Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “METAPLASIA”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Uneven distribution and significant concentration of apocrine metaplasia in lower breast quadrants.

Two hundred human breasts removed for clinical cancer by radical mastectomy were analyzed to determine whether apocrine metaplasia and apocrine cysts have predilective sites in the four mammary quadrants. One block of tissue randomly removed for each quadrant was examined in one or more histologic sections. The results showed a concentration of apocrine metaplasia and apocrine cysts in the lower mammary quadrants (17.5% versus 8.2%), which is highly significant (chi 2 = 15.25; P less than 0.001). The different distribution between breast cancer (showing predilection for the upper quadrants) and apocrine metaplasia is emphasized, together with the highly significant association between apocrine metaplasia and breast cancer. Based on these data, the usefulness of the clinical detection of cysts in the lower mammary quadrants and needle aspiration of their fluid for the morphologic or biochemical diagnosis of apocrine metaplasia in the screening and management of women at risk is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Experimental myocardial infarction with cartilaginous and osseous metaplasia in SHR and WKY rats.

Myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the coronary artery in fifteen 32-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and fifteen 32-week-old male normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Age-matched male SHR (n = 6) and WKY (n = 7) without the operation were used as non-infarcted control rats. Four weeks after the operation, cartilaginous metaplasia and osseous metaplasia were observed histopathologically in all SHR and 13 of the 15 WKY with myocardial infarction, but not in the control rats. The mean rates of infarction to the heart and the mean areas of metaplasia per rat showing metaplasia were greater in SHR than in WKY. The metaplastic areas were well correlated with the infarct percentage in SHR. It is therefore considered that extensive myocardial infarction is associated with the pathogenesis of cartilaginous and osseous metaplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Elimination of IL-13 reverses established goblet cell metaplasia into ciliated epithelia in airway epithelial cell culture.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-13 induces goblet cell metaplasia and plays an important role in mucus hypersecretion in asthma. We previously reported that IL-13 induced goblet cell differentiation along with less ciliated cell differentiation in guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells in vitro. In this study, we asked whether elimination of IL-13 could reverse the established goblet cell metaplasia into ciliated epithelia. METHODS: Primary epithelial cells from guinea pig tracheas were cultured at an air-liquid interface with the medium containing human recombinant IL-13 for 14 days, and continuously cultured with IL-13-eliminated medium, or cultured under the condition of neutralization of IL-13 with anti IL-13 antibody. RESULTS: 2 days after elimination of IL-13, the periodic acid-Schiff-positive area as well as MUC5AC protein level rapidly decreased. After 4 days, the number of goblet cells dramatically decreased, while that of ciliated cells inversely increased. The total number of epithelial cells did not change, and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine uptake decreased after IL-13 elimination. Transitional cells with cilia and secretory granules increased after IL-13 elimination. Similarly, the neutralization of IL-13 with anti-IL-13 antibody for 5 days reversed the goblet cell metaplasia into ciliated epithelia, and transitional cells also increased. CONCLUSIONS: Elimination of IL-13 reverses goblet cell metaplasia into ciliated epithelia in vitro, and transition of goblet cells to other phenotypes, especially ciliated cells, may be involved in this phenomenon. IL-13 inhibition may be a therapeutic strategy of established goblet cell metaplasia in asthma.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nasal cuboidal metaplasia with dysplasia. Precursor to adenocarcinoma in wood-dust-exposed workers?

The histological study of the non-tumours nasal mucosa in 22 wood-workers with ethmoidal adenocarcinoma was carried out and special attention was paid to the presence of cuboidal metaplasia with or without dysplasia. The workers had been exposed to wood dust for an average of 38 years (range 18 to 55 years). In 19 cases cuboidal metaplasia was found and 16 of these also had dysplasia. In 10 cases there was a transitional zone with dysplastic cuboidal epithelium in continuity with the tumour. In 5 cases there was squamous metaplasia. The results indicate cuboidal metaplasia with dysplasia being a possible precursor to nasal adenocarcinoma in workers exposed to wood dust, similar to the findings of squamous metaplasia and squamous cell carcinoma in nickel workers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Adherence of Helicobacter pylori to areas of type II intestinal metaplasia in Korean gastric mucosa.

