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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Photodegradation of nitrobenzene using 172 nm excimer UV lamp.

Photodegradation of nitrobenzene (NB) using an excimer UV lamp at a wavelength of 172 nm is investigated. Experimental results show that high concentration nitrobenzene can be efficiently degraded with irradiation by excimer UV lamp, and confirm that degradation of nitrobenzene is more efficient by UV/H(2)O(2) combination than UV only. In the case of using UV only, 60 min of treatment was found to be sufficient to degrade the major part of NB solution with a concentration of less than 4mM. In the case of using the combination of UV/H(2)O(2) with a H(2)O(2) concentration of 7:1 molar ratio to NB, 4.07 mM NB solution drastically decreased to 0.41 mM after treatment for only 20 min. Degradation intermediate products are identified by analyzing the degradation products with GC/HRMS and possible degradation pathways of nitrobenzene are suggested.

Hydrogen Peroxide↗
PubMed2005

Oxidative decomposition of azo dye C.I. Acid Orange 7 (AO7) under microwave electrodeless lamp irradiation in the presence of H2O2.

A novel microwave electrodeless lamp (MWL) rather than traditional electrode lamp (TEL) was used in a H(2)O(2)/MWL system as light source. This technique provided a new way to study the simultaneous effect of both UV-vis light and microwave irradiations. This study showed that H(2)O(2)/MWL process was 32% more effective than H(2)O(2)/TEL process in degrading azo dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7). Further study found that the degradation of AO7 by the H(2)O(2)/MWL process was initiated by the attack of HO* radicals generated by the photolysis of H(2)O(2). However, the direct photolysis of AO7 by MWL irradiation was not negligible. Effect of operation parameters, such as the initial concentrations of AO7 and H(2)O(2) and pH, were investigated. A kinetic model of degradation of AO7 by H(2)O(2)/MWL process was found, in which not only the HO* oxidation but also direct photolysis were considered. The kinetic model was consistent with the experiment results. The degradation of AO7 by H(2)O(2)/MWL corresponded to a pseudo-first order reaction. The apparent reaction constant (k(ap)) was a function of initial concentrations of H(2)O(2) and AO7 and pH of the solution.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed2005

Morphological, clinical and genetic aspects in a family with a novel LAMP-2 gene mutation (Danon disease).

A family with several cases of severe cardiomyopathy and moderate myopathy is described, affecting two brothers and their cousin as well as their mothers. One boy died of sudden cardiac arrest at 17 years of age. The two brothers were treated with an implantable defibrillator and their mother died suddenly at 40 years of age. Muscle biopsy in males showed vacuolar myopathy in two cases, and no abnormality on standard staining in the third case. Cardiac biopsies showed hypertrophic and vacuolated fibres. Complete absence of LAMP-2 was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry on the vacuolated skeletal and cardiac muscle, but also on the morphologically normal skeletal muscle. Sequencing of LAMP-2 gene showed a novel S157X mutation in exon 4. Danon disease is a rare and potentially lethal cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Diagnosis can be made by immunohistochemistry performed on cardiac or muscle biopsy, and confirmed by genetic analysis, which also allows for easy family screening and counselling.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Rapid identification of Ochroconis gallopava by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method.

Ochroconis gallopava is a species of dematiaceous fungi recognized as a causative agent of zoonotic and emerging fungal infections. It affects the central nervous system and respiratory tracts of humans, birds and cats. We designed O. gallopava species-specific primer sets to aid in its identification by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method based on the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rDNA sequence. The LAMP method successfully detected the gene from both fungal DNA and experimentally infected brains and spleens of mice and will be helpful in the diagnosis of O. gallopava infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Fe(III) homogeneous photocatalysis for the removal of 1,2-dichlorobenzene in aqueous solution by means UV lamp and solar light.

