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PubMed2026

The circadian clock proteins PRR modulate root hair development via the RHD6/RSL module in Arabidopsis.

Root hairs, derived from trichoblasts, are critical for plant growth and environmental adaptation. Although environmental cues are known to influence root hair development, how endogenous timing systems such as the circadian clock integrate into the core transcriptional network governing root hair formation remains unclear. Here, we show that the circadian clock-associated protein PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR5 (PRR5) physically interacts with ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE6 (RHD6) and RHD6 LIKE1 (RSL1), two basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors essential for root hair initiation. Genetic analyses suggest that PRR proteins contribute to root hair development under long-day conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Simultaneous disruption of PRR5, PRR7, and PRR9 results in defective root hairs, whereas PRR5 overexpression markedly increases root hair density and length. Transcriptomic and RT-qPCR analyses reveal that PRRs enhance the expression of RHD6, RSL1, and multiple downstream root hair-responsive genes, while modulating their temporal expression patterns. Furthermore, PRR5-mediated root hair promotion requires RHD6/RSL1, and PRR proteins enhance RHD6-dependent activation of the RSL4 promoter. PRRs also contribute to root hair development under phosphate-deficient and salt-stress conditions. Together, these findings establish a molecular framework in which PRR proteins regulate the RHD6/RSL network to coordinate root hair development and environmental responses.

Arabidopsis↗

PubMed2026

Examining early-phase symptom trajectories in interpersonal psychotherapy versus antidepressant medication for adults with depression: A dynamic time warp network analysis.

BACKGROUND: Depression is characterized by substantial symptom heterogeneity, which is often concealed when examining total severity scores. Analyzing symptom-level change can improve our understanding of treatment effects and recovery processes. This study, therefore, examined dynamic symptom networks during early-phase interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant treatment, assessing patterns of symptom change across as well as differences between treatments. METHODS: Using weekly item-level Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) data from a randomized clinical trial comparing IPT and SSRIs for adults with depression, this preregistered study examined symptom trajectories in the first six weeks of treatment with Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). RESULTS: Depressive symptom trajectories and DTW-based symptom networks were largely similar for IPT and SSRI. In both conditions, changes in somatic symptoms of anxiety and middle insomnia tended to precede improvements in depressed mood. CONCLUSIONS: Early symptom change may occur outside the core affective domain, underscoring the importance of monitoring symptoms broadly. Symptom-level patterns may reflect patients' stage of recovery and provide clinically relevant information beyond total severity scores. The absence of differences in improvement patterns between IPT and SSRI suggest few indications for treatment selection based on baseline symptom profiles. Future research should replicate and extend these findings to subsequent treatment phases using more frequent assessments and a broader range of interventions.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Neuromuscular blocking agents for tracheal intubation of critically ill adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Emergency tracheal intubation in critically ill adults is associated with a high risk of peri-intubation adverse events, making first-attempt success a key safety target. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate whether the use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) improves the proportion of first-attempt success and reduces adverse events during emergent intubations outside the operating room. METHODS: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials or nonrandomized studies comparing sedative-hypnotic plus NMBA versus sedative-hypnotic alone in critically ill adults undergoing emergency endotracheal intubation in nonoperative settings. Animal, cadaveric, manikin/simulation, and pediatric studies were excluded. Articles were screened on 21 August 2025, in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Web of Science Core Collection. MAIN RESULTS: Of 4736 screened citations, 13 studies (8 cohort; 5 before-after studies) were included in the quantitative analysis, with 14 072 participants. NMBA use was associated with higher first-attempt success, which ranged from 69 to 92% (pooled odds ratio, 2.72; 95% onfidence interval: 1.42-5.21; low-certainty evidence). Secondary outcomes related to adverse events were rated as very low certainty due to sparse data, inconsistent reporting, and serious imprecision. CONCLUSION: NMBA use during emergency intubation was associated with improved first-attempt success, although the certainty of evidence was low.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Multimodal intervention benefits: Responder analysis of J-MINT PRIME Kanagawa trial.

INTRODUCTION: The J-MINT PRIME Kanagawa trial was an 18-month multimodal intervention (incorporating exercise, nutrition, and metabolic management) for dementia prevention. Because the primary analysis showed no significant benefits, we performed an exploratory responder analysis to identify responsive subpopulations. METHODS: We analyzed the Full Analysis Set comprising 188 participants. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, applied to the intervention arm, identified baseline predictors of cognitive improvement. These rules were then applied to the entire cohort to evaluate treatment effects on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) using fully adjusted mixed-effects models for repeated measures (MMRM). RESULTS: CART identified a "Target Group" (N = 108) characterized by baseline profiles such as an MMSE score < 28 or specific metabolic ranges (e.g., LDL-C < 135 mg/dL). Within this target group, the intervention significantly preserved MMSE trajectories compared with the control group (group × time interaction, P = 0.022). In contrast, the Non-Target Group (N = 80), consisting of high-functioning individuals (MMSE ≥ 28), exhibited no significant group × time interaction. DISCUSSION: Multimodal interventions may effectively preserve global cognition in older adults with sub-threshold cognitive decline. Careful targeting of appropriate populations, while considering potential longitudinal measurement artifacts (e.g., practice effects), is essential. These findings provide a hypothesis-generating framework that warrants external validation in future prevention trials.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Azithromycin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhi with AcrB R717L/Q mutations in the United States.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Azithromycin is a critical oral treatment for typhoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella Typhi), since XDR has rendered other first-line treatment options ineffective. Azithromycin resistance conferred by amino acid changes in AcrB, an AcrAB-TolC efflux pump component, represents an emerging public health concern. Leveraging phenotypic and genotypic data from U.S. Salmonella Typhi surveillance systems, this study describes the prevalence, phenotype and genomic epidemiology of Salmonella Typhi with AcrB mutations in U.S. patients since the first detection in 2015. METHODS: AST and WGS data of >3000 Salmonella Typhi isolates were used to identify all cases with an AcrB mutation in the United States (2015-2025). We calculated annual prevalence and MIC ranges. Phylogenetic analysis was used to contextualize U.S. cases of Salmonella Typhi with an AcrB mutation within all globally reported cases. RESULTS: While the prevalence of AcrB mutations in the United States is low (1.5%), it has risen significantly in recent years, from 0.2% in 2016-2022 to 2.2% in 2023-2025. This increase is predominantly driven by clonal expansion of existing strains circulating in South Asia. AcrB mutations do not reliably confer resistance to azithromycin (MIC ≥ 32 mg/L), complicating clinical interpretation. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of AcrB mutations in Salmonella Typhi is increasing in the United States, and likely globally, given that U.S. data function as an informal proxy for regions without routine surveillance infrastructure. Clinical outcomes data are needed to inform Salmonella Typhi treatment guidelines and potentially amend clinical breakpoints for azithromycin.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to colorectal cancer development and progression.

Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of global cancer mortality, with a concerning rise in early-onset cases driven by complex interactions between environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, and host genetics. Mounting evidence indicates that gut microbiota dysbiosis critically modulates this oncogenic process, acting as an active participant rather than a passive bystander. This review systematically synthesizes the dichotomous roles of the intestinal microbiome in colorectal tumorigenesis through the conceptual framework of the driver-passenger model. We discuss how early initiating driver bacteria, such as Polyketide synthase-positive Escherichia coli and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, compromise mucosal barriers, induce chronic mucosal inflammation, and inflict direct genomic instability. As the local tumor microenvironment undergoes profound metabolic remodeling, opportunistic passenger pathogens, notably Fusobacterium nucleatum, become enriched, further promoting cellular proliferation and facilitating tumor immune evasion. Conversely, protective commensals, exemplified by Clostridium butyricum and Streptococcus thermophilus, exert robust tumor-suppressive effects through multifaceted mechanisms. These beneficial microbes actively antagonize malignant progression by redirecting tumor metabolic fluxes toward oxidative stress, orchestrating deep epigenetic reprogramming, and degrading core oncoproteins to reverse chemoresistance. Transitioning from fundamental mechanisms to clinical application, we evaluate a comprehensive spectrum of microbiota-targeted interventions, encompassing non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers, fecal microbiota transplantation, engineered bacteria, phage therapy, and postbiotics. Finally, we critically address the formidable translational challenges associated with microbial heterogeneity, long-term safety, and regulatory standardization, aiming to provide a balanced perspective on integrating microbiome-based strategies into next-generation precision oncology for colorectal cancer.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Feasibility of Prone Positioning in Patients With Obesity and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Prone positioning in patients with obesity remains uncommon because of concerns about feasibility, safety, and efficacy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes of manual prone positioning in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) across different classes of obesity. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study involving patients with ARDS who underwent manual prone positioning across 15 hospitals between April 2014 and July 2024. Patients were stratified into 5 groups based on body mass index. Standardized prone positioning protocols were followed across institutions. RESULTS: A total of 1448 patients with ARDS underwent prone positioning. Across all obesity categories, prone positioning was associated with shorter intensive care unit and hospital stays, improved oxygenation, and better clinical outcomes. Notably, patients with class III obesity showed the greatest increase in gas exchange efficiency, with a 37% improvement in ratio of Pao2 to fraction of inspired oxygen, compared with 28% in patients with normal weight (P < .05). Complication rates were low across all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Prone positioning is feasible and safe in patients with ARDS across all obesity classes. Patients with class III obesity showed the greatest improvements in oxygenation. Future prospective studies should further explore the long-term impact of prone positioning in patients with class III obesity to refine clinical guidelines and optimize care.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Lower androgen sulfate metabolites in women with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome may be associated with changed metabolism and disposition.

Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS), characterized by joint hypermobility and multisystem involvement, is the most common type of EDS. Its comorbidities are wide-ranging, reflecting the involvement of connective tissue and its role in a multitude of processes. hEDS has been hypothesized to have hormonal aspects since the disorder is diagnosed more often in women and symptom changes closely correlate with hormonal shifts. To better understand the etiology and biochemical changes in hEDS and its comorbidities, a multiple-omics study was performed in women, controls (n = 45) and those with hEDS (n = 45), alongside the collection of questionnaires related to symptom severity. Metabolomic evaluation was performed on serum samples and RNA isolated from fibroblasts cultured from skin punches was analyzed for transcriptomics. Samples from hEDS patients had statistically significantly lower levels of multiple androgen sulfate metabolites, compared with controls, driven largely by participants aged 30-49. Changes to other classes of steroid hormones (corticosteroids, progestogens, and estrogens) were largely not significant between hEDS and control groups. Transcriptomics of skin fibroblasts from hEDS patients revealed downregulation of multiple enzymes involved in biosynthesis, metabolism, and disposition of androgens, compared with controls. Multiple steroid hormones correlated with symptoms surveyed in 18-29 year old participants with hEDS. Shifts in steroid hormone metabolites in hEDS compared with controls may be due to changes to metabolism and disposition, but more validation is necessary to be conclusive. This data provides insights into the unclear links between steroid hormones and hEDS and its comorbidities.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Differences in Radiological Risk Perceptions Following Online and In-Person Workshops.

Nuclear energy is widely regarded as a critical part of the pathway toward a secure, low-carbon electricity grid, yet long-term management of used nuclear fuel remains a persistent challenge. Although technically viable options for interim and consolidated storage exist, public concern and community opposition - rooted in historical distrust and risk perception - continue to complicate siting decisions. In response, recent federal efforts have emphasized collaboration-based approaches and community engagement, though empirical evidence on the effectiveness of different engagement strategies remains limited. This study examines how the structure and delivery of community engagement influence changes in public attitudes toward hosting interim used nuclear fuel storage facilities. Using survey data from 13 educational workshops around the United States, we evaluate: (1) the inclusion of trust-building content prior to technical content, and (2) engagement format, comparing online and in-person workshops. Analyses focus on participant changes in perceptions of safety, risk, and support for hosting, using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and other non-parametric hypothesis tests on surveys conducted before and after workshops. Results indicate that workshop participation is associated with some measurable attitude changes, with significant (p < 0.05) differences in response variability for some questions across workshop formats. In particular, when comparing nuclear energy to other clean energy sources, in-person workshop participants are substantially more likely to gain a more favorable opinion of nuclear energy than online participants. These findings contribute empirical evidence on how trust-building and delivery mode shape outcomes in public engagement on complex and contested energy policy issues such as storage of used nuclear fuel.

nuclear fuel cycle↗

PubMed2026

Association between prenatal exposure to tetrachloroethylene and adverse birth outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is a ubiquitous chlorinated solvent with documented placental transfer. Despite widespread environmental and occupational exposure, no prior systematic review has synthesized evidence on prenatal PCE exposure and adverse birth outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched from inception to July 13, 2026. Eligible studies reported associations between prenatal PCE exposure (drinking water or inhalation) and adverse birth outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with Knapp-Hartung adjustments and Paule-Mandel τ2 estimation. RESULTS: Twenty one studies (1987-2023) met inclusion criteria. Prenatal PCE exposure was associated with spontaneous abortion (8 studies; RR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.00-1.63; I2 = 64.2%). Analyses of stillbirth, central nervous system defects, oral clefts, neural tube defects, preterm birth, low birthweight, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) yielded positive but statistically non-significant pooled estimates. The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to low across outcomes (GRADE). CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal PCE exposure may be associated with spontaneous abortion, particularly at higher exposure levels, and with SGA. Findings support ongoing regulatory efforts to limit PCE in occupational and environmental settings, particularly for pregnant individuals. Future prospective studies with biological monitoring and confounder-adjusted designs are needed.

Tetrachloroethylene↗

PubMed2026

Not just when, but how: An exploratory dual-control approach to video feedback in motor learning.

The present study provides exploratory evidence for a novel dual-control paradigm. It examines whether combining temporal over video feedback timing with learner-controlled interactive playback functions (pause, slow-motion, rewind) would enhance motor skill acquisition beyond temporal autonomy alone. Sixty-four novice adults were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: Full Control (self-controlled timing + interactive replay), Partial Control (self-controlled timing + non-interactive replay), Yoked Full Control (externally controlled timing + interactive replay), or Yoked Partial Control (externally controlled timing + non-interactive replay). Motor accuracy (Radial Error), movement consistency (Bivariate Variable Error), technical execution, and self-efficacy were assessed at pre-test, 24-h retention, and 72-h retention following two acquisition sessions on a dart-throwing task (120 trials total). The Full Control group demonstrated the greatest and most durable learning gains across all outcomes. The Group × Time interaction was significant across all dependent variables (η2ₚ ranging from 0.140 to 0.234), with Full Control demonstrating superior retention at both 24 and 72 h relative to other groups (though differences relative to Partial Control were more pronounced at 72-h retention). Critically, the Yoked Full Control group showed comparatively weaker outcomes despite access to the same interactive playback functions. These findings suggest that interactive video tools may be most useful when learners can regulate both when feedback is accessed and how it is inspected. Theoretical and practical implications for the design of learner-centered video feedback systems are discussed.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Associations between multiple essential trace metal concentrations and risk of hyperuricemia: insights from a central Chinese population.

Previous studies have indicated that levels of individual essential trace metals are related to hyperuricemia (HUA), but evidence on their combined effects is limited. To address this gap, the associations of individual and joint levels of 12 essential trace metals (manganese, selenium, nickel, chromium, cobalt, tin, iron, molybdenum, zinc, strontium, vanadium, and copper) with the risk of HUA were investigated in 2,021 adults recruited from Hunan Province, China. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed to determine urinary metal concentrations. Logistic regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and quantile g calculation (Qgcomp) were applied to evaluate the associations of single and mixture metal concentrations with HUA. Of the participants, 516 (25.53%) were diagnosed with HUA. Inverse associations were found between vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, selenium, strontium, and molybdenum levels and HUA, with ORs ranging from 0.63 to 0.91. Conversely, a positive association was observed between zinc concentration and HUA [OR (95% CI): 1.17 (1.01, 1.37)]. Both BKMR and Qgcomp models showed a negative overall effect of essential trace metals on HUA risk, with strontium (- 43.6%) and vanadium (- 27.8%) being the main contributors. In addition, formal interaction tests revealed significant effect modification by age for tin and by BMI for zinc. In conclusion, the levels of essential trace metals were linked to a decreased risk of HUA, and these associations were modified by age and BMI only for specific metals.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Culture of infectious human norovirus isolated from live contaminated oysters.

Human noroviruses are a major cause of foodborne outbreaks worldwide. Filter-feeding shellfish, such as oysters, can bioaccumulate these viruses in their digestive tissue when grown in sewage-impacted coastal areas and are often implicated in norovirus foodborne outbreaks. Despite the high sensitivity of current molecular assays, these methods for norovirus detection in shellfish fail to distinguish between infectious and non-infectious particles. Assessing norovirus infectivity in shellfish remains a challenge due to the lack of suitable isolation methods that maintain capsid integrity. In this study, a protocol for isolating infectious norovirus from oyster tissues, based on chloroform-butanol elution and polyethylene glycol concentration (CB-PEG), was optimized for the recovery of human norovirus GI and GII. While CB-PEG method recovered various norovirus GI and GII genotypes, it was less efficient at the genomic level than a protocol based on proteinase K elution (adapted from ISO 15216) and showed genotype-dependent viral recovery rates. By optimizing the flocculation step, we improved the method's compatibility with human intestinal enteroid (HIE) cultures. Using this approach, we successfully quantified infectious norovirus GII.3 titers recovered from artificially-contaminated live oysters. Interestingly, infectious virus was better isolated following a freezing step of the digestive tissues, with titers ranging from 13 to 40 TCID50/mL for positive samples. In conclusion, this study established an optimized methodological approach for the relative quantification of infectious norovirus GII.3 in shellfish, paving the way for future research on viral persistence and inactivation strategies in this foodstuff.

Norovirus↗

PubMed2026

Towards microplastic bioremediation: Fungal degradation of pristine and pretreated high-density polyethylene and polystyrene.

Microplastic (MP) contamination has become a significant ecological issue because of its enduring existence in the ecosystem and its possible negative impacts. Therefore, using degrading strategies to eliminate these stubborn polymers has been a subject of scientific research. However, the currently used degradation methods are relatively inefficient. Given the pervasiveness of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Polystyrene (PS) and their resistance to biodegradability, disposal strategies are critical and must be addressed. This manuscript examines the biodegradation of pristine and UV-treated HDPE and PS MPs by Aspergillus flavus species in minimal growth media over 70 days. The maximum weight loss observed at 70 days for pristine HDPE and PS in sole carbon source (SCS) media was (29.33 ± 0.28) % and (17.67 ± 0.35) %, respectively. Whereas, for UV-treated HDPE and PS MPs, the % weight reduction was (33 ± 0.21) % and (25 ± 0.19) %, respectively. UV-treated MPs exhibited greater weight reduction, as UV induced oxygenated functional groups enhance polymer susceptibility to enzymes, thereby promoting biodegradation. HDPE MPs typically show a higher proportion of particles in the lower size range compared to PS MPs. This assertion was based on the weight loss, particle size distribution, and SEM analysis. Furthermore, chemical changes were evaluated using Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, which also displayed chemical oxidation occurring during biodegradation. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) results indicate that UV pretreatment enhances biodegradability by promoting chain scission. These findings further suggest that this fungus's natural and ubiquitous occurrence in terrestrial and marine environments may actively contribute to MP biodegradation while requiring few nutrients.

Microplastics↗

PubMed2026

The Incidence of Suicide Following Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Prognosis Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) effectively manages severe obesity but may lead to psychological complications such as completed suicides and suicide attempts. This review aimed to analyze suicide and self-harm incidence post-MBS. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library databases on August 16, 2022, for longitudinal studies with incidence data on suicide following MBS. We performed a single proportion meta-analysis on the incidence of outcomes and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022352137). RESULTS: Eighty-four studies were included. The meta-analysis showed an incidence of 230.64 suicides per 100,000 participants (95% CI: 167.51 to 317.49) in pooled individual-level data and an incidence of 43.02 suicides per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 32.49 to 56.97) in pooled person-year data. Evidence was low certainty or very low certainty. CONCLUSIONS: The average suicide incidence (231 per 100,000 people) in people with obesity who underwent MBS significantly exceeded the 2019 WHO global estimate for the general population (nine per 100,000 people). These findings underscore the need to incorporate structured psychological screening and follow-up into the perioperative management process of MBS, as patient mental health may play a pivotal role in postoperative adherence and long-term outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Xerophthalmia and ocular manifestations of vitamin A deficiency in children in high-income countries: A systematic review.

Xerophthalmia is a vision-threatening eye condition caused by vitamin A deficiency (VAD). Cases of xerophthalmia in high-income countries (HICs) are vulnerable to misdiagnosis, causing delays in treatment and adverse visual outcomes. We define the features, causes and complications of VAD and xerophthalmia in children of HICs. Our study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines (CRD42024492023). We performed a search for eligible articles on Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, PubMed and Medline. Cases reporting on children under 18 years of age residing in HICs with ocular features of VAD were eligible for inclusion. The search yielded 2474 results; 43 case reports and case series met the inclusion criteria consisting of a total of 61 cases (mean age 9.9 ± 4.2 years, range 3-17 years). Xerophthalmia was graded according to the most advanced finding for each case: 21.3% had night blindness only; 29.5% had conjunctival xerosis or Bitot spots; 29.5% had corneal xerosis, ulceration or scarring; 1.6% had xerophthalmia fundus only; and 18.0% had ocular manifestations associated with VAD that are not encompassed under the WHO classification. These features included swollen optic discs, optic neuropathy, or ocular dryness. Restrictive dietary practises were the most common mechanism of deficiency (75%), and autism was the most common underlying condition (49%). This shows that VAD remains a cause of severe visual impairment in HICs, especially when associated with delays in diagnosis and treatment. Further research is required to establish the prevalence of xerophthalmia in HICs.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Understanding psychosocial adjustment in military-to-civilian transition: A latent profile analysis of ex-serving Australian Defence Force members.

Military-to-civilian transition is a critical life stage that can expose veterans to elevated risks of psychological distress, social difficulties, and reduced wellbeing. Although psychosocial factors are central to successful reintegration, little is known about distinct patterns of needs among ex-serving Australian Defence Force (ADF) members. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify psychosocial needs profiles across five domains of the Military-Civilian Adjustment and Reintegration Measure (M-CARM) in a sample of 725 ex-serving ADF members. The optimal three-class solution identified: a Low Adjustment Need (LAN) group (20.7%) reporting minimal reintegration challenges; a Cultural Adjustment Need (CAN) group (42.9%) characterized by cultural adaptation difficulties, particularly beliefs about civilians and regimentation; and a Cultural and Psychological Need (CPN) group (36.4%) showing broader challenges across beliefs about civilians, purpose and connection, regimentation, and resentment and regret. The CAN group was more likely to be male, have lower educational attainment, and have no combat deployment history. The CPN group was similarly male dominated with lower education, and was additionally characterized by Navy service, unemployment or not being in the labor force, and medical discharge. Compared with the LAN group, both CAN and CPN groups reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and nightmare distress, as well as poorer quality of life and greater functional impairment. These findings highlight persistent reintegration challenges among veterans and support the need for stratified support models, ranging from psychoeducation to intensive multidisciplinary care, to better address diverse psychosocial needs of ex-serving ADF members.

Australian defense force↗

PubMed2026

Validated UPLC-MS/MS quantification and intracellular PK-PD Modeling of periplocin-related cardiac glycosides in H/R-injured H9c2 cells.

Reliable intracellular quantification is essential for characterizing the target-site disposition and exposure-response relationships of bioactive natural products. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of periplocin and four related cardiac glycoside metabolites in H9c2 cell lysates. Acceptable linearity, precision, recovery, and stability were achieved for intracellular quantification. Cells were treated with each compound at 50 μM, and intracellular concentrations and cell viability were monitored over 48 h. In hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) -injured cells, the time to maximum intracellular concentration was shortened for all five compounds, indicating altered cellular disposition under injury conditions. Cell viability was improved by all compounds during the observation period. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) integration was performed using a sigmoid Emax model, and acceptable model fits were obtained, with Akaike information criterion (AIC) values ranging from 79.22 to 130.46. Low apparent EC50 values were estimated under this single-dose design, whereas the estimated Ke0 values suggested delayed equilibration with the effect compartment. These findings indicate that sustained cytoprotective responses can be produced by periplocin and related metabolic markers in injured cardiomyocytes. This intracellular bioanalytical strategy provides a quantitative approach for linking cellular exposure to pharmacodynamic response and may support further evaluation of periplocin-related cardiac glycosides.

Tandem Mass Spectrometry↗