The aim of this study was to examine whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) attaches to areas of intestinal metaplasia in Korean patients. Gastric biopsy specimens with intestinal metaplasia from 8 gastric cancers, 24 gastric ulcers, 11 duodenal ulcers, and 57 chronic gastritis were examined. The specimens were stained with periodic acid-Schiff/alcian blue pH 2.5 and high-iron diamine/alcian blue pH 2.5 to identify the subtype of intestinal metaplasia, and then immunohistochemical stain was done with rabbit anti-H. pylori polyclonal antibody. In 17 patients, H. pylori attached to areas of type II intestinal metaplasia. All areas of intestinal metaplasia showing adherence contained sialomucin, and H. pylori was not detected in the areas of intestinal absorptive cells and sulfomucin-containing metaplastic cells.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

-765G > C COX-2 polymorphism may be a susceptibility marker for gastric adenocarcinoma in patients with atrophy or intestinal metaplasia.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the -765G > C COX-2 polymorphism and the development of different gastric lesions: atrophy or intestinal metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed involving 320 Portuguese individuals (210 without evidence of neoplastic disease, 73 patients with gastric adenocarcinomas and 37 with atrophy or intestinal metaplasia) using a PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: -765C allele was overrepresented in the patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (51%) when compared either with the control group (38%) or patients with atrophy or intestinal metaplasia (27%). Callele was found to be very common in our population (0.22), and a multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed nearly 3-fold increased risk for the progression to gastric adenocarcinoma in patients with atrophy or intestinal metaplasia carrying the -765C allele (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.03-6.93; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: -765C carrier status should be considered as another susceptibility marker for gastric adenocarcinoma development in patients with atrophy or intestinal metaplasia.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predisposition to urinary tract epithelial metaplasia in Schistosoma haematobium infection.

Although there is strong epidemiologic evidence linking Schistosoma haematobium infection with carcinoma of the bladder, the utility of cytologic screening for urinary tract cancer has not been critically evaluated in S. haematobium-endemic populations. The present cross-sectional study examined urine cytology findings among 1,014 residents (ages 1 to 91) of the S. haematobium-endemic Msambweni area of Coast Province, Kenya. Among 705 evaluable cytology specimens, prevalence of inflammation (39%), hyperkeratosis (30%), metaplasia (33%), and frank atypia (0.4%) was notably higher than in previously studied, non-endemic populations. Overall, S. haematobium infection was strongly associated with increased risk for cytologic abnormality (> 2.8-fold relative risk of metaplasia or hyperkeratosis; P < 0.001). Age-group analysis confirmed parallel increases in metaplasia and S. haematobium infection prevalence early in life (from age I to 15 for both boys and girls). However, above age 20, metaplasia prevalence persisted at 33-45% prevalence despite a decline in infection prevalence and intensity. Prevalence of advanced (moderate or severe) metaplasia showed two age-related peaks: the first at 10-14 years of age (at the time of peak infection), and the second among subjects > or = 60 years old. No cancers were detected in the study population either on cytology or on follow-up ultrasound examination. These data suggest an age-dependent progression of cellular abnormalities in the urinary epithelium that is associated with chronic S. haematobium infection, which becomes independent of concurrent infection intensity as subjects grow older. Implications for cancer screening are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Synovial metaplasia, a specialized form of repair.

Synovial metaplasia is a change seen most frequently in the tissues surrounding silicone breast prostheses and in healing tissue adjacent to joint prostheses. It has also been described in skin and soft tissues, most frequently in healing or healed traumatic or surgical wounds. We report a case of synovial metaplasia occurring in a hitherto unreported location, namely, adjacent to a silicone low-pressure voice prosthesis. A review of cases of synovial metaplasia reported in the literature revealed that in most cases, spaces that form adjacent to foreign material (most commonly silicone breast prostheses) and the smooth gliding surfaces of the foreign material that resist penetration by fibroblast processes are frequent associated findings that precede the occurrence of synovial metaplasia. Thus, synovial metaplasia might represent a specialized form of healing in cases that have this combination of physical features.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Gastric cardia inflammation and intestinal metaplasia: associations with reflux esophagitis and Helicobacter pylori.