Chlorinated hydrocarbons are widely used in chemical industries as solvents and intermediates for pesticides and dyes manufacture. Their presence was documented in rivers, groundwaters and seawaters. In this work, the oxidation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene in aqueous solutions by means of Fe(III) homogeneous photocatalysis under UV lamp and sunlight irradiations is studied. The results show that the best working conditions are found for pH=3.0 and initial [Fe(III)] concentration equal to 1.0x10(-4) molL(-1) although the investigated system can be utilized even at pH close to 4.0 but with slower abatement kinetics. Some dicholoroderivatives, such as 2,3-dichlorophenol, 3,4-dichlorophenol and 2-chlorophenol, are identified as oxidation intermediates. The values of the kinetic constant for the photochemical reoxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) are evaluated by a mathematical model in the range 1.58-3.78 Lmol(-1)s(-1) and 0.69-0.78 Lmol(-1)s(-1) for the systems irradiated by UV lamp and sunlight, respectively.

Catalysis↗
PubMed2006

Effects of low- or medium-pressure ultraviolet lamp irradiation on Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena variabilis.

A pure culture of Microcystis aeruginosa or Anabaena variabilis, the representatives of water blooming algae, was exposed to low-pressure (LP) or medium-pressure (MP) UV lamps. Irradiated pure culture suspension was subsequently incubated for 7d under white light fluorescent lamps. During incubation, profiles of the number of cells, DNA damage and photosynthetic activity were determined. When UV fluence was 600mJ/cm(2), M. aeruginosa cell numbers decreased throughout the 7-d incubation period, to produce 1.5log reduction (LP) or 1.2log reduction (MP) compared with control. The amount of DNA damage was 2.02x10(-4) ESS/base (LP) and 3.42x10(-4) ESS/base (MP) just after UV irradiation, which became 0.05x10(-4) ESS/base and 0.23x10(-4) ESS/base, respectively, after 3d incubation. However, cell number kept decreasing, even after DNA repair. Photosynthetic activity decreased by 1.5log within 1d (LP) or 3d (MP). Thus, reduction in photosynthetic activity could contribute to the reduction in M. aeruginosa cell numbers. A. variabilis cell numbers reduced by 2.3log (LP) or 2.2log (MP) during the 7-d incubation period; however, after DNA damage repair, cell number began to increase. The amount of DNA damage was 6.07x10(-4) ESS/base (LP) and 4.48x10(-4) ESS/base (MP) just after UV irradiation, which became 0.23x10(-4) ESS/base and 0.40x10(-4) ESS/base, respectively, after 3d incubation. No reduction was observed in photosynthetic activity/cell. Therefore, DNA damage is the main contributor of the reduction in cell number of A. variabilis.

Anabaena variabilis↗
PubMed1985

A new contact glass for slit-lamp examination of the cornea, especially in specular reflection.

A new contact glass of 2.2X magnification for the examination of the cornea is described. With it, all three types of illumination provided by the slit lamp can be used to advantage: specular reflection, optical section, and indirect light. A precorneal chamber filled with liquid abolishes the surface reflex of the tear film, and a built-in orange filter suppresses most of the light scattered by the corneal stroma. In specular examination the necessity for a large angle between the illumination and observation beams no longer exists, so that quite small angles can be used. Since at the same time such a glass considerably widens the usable field, epi- and endothelioscopy are greatly facilitated. Handling of the glass is as easy as in routine biomicroscopy. It is shown that a contact glass of power M increases the resolution in depth by a factor of M2. Image distortion introduced by the glass is measured and found to be tolerable within the area of photographic records usable for cell density determinations. Some modifications made on the Nikon FS-2 photo slit lamp in order to improve its suitability for endotheliography are described. Clinical application of the method is documented by several examples.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Urine fluorescence using a Wood's lamp to detect the antifreeze additive sodium fluorescein: a qualitative adjunctive test in suspected ethylene glycol ingestions.

