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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Survival after spinal cord trauma. A life table analysis.

The records accruing from the care of spinal cord injury patients in hospitals of Veterans Administration (VA) make available a unique opportunity to study survival rates of a large group. This study analyzes the survival experience of patients whose initial treatment in a VA hospital for trauma to the spinal cord occurred between Oct 1, 1955, and Sept 30, 1965. Life table methodology enabled survival rates to be calculated for various intervals after injury and allowed for maximum use of each patient's experience. Age at injury, level of lesion, and extent of paralysis were all found to be important factors in survival. High mortality occurs in the first three months regardless of age at injury or level of lesion. Of those paraplegic and quadriplegic patients who survived the first three months after injury, the ten-year survival rates are quite similar, 86% and 80%, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Autotransplantation of human teeth. A life-table analysis of prognostic factors.

In a retrospective study of a sample of 291 autotransplantations of human teeth carried out by 27 oral surgeons over a period of 25 years, the clinically and radiologically available factors at the time of surgery were analysed with reference to their prognostic relevance. Prognostically relevant factors related to loss of the transplanted teeth were determined by both univariate life-table analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Of the 11 factors analysed in the Cox regression analysis, the following seemed to be prognostically relevant to loss or retention of the graft: developmental stage of the graft, age of the patient, donor tooth type, ectopia of the donor tooth, extraoral storage of the graft, and oral surgeon. In the present material, the prognosis of the grafts did not seem to be significantly influenced by such factors as prophylactic administration of antibiotics and fixation time. Using relevant parameters, it is possible to create a prognosis forecast for the individual patient. A case with a favourable set of parameters is shown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Prediction of start of contractions in labor induced with oral prostaglandin E2 or oxytocin: a life table analysis approach.

Labor was induced for medical reasons at or near term in altogether 200 patients. All women had amniotomy and were then randomly assigned to either oral prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or intravenous infusion of oxytocin (Oxy). In this study PGE2 and Oxy treatment were compared with respect to time to contractions. Other not randomized but prognostic variables compared here were, e.g. dilatation, parity and Bishop score. All comparisons were performed with the life table technique. Labor was established earlier in the Oxy group than in the PGE2 group of patients. In both treatment groups parity and dilatation were more strongly related to start of contractions than to Bishop score.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1967

Epidemiological basis of tuberculosis eradication. 7. Application of life-table methods for assessing the prognosis for tuberculosis patients.

The experience of a group of patients, observed in a follow-up study, may conveniently be described by means of decrement tables, of which the survival table is the best known. Just as this table shows how a population group has decreased gradually because of death, so other decrement tables may depict the cumulative effect of cure, or of death and cure combined.Decrement tables can be established not only when all patients under study have been observed from the onset of their disease until cure or death, but also when patients with varying durations of disease have been followed for only a few years; in this case the statistical technique used for the construction of life-tables must be applied.This paper demonstrates in detail the tabulations and calculations involved in this technique, using nationwide data from the Danish Tuberculosis Register as the basis, and applying the technique to aspects of the prognosis for tuberculosis patients that have hitherto been difficult to quantify.

Denmark↗
PubMed1983

Spontaneous abortions after the Three Mile Island nuclear accident: a life table analysis.

A study was conducted to determine whether the incidence of spontaneous abortion was greater than expected near the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear power plant during the months following the March 28, 1979 accident. All persons living within five miles of TMI were registered shortly after the accident, and information on pregnancy at the time of the accident was collected. After one year, all pregnancy cases were followed up and outcomes ascertained. Using the life table method, it was found that, given pregnancies after four completed weeks of gestation counting from the first day of the last menstrual period, the estimated incidence of spontaneous abortion (miscarriage before completion of 16 weeks of gestation) was 15.1 per cent for women pregnant at the time of the TMI accident. Combining spontaneous abortions and stillbirths (delivery of a dead fetus after 16 weeks of gestation), the estimated incidence was 16.1 per cent for pregnancies after four completed weeks of gestation. Both incidences are comparable to baseline studies of fetal loss.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1979

Second primary bronchogenic carcinoma: life-table analysis of surgical treatment.

Twelve patients had curative resection of primary bronchogenic carcinoma. Eleven to 84 months later, a second primary bronchogenic carcinoma was discovered and was operated on. Six patients underwent wedge resection, while the others had a lobectomy or pneumonectomy. There was no operative mortality. Two patients survived longer than 5 years. In addition to these patients, 26 patients who also had successive surgical resections for primary lung cancers were collected from the literature. Two operative deaths were related to respiratory insufficiency. Life-table analysis of this accumulated series of 38 patients revealed the survival rate 1 year after the resection of a second tumor to be 70%, and 2 and 3 years later, 55% and 27%, respectively. Thus, in patients in whom a second primary carcinoma of the lung develops, successive resections tailored to preserve respiratory reserve are compatible with low operative mortality and, in some instances, long-term survival.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1977

A competing-risk model based on the life table procedure in epidemiological studies.

In this paper, a new non-parametric competing-risk model is proposed. This model takes relative susceptibility into account, and is thus free from the usual assumption of independence between competing causes of death. Another feature of the model is the adjustments of survivors and deaths as a results of the elimination of one of the causes of death in the previous time interval. The computational procedure of the model is simple and can be incorporated into the regular life table procedures.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMed1980

Circumcision and the risk of cancer of the penis. A life-table analysis.

The low incidence of penile cancer in the United States is frequently cited as a reason for not justifying the risk of neonatal circumcision as a prophylactic measure. Although uncircumcised men are uniquely at risk for this malignant neoplasm, previous approaches have used annual incidence data collected without regard to circumcision status, thus tending to underestimate the true risk to this susceptible group. In addition, the concept of lifetime risk has not been addressed. Using data from the Third National Cancer Survey and previously published circumcision prevalence figures in a life-table analysis, we estimated the lifetime risk for cancer of the penis in uncircumcised males. The predicted risk is 166 per 10(5), or one in 600; the estimated median age of occurrence is 67 years. These data deserve to be considered with other morbidity factors in the context of the neonatal circumcision debate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Hanford radiation study III: a cohort study of the cancer risks from radiation to workers at Hanford (1944-77 deaths) by the method of regression models in life-tables.

This paper reports on results from the study initiated by Mancuso into the health risks from low-level radiation in workers engaged in plutonium manufacture at Hanford Works, Washington State, USA, and attempts to answer criticisms of previous reports by an in-depth study. Previous reports have aroused much controversy because the reported risk per unit radiation dose for cancers of radiosensitive tissues was much greater than the risk generally accepted on the basis of other studies and widely used in setting safety levels for exposure to low-level radiation. The method of regression models in life-tables isolates the effect of radiation after statistically controlling for a wide range of possible interfering factors. Like the risk of lung cancer for uranium miners the dose-response relation showed a significant downward curve at about 10 rem. There may, therefore, be better agreement with other studies, conduct at higher doses, than is widely assumed. The findings on cancer latency (of about 25 years) and the effect of exposure age (increasing age increases the risk) are in general agreement with other studies. An unexplained finding is a significantly higher dose for all workers who developed cancers in tissues that are supposed to have low sensitivity to cancer induction by radiation.

Actuarial Analysis↗