Gastric cardia inflammation and intestinal metaplasia are the subjects of recent investigation. Some authors have found associations with gastroesophageal reflux disease, whereas others have identified relationships with Helicobacter pylori (HP). We studied 150 consecutive patients who underwent upper endoscopy, had normal gastroesophageal anatomy, and had biopsies of the antrum, cardia, and lower esophagus, to evaluate relationships between reflux esophagitis, cardia inflammation, intestinal metaplasia, and HP gastritis. Forty-two patients had HP infection. Cardia inflammation was significantly related to esophageal squamous inflammation in the non-HP-infected patient group and to antral inflammation and cardia HP infection in the HP-infected patient group. The differences between the patient groups was most apparent in the patients with moderate or marked inflammation. Twenty-seven percent of patients had cardia intestinal metaplasia that was related to cardia inflammation. Cardia inflammation and intestinal metaplasia probably have multiple causes. Pathologists should refrain from applying the term Barrett's esophagus for biopsies procured from the cardia that show intestinal metaplasia in patients with a normal squamocolumnar junction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Altered gastric epithelial cell kinetics in Helicobacter pylori-associated intestinal metaplasia: implications for gastric carcinogenesis.

We have compared apoptosis and proliferation in antral epithelium from individuals not infected with H. pylori (Hp), those with Hp-induced gastritis and those with Hp-induced gastritis containing areas of gastric intestinal metaplasia, the precursor lesion to gastric adenocarcinoma. Antral biopsies from 42 patients were assessed for evidence of Hp infection, severity of gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Apoptosis was evaluated by the TUNEL assay and proliferation by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry and were expressed as apoptotic (AI) and proliferation (PI) indices. In the 31 Hp-positive (Hp(+)) patients, apoptosis and proliferation were increased compared with the 11 Hp-negative (Hp(-)) patients (AI = 1. 22 +/- 0.13% vs. 0.15 +/- 0.03%, p < 0.0001; PI = 24 +/- 1% vs. 13 +/- 2%, p < 0.0001). Increases were proportional to the severity of the inflammation. Within foci of intestinal metaplasia, in 9 of the Hp(+) patients, apoptosis was significantly reduced compared with surrounding gastritis (AI = 0.20 +/- 0.06% vs. 1.34 +/- 0.23%, p = 0. 0014), whereas proliferation was not altered (PI = 25.4 +/- 4% vs. 24.7 +/- 2%, p = 0.87), resulting in a lower AI/PI ratio in intestinal metaplasia than in surrounding gastritis (0.008 +/- 0.005 vs. 0.054 +/- 0.009, p < 0.02). Hp-induced gastritis is thus associated with increased epithelial apoptosis and proliferation compared with uninfected controls. In intestinal metaplasia, proliferation remains increased but apoptosis reverts to normal levels, and this perhaps contributes to Hp-associated gastric carcinogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Screening for oesophageal adenocarcinoma: an evaluation of a surveillance program for columnar metaplasia of the oesophagus.

BACKGROUND: Screening patients with columnar metaplasia of the oesophagus for adenocarcinoma is controversial owing to the low cancer incidence and diverging opinions as to whether screening improves the prognosis of these patients. Our aim was to evaluate a screening program for adenocarcinoma in patients with columnar metaplasia in the oesophagus, with focus on cancer incidence and costs. METHODS: One hundred and ninety-nine patients with columnar metaplasia of the oesophagus were identified through an endoscopy database, and the original patient records were reviewed. RESULTS: The patients were followed up for 797 years in total and during this time were subjected to 1071 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies. During the screening period 5 patients presented with adenocarcinoma; thus the cancer-incidence was 1 in 159 patient-years. The cost of detecting one cancer was 294,950 SEK (US$ 37,815). However, only four of the five patients were suitable for oesophagectomy, and of these, one patient turned out to have an advanced cancer. All patients developing cancer had columnar metaplasia of the oesophagus longer than 3 cm and specialized columnar epithelium (intestinal metaplasia/Barrett oesophagus). CONCLUSIONS: Low cancer incidence, high costs, and the doubtful prognosis for the patients with identified cancer question the benefits and cost-effectiveness of cancer screening among patients with columnar metaplasia in the oesophagus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Impact of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the development of MALT, gland atrophy and intestinal metaplasia of the antrum.