Antifreeze ingestions require rapid and accurate differential diagnosis to prevent fatal outcomes. Sodium fluorescein is added to some commercial antifreeze preparations (ethylene glycol) to a final concentration of approximately 20 micrograms/mL as a colorant to aid in detection of automobile cooling-system leaks. For an adult human being, a potentially toxic volume of antifreeze is 30 mL, which contains 0.4 to 0.6 mg sodium fluorescein. Six male volunteers were given a 0.6-mg oral bolus of sodium fluorescein on an empty stomach. Urine was collected at two-hour intervals. Using a Wood's lamp, visually detectable fluorescence was seen with 100% reliability for two hours and 60% reliability for four hours. A second group of male volunteers was given the same dose of sodium fluorescein, and fluorescence was measured with a fluorometer during a six-hour period. Detectable fluorescence was present in all samples except the zero time point, including those with no fluorescence present by visual examination. We conclude that exposing urine to a Wood's lamp may be a useful adjunctive diagnostic test for early evaluation of patients with suspected antifreeze ingestion while awaiting definitive quantitative analysis of serum ethylene glycol concentration. A prospective clinical trial is needed to evaluate the frequency of false-positives and false-negatives.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Photodegradation of 17alpha-ethynylestradiol in aqueous solution exposed to a high-pressure mercury lamp (250 W).

The photodegradation of 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE(2)) induced by high-pressure mercury lamp (lambda> or =313, 250 W) in aqueous solution of EE(2) was investigated initially. The affecting factors on the photodegradation were studied and described in details, such as EE(2) initial concentration, Fe(3+), algae, exposure time, and so on. The concentration of EE(2) in distilled water was mainly determined using fluorescence spectrophotometer. The photodegradation of EE(2) in aqueous solution exposed to high-pressure mercury lamp was evident and could be accelerated by Fe(3+) or algae (e.g. Anabaena cylindrica) in general. With the algae concentration increasing, photodegradation rate increased. In this paper, the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of EE(2) by Fe(3+) or algae is discussed primarily.

Anabaena↗
PubMed2003

Mercury speciation in fluorescent lamps by thermal release analysis.

In this work, mercury speciation in phosphorus powder matrices and soda lime glass waste from new and spent fluorescent lamp wastes has been studied by thermo-desorption/atomic absorption spectrometry (TDAAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cold vapor-atomic absorption (CV-AAS) and atomic emission spectrometry/inductively coupled plasma (ICP/AES). TDAAS results show the presence of oxidized forms of mercury, i.e., Hg(1+) and Hg(2+), especially in wastes with high mercury concentration. Such forms are mobile, and therefore represent a potential hazard waste material. Glass TD profiles of spent fluorescent lamps suggested the presence of mercury strongly linked to the matrix, which desorbs only at high temperatures.

Hazardous Waste↗
PubMed2002

Danon's disease (X-linked vacuolar cardiomyopathy and myopathy): a case with a novel Lamp-2 gene mutation.

Herein, we report a new case of Danon's disease in a 41-year-old Frenchman. This patient displays the typical clinical triad, with cardiomyopathy, mental retardation and myopathy, and a vacuolar myopathy without acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency. He has also developed a diffuse chorio-capillary ocular atrophy, and represents the second case of successful heart transplantation in this lysosomal disease. Interestingly, analysis of LAMP-2 protein expression in cultured fibroblasts revealed a primary deficiency of this lysosomal membrane protein. This defect resulted from a yet undescribed deletion in exon 7 of lamp-2 gene.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Experimental and model comparisons of low- and medium-pressure Hg lamps for the direct and H2O2 assisted UV photodegradation of N-nitrosodimethylamine in simulated drinking water.

Both low- and medium-pressure Hg lamps (LP and MP, respectively) were used as ultraviolet light (UV) sources to destroy N-nitrosodimethylamine in a synthetic "natural" water. The lamp performances were directly compared via the UV fluence-based rate constants, which demonstrates that LP and MP have virtually identical photonic efficiencies (fluence-based rate constants of 2.29E-3 and 2.35E-3 cm2/mJ, respectively). This indicates that the quantum yield for NDMA photolysis is independent of wavelength in the UVC region: a value of 0.30 mol/einstein is found at pH 8.1. Addition of 100 mg/L of H2O2 leads to a 30% increase in the LP fluence-based rate