LIBRARY REFERENCE SERVICE.
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Journal Article↗
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Standards for academic visual science libraries. Association of Visual Science Librarians.
These standards are a revised and updated version of the Guidelines and Standards for Visual Science Libraries Serving Optometric Institutions, a paper first issued by the Association of Visual Science Librarians (AVSL) in 1976. Their purpose is to provide minimum standards as an aid to accreditation bodies and to institutions initiating library service. In this revision, the Standards and Guidelines have been separated physically so that current information can be updated more frequently and easily. The Standards are a qualitative statement about the minimum levels of staff, collections, and services that should be expected from visual science libraries; the Guidelines contain suggested lists of journals and other quantitative data subject to frequent change. The Guidelines are available separately from the AVSL.
Architecture↗
Memorial Library. A half-century of service.
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Libraries, Medical↗
Fees for service in medical library networks.
In 1969 the Cleveland Health Sciences Library began an Institutional Membership. This was to be a fee-for-service arrangement to provide for library service, consultation on library and related matters, and development of educational programs for a wide range of institutional staff. Over fifty institutions now belong. Experience suggests that serious questions are raised by such a relationship between a resource library and libraries in a number of institutions. The membership involves a per capita cost for Cleveland hospitals with house staff, and a cost-plus-fixed-fee for others. Total access has been provided in hopes that experience in use can lead to the development of costs and policies.
Journal Article↗
Chat reference service in medical libraries: part 1--An introduction.
Chat reference services offer the opportunity to provide immediate access to quality information to meet the medical information needs of students, faculty, staff, physicians, nurses, and allied health care professionals. Part 1 of this two-part article on chat reference service in medical libraries is an introduction to the management of chat reference services and to features available for chat reference. The management of chat reference services raises issues of planning, staffing, selecting, and marketing. Planning issues focus on the identification of the users, the users' medical information needs, and the users' information-seeking behavior. Staffing issues relate to the selection of chat hours, the location of the chat service, and participation in collaborative agreements. Selecting chat software weighs the sophistication of the chat features against the related cost. Marketing uses techniques similar to traditional reference services and often begins slowly as chat expertise develops. Part 2 of the article discusses trends in chat reference services in medical libraries.
Cooperative Behavior↗
The necessity for a collection development policy statement.
The heart of the library lies in its collections, and collections have to be built continuously. Budgetary constraints perforce stress the need for better defined collection development policy, although the ultimate goal should be an improvement of library service rather than any reduction of library cost. A written collection development policy facilitates a consistent and balanced growth of library resources, and a dynamic policy is one that evolves as the institution grows. Such a policy is based on the understanding of the needs of the community it serves and seeks to define and delimit the goals and objectives of the institution. A collection development statement is not a substitute for book selection; it charts the forest but does not plant the trees. It should be used as a guidepost, not a crutch. Book selection requires judgment and the courage to choose. A sound collection development policy, on the other hand, provides the necessary rational without which a collection may grow amoebalike, by means of pseudopodia.
Book Selection↗
[Theoretical frame of reference for the establishment of an international health information network].
This article discusses the principal problems of health information systems. It describes the benefits that would accrue from the adoption of a new policy for the organization of medical libraries based on the principles of selectivity and exchanges of resources in order to make library services more cost-effective. It describes how this cost-effectiveness can be achieved not only in a single library but in an entire health information network. It is also shown how a basic collection can be assembled by having the material selected by a group of experts, and by selection based on the frequency of references to different works. Finally, the author enumerates what he regards as the basic requirements for the success of information systems, among them the identification and acquisition of appropriate technology for the circulation, maintenance and use of the material, training for the personnel of the inter-change network, the education of users, and the establishment of a sound financial structure.
Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
Responding to the reform--are we meeting the need?
Changes in postgraduate medical education funding have had a major impact on the management of NHS library services. This paper looks at the nature of these services, by reviewing the literature on the information-gathering needs and practices of different groups of health-care professionals, and by relating the findings to the types of information service currently available. It is concluded that library and information professionals need to develop services that are more accurately attuned to the needs of their users, and various ways of approaching this objective are suggested.