BACKGROUND: Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection leads to the development of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), gland atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and in certain individuals, gastric lymphoma and adenocarcinoma. We conducted a prospective study to determine the effect of H pylori eradication on the development of MALT, gland atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. METHODS: From July 1995 to October 1996, 63 consecutive patients with H pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease were enrolled in a bacterial eradication trial. The grade of MALT and the degree of gastritis of the antrum were assessed using Wotherspoon's scale and the Sydney system before treatment, and at eight weeks and one year after H pylori eradication therapy. RESULTS: During the study period, 43 patients received complete follow-up. In the patient group with eradication failure (n = 22), MALT score was significantly decreased at the end of the eighth week (p < 0.05) but returned to the initial level by one year of follow-up. There were no changes in the scores for inflammation, neutrophil activity, gland atrophy or intestinal metaplasia at the end of the eighth week and at one year following H pylori eradication therapy. In contrast, there was a marked reduction in the MALT, inflammation, and activity scores at eight weeks (p < 0.01, < 0.05 and < 0.05, respectively) and one year after treatment (p < 0.05, < 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively) in the patient group with successful eradication (n = 21). However, no significant changes in gland atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were observed during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Eradication of H pylori leads to regression of MALT in the stomach, but the degrees of gland atrophy and intestinal metaplasia remain unchanged, even after one-year of follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intestinal metaplasia at the gastroesophageal junction - epidemiologic and histologic aspects. Report of 164 cases].

Adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia is increasing in incidence. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intestinal metaplasia of the esophagogastric and having a malignant potential junction can be considered as an ultra-short segment Barrett's esophagus. To study the epidemiologic and histological features of the intestinal metaplasia of esophagogastric junction two groups of patients were compared for the prevalence of this condition. Group 1 included 82 patients with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms et group 2 consisted of 82 healthy individuals. Both groups had two biopsy specimens taken from the esophagogastric junction. Histological evidence of intestinal metaplasia was defined as specialized columnar epithelium containing goblet cells staining with alcian blue at pH 2.5. Intestinal metaplasia of the esophagogastric junction was present in 12 patients in group 1 and 9 individuals in group 2. The global prevalence of this condition was 12.8% and there was not a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of this condition between the two groups. A significant difference could not be found when sex was considered. There was a significant association between this condition and older age (p = 0.01). Intestinal metaplasia of the esophagogastric junction and Barrett's esophagus do not have the same epidemiologic features. Therefore, we suggest that screening biopsy specimens of the esophagogastric junction be limited to study protocols at this time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Long-term treatment with sterigmatocystin, a fungus toxin, enhances the development of intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa in Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is a human gastric carcinogen. Sterigmatocystin (ST), a fungus toxin, is a risk factor of gastric cancer. Cytotoxin-vacuolation toxin A (VacA) present in supernatants of H. pylori suspensions can cause gastritis and ulcer. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of H. pylori, ST and VacA in Mongolian gerbils. METHODS: Male Mongolian gerbils (n = 196) were treated with H. pylori supernatants (10 ml/1000 mg) mixed with diet or inoculated intragastrically with H. pylori alone or with ST (100 or 1000 ppb), and then killed 27 months later. Gastric tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue (AB, pH 2.5) and with immunostaining for PCNA and p53 expression. RESULTS: In H. pylori-infected gerbils, the normal mucosa was replaced by hyperplastic epithelium. Severe gastritis, cystic dilatation of gastric glands, hyperplastic polyps and intestinal metaplasia were observed. In H. pylori + ST (1000 ppb) gerbils, intestinal metaplasia was significantly more frequent than in H. pylori alone animals. No pathological changes were observed in the H. pylori supernatant group. Osseous metaplasia was observed in the H. pylori + ST (100 ppb) group. Serum gastrin levels of the H. pylori + ST (1000 ppb) group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. PCNA labelling index and p53 index of infected gerbils were significantly higher than those of uninfected groups. CONCLUSION: H. pylori causes gastritis, ulcer and intestinal metaplasia. ST enhances the development of intestinal metaplasia and increases gastrin levels in H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The association of short segment Barrett's esophagus with intestinal metaplasia in stomach.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of short segment Barrett's esophagus in people found to have tongue-like columnar mucosal protrusions in the distal esophagus and to determine the relationship between short segment Barrert's esophagus and Helicobacter pylori, gastritis and intestinal metaplasia observed in other parts of the stomach. METHODS: The study included 50 patients (32 male, 18 female). Two biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum, at least 2 cm away from the pylorus, from the incisura angularis, corpus and cardia and four biopsy specimens were taken from tongue-like columnar protrusions (<3 cm long) above the gastroesophageal junction. Tissue samples were stained with hematoxyline-eosine, HID-Alcian blue pH 2.5 and modified Giemsa. RESULTS: Of the 50 subjects who were found to have tongue-like columnar protrusions above the gastroesophageal junction, short segment Barrett's esophagus was detected in nine (18%). Whereas all short segment Barretti's esophagus cases were associated with chronic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori was found to be positive in five (55.5%) of them and there was intestinal metaplasia in other parts of the stomach (antrum in two patients, incisura angularis in three, antrum and cardia in one) in six (66.6%) cases. In 41 patients without short segment Barrett's esophagus 33 (80%) had chronic gastritis, 27 (66%) had Helicobacter pylori infection and eight had intestinal metaplasia in different locations (there in antrum, four in incisura angularis, one in the antrum and cardia) of the stomach. CONCLUSIONS: An association between short segment Barrett's esophagus and intestinal metaplasia was found in different parts of the stomach. The link between intestinal metaplasia in the stomach and these metaplastic changes in the tubular esophagus requires evalation in larger and more comprehensive studies.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence of intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus in patients endoscopically suspected for short Barrett's esophagus.

