly explains the excellent tolerance of the high dose of INH (10 mg/kg) used in Morocco. If the determination of the acetylator phenotype could not be used systematically in our country, in view of the individual adaptation to the dosage--the dosage might, on the other hand be worked out in a prompt way before toxic signs appear at a dose of 10 mg/kg or under, of INH--thanks to the calculation of the index of inactivation estimated from a single sample.

Acetylation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Presence of adiaspores of Emmonsia crescens Emmons and Jellison, 1960, a moniliaceous, aleurioid fungus, in the lungs of small wild mammals in northern Morocco].

The authors examine the lungs of 133 small mammals caught in the North of Morocco and belonging to 7 species: 12,8% of the animals (14/95 A. sylvaticus, 1/18 M. spretus and 2/11 C. russula) possess one adiaspore of E. crescens or more hundred. The relatively damp climate of this region can explain this strong percentage of infestation. That is the first time that the adiaspiromycosis is noticed in small mammals in North Africa and the second time on the African continent.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A coprological study of intestinal infections in Northern Morocco (provinces of Tangier, Tetuán and Larache)].

BACKGROUND: An epidemiological study on intestinal parasites has been carried out in Northern Morocco (province of Tangier, Tetuan and Larache). A comparative Study has been made at a provincial, city and areas (urban and rural) level. Also the SPI (simple parasitism index) and the CPI (comparative parasitism index) distribution. METHODS: The coprological method used were: direct, concentration (Fulleborn, Telemann and Kato) method and ye test technics (Ferric Hematoxylin and E. Chlorazol Black). RESULTS: The number of faecal samples were 4643, parasitism people 2637 and the total number of parasites were 4816. SPI 56.79% and CPI 1.83. Among the Protozoa, Entamoeba coli, followed by Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia and Iodamoeba buetschlii prevailed, the other species coming a lung distance behind. Among the Helminths, Trichuris trichiura prevailed much more than the others; Ascaris lumbricoides followed and on the third place were Enterobius vermicularis and Hymenolepis nana. The percentage found for E. vermicularis was very high, since an appropriate technique of diagnosis was not used. The data have been statistically tested. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high rate of parasitism in the 3 provinces that have studied and an approximate number of two parasites per person. SPI and CPI are greater in Tetuan and Larache than in Tangier.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Plasmodium vivax malaria seizure more than 5 years after a stay in Meknès (Morocco)].

The authors report a case of Plasmodium vivax malaria which happened more than five years after a stay of the patient in Morocco. The late appearance of parasite blood forms and especially gametocytes, as observed in this case, could explain, at least partially, the awakening of apparently extinguished foci and the renewal of the transmission of the epidemic, mediated by the presence of Anopheles. This phenomenon certainly contributed to the failure of malaria eradication campaigns in some countries with endemic P. vivax.

Adult↗