Education, Medical, Continuing↗
Information services. Knowledge is power.
The drive for evidence-based care is placing new demands on NHS libraries. Wendy Lopatin offers a guide to sources of healthcare information, and Pauline Blagden describes overhauling library services in a community trust.
Directories as Topic↗
The medical libraries of Vietnam--a service in transition.
The medical libraries of Vietnam maintain high profiles within their institutions and are recognized by health care professionals and administrators as an important part of the health care system. Despite the multitude of problems in providing even a minimal level of medical library services, librarians, clinicians, and researchers nevertheless are determined that enhanced services be made available. Currently, services can be described as basic and unsophisticated, yet viable and surprisingly well organized. The lack of hard western currency required to buy materials and the lack of library technology will be major obstacles to improving information services. Vietnam, like many developing nations, is about to enter a period of technological upheaval, which ultimately will result in a transition from the traditional library limited by walls to a national resource that will rely increasingly on electronic access to international knowledge networks. Technology such as CD-ROM, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), and satellite telecommunication networks such as Internet can provide the technical backbone to provide access to remote and widely distributed electronic databases to support the information needs of the health care community. Over the long term, access to such databases likely will be cost-effective, in contrast to the assuredly astronomical cost of building a comparable domestic print collection. The advent of new, low-cost electronic technologies probably will revolutionize health care information services in developing nations. However, for the immediate future, the medical libraries of Vietnam will require ongoing sustained support from the international community, so that minimal levels of resources will be available to support the information needs of the health care community. It is remarkable, and a credit to the determination of Vietnam's librarians that, in a country with a legacy of war, economic deprivation, and international isolation, they have somehow managed to provide a sound basic level of information services for health care professionals.
Communism↗
A library-based bioinformatics services program.
Support for molecular biology researchers has been limited to traditional library resources and services in most academic health sciences libraries. The University of Washington Health Sciences Libraries have been providing specialized services to this user community since 1995. The library recruited a Ph.D. biologist to assess the molecular biological information needs of researchers and design strategies to enhance library resources and services. A survey of laboratory research groups identified areas of greatest need and led to the development of a three-pronged program: consultation, education, and resource development. Outcomes of this program include bioinformatics consultation services, library-based and graduate level courses, networking of sequence analysis tools, and a biological research Web site. Bioinformatics clients are drawn from diverse departments and include clinical researchers in need of tools that are not readily available outside of basic sciences laboratories. Evaluation and usage statistics indicate that researchers, regardless of departmental affiliation or position, require support to access molecular biology and genetics resources. Centralizing such services in the library is a natural synergy of interests and enhances the provision of traditional library resources. Successful implementation of a library-based bioinformatics program requires both subject-specific and library and information technology expertise.
Computational Biology↗
A survey of users and non-users of a UK teaching hospital library and information service.
BACKGROUND: The Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust was formed in 2002 with the merger of two existing trusts. The library services unified to create a new expanded service with 11 staff. OBJECTIVES: The librarians wanted to test out users' opinions of the service, as a basis for a developmental strategy. They also wanted to find out to what extent they were offering a multi-disciplinary service, available to all staff. Therefore it was decided to include both users and non-users in the survey. METHODS: A twenty-question questionnaire was sent out to a 10% sample of registered users in all staff categories. The same questionnaire was sent out to a 10% sample of non-users, with the help of the Human Resources Department. RESULTS: The library staff and facilities were generally well regarded. The stock needed expansion in various areas, especially allied health and biomedical science. Non-users were in fact often occasional or remote users. Other non-users needed informing that they were entitled to use the service. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is required, especially concerning the information needs of allied health and scientific staff. There is a need for stock expansion. A marketing strategy is required to capture the interest of potential users.
Consumer Behavior↗
Analyzing the research record of an institution's list of faculty publications.