The clinical importance of Barrett's esophagus is related to its correlation to adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis is based on histologic demonstration of specialized intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia of the distal esophagus in a population submitted to gastroscopy not selected for reflux disease, and with columnar lined distal esophagus between 0.5 and 2 cm. Four biopsies in the distal esophagus were done in 224 patients undergoing routine gastroscopy. Patients were not selected for gastroesophageal reflux. Other clinical parameters were recorded to assess any possible association. In four Centers 224 patients received endoscopy with biopsies demonstrating specialized intestinal metaplasia in 21% of cases. No association was present among the patients with esophagitis or hiatal hernia, as well as with reflux symptoms. A significant association was present in over 70 (females), as well as with the presence of antral intestinal metaplasia demonstrated in 45 patients by gastric biopsies. No other significant associations were present. Biopsy samplings can diagnose the presence of intestinal metaplasia during endoscopy in patients endoscopically suspected for Barrett's esophagus: at present there is not clear evidence to promote this screening to achieve mortality reduction of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The expression of the blood related antigens in intestinal metaplasia of the stomach in gastric cancer].

The monoclonal antibodies detecting blood group related antigens of the Lewis systems have been used to define the immunoanatomic distribution of these antigens within the normal gastric mucosa and in gastric cancer tissues. In this study we analysed the presence of these antigens in histologically intestinal metaplasia of the stomach by the immunoperoxidase method. In normal gastric mucosa, Lewisb was distinctly expressed in normal foveolar epithelia and Lewisa was present in foveolar epithelia in half of the cases. Lewisx and Lewisy were detected in deep gastric glands. In intestinal metaplasia, more pronounced expression of Lewisa and decreased expression of Lewisb were observed. Lewisx and Lewisy were absent in most specimens of intestinal metaplasia. These pattern of expression of Lewis antigens in intestinal metaplasia were very similar to those observed in well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas of the stomach. These results indicate that well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas of the stomach have very similar character with the intestinal metaplasia in terms of the Lewis blood group antigen expression.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Distinguishing tubal metaplasia from endocervical dysplasia on cervical Papanicolaou smears.

Tubal metaplasia is a benign endocervical lesion. There may be confusion, however, in distinguishing tubal metaplasia from endocervical gland dysplasia on Papanicolaou smear. We present a case in which a cervical smear diagnosis initially reported as endocervical atypia was corrected to a diagnosis of tubal metaplasia upon cytologic review, thus altering patient management. The presence of terminal bars and cilia are the most helpful features in the cytologic recognition of tubal metaplasia. The evaluation of endocervical gland dysplasia suggested by Papanicolaou smear may include diagnostic conization; therefore, to prevent unnecessary intervention, it is important to distinguish endocervical gland dysplasia from tubal metaplasia.

Adult↗