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The spatial pattern of international labour flows from and to Pakistan: a preliminary analysis.

"This paper attempts to identify the international labour flows of Pakistinis focussing on their geographical distribution. Based on a survey conducted by the Overseas Pakistanis Foundation and the Population Census of 1981 the study suggests that less developed districts are characterised by low out-migration and high return-migration. In addition, structural characteristics (e.g., land tenure) may be important in explaining low mobility from some underdeveloped districts...."

Asia↗

Intraregional migration of skilled manpower.

This is an analysis of the migration of skilled manpower among the countries of Latin America. "The author reviews its causes, possible implications, the characteristics of these flows of skilled migrants, and the relationship between what is to be observed in some countries and the official attitude adopted by their Governments. This examination suggests that the emigration of skilled human resources, regardless of their destination, is invariably a loss for developing countries owing to [migrants] high social value and economic cost."

Demography↗

Immigrants and the professions.

"The extent to which migrants holding professional qualifications have been able to put these qualifications to productive use in Australia has long been a contentious issue. This article provides some answers which we hope will allow the debate on the extent and causes of migrant professional progress in Australia to proceed on a firmer foundation." The authors find that "migrants have made a major contribution to Australia's professionally-qualified workforce. Those arriving pre-1980s and early 1980s have largely been able to convert their qualifications into professional level employment. However, later arriving migrants have been far less successful."

Australia↗

Remigration: return of the prodigals--an analysis of the impact of the cycles of migration and remigration on caste mobility.

"The focus of this research note is the migration of the Patidar community to East Africa--and remigration to Gujarat, India. The primary motive for migration of the immigrant Patidars was to work, accumulate money and return to India, claiming a higher caste status. By 1931, a sufficient number of the community had become economically affluent and were given a higher caste status by the census enumerators. This study illustrates the transient nature of Indian migration to East Africa and its impact on caste mobility."

Africa↗