Few health sciences libraries maintain databases and produce bibliographies of the publications of their institution's faculty. By offering such services, libraries can provide faculty members with a qualitative analysis of where and how their research is cited and its impact in the fields of biomedicine and related health sciences. Journal Citation Reports (JCR), produced by the Institute for Scientific Information, is a powerful tool that provides information on citations appearing in the largest, most frequently used, most cited, and highest-impact journals. This paper discusses the role libraries play in providing information about faculty publications, reviews how JCR is used by libraries, discusses how the Ehrman Medical Library of the New York University Medical Center uses JCR, and makes recommendations for the use of JCR to strengthen the librarian's role in providing information to faculty about the value of their research.
Bibliographies as Topic↗
Providing consumer health information via health professionals.
The Health Education Center in Pittsburgh, a community-based health promotion agency which provides library services to health professionals, students, and the lay public, received a resource grant in 1981 from the National Library of Medicine to study professionals' awareness of consumer health information (CHI) materials for their patients and clients. A survey of telephone patrons and on-site library patrons provided details on health professionals' use of the CHI resource center: their areas of interest, the material formats they preferred, and the intended use of the materials. Health professionals' demand for information about consumer-oriented materials and their satisfaction with the HEC library suggest that such a resource can be a valuable asset to a community.
Area Health Education Centers↗
The economics of academic health sciences libraries: cost recovery in the era of big science.
With launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in the late 1950s, science and technology became a high priority in the United States. During the two decades since, health sciences libraries have experienced changes in almost all aspects of their operations. Additionally, recent developments in medical care and in medical education have had major influences on the mission of health science libraries. In the unending struggle to keep up with new technologies and services, libraries have had to support increasing demands while they receive a decreasing share of the health care dollar. This paper explores the economic challenges faced by academic health sciences libraries and suggests measures for augmenting traditional sources of funding. The development of marketing efforts, institutional memberships, and fee-based services by the Louis Calder Memorial Library, University of Miami School of Medicine, is presented as a case study.
Direct Service Costs↗
Chasing the sun: a virtual reference service between SAHSLC (SA) and SWICE (UK).
AIM: In 2002, a discussion in the United Kingdom (UK) between South-west Information for Clinical Effectiveness (SWICE) librarians and a member of the South Australian Department of Human Services Libraries' Consortium (SAHSLC) raised the possibility of developing an after-hours virtual reference service between the two consortium groups. The aim of the service is to put medical practitioners in contact with a librarian when urgent help is required in finding clinical medical information after hours. METHODS: A trial project has begun and has been given the name 'Chasing the Sun'. The service will make use of time-zone differences between the UK and Australia, so that librarians at work in another country will be able to answer urgent patient-related queries that cannot wait until normal office hours. RESULTS: This paper looks at the development of 'Chasing the Sun' from initial concept, funding proposal and trial project stage to implementation. It includes details of the groundwork, software evaluation, trials, outcomes, cost and benefits, future directions and potential problems yet to be experienced or overcome. CONCLUSION: This service is the first of its kind between health libraries in the world and offers potential for future worldwide expansion.
After-Hours Care↗
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CANADIAN MEDICAL LIBRARIES.
Library developments since the Biomedical Library's establishment in 1951 are discussed, including the province-wide B.C. Medical Library Service and the recent activities of Canadian medical school librarians. The recommendations about medical libraries, which were submitted by the Committee of the Medical Science Libraries, C.L.A.-A.C.B., in its Brief to the Canadian Government's Royal Commission on Health Services, are listed. There is some discussion of the Survey report of the twelve medical school libraries which has been prepared for the Royal Commission's Special Committee on Medical Education, the outcome of which will not be known until midsummer 1963.
Canada↗
The concept and reality of shared hospital services.
This decentralized model of sharing health care services, in which a small community hospital through its own initiative has continued to successfully provide services not only to its peer hospitals but to larger secondary hospitals, is a useful example of the effective co-operation and co-ordination between hospitals. Shared Services has successfully evolved from a concept to its present reality as a provider of quality health care services. These programs supply co-ordinated services which both enhance patient care and benefit all hospital staff members. As the merits of both the Respiratory Therapy and Library Services Programs continue to demonstrate themselves, and as the spirit of cooperation between member hospitals continues to grow, the potential for future development of the Shared Services Program is yet to be realized.
Hospital Bed Capacity, 100 to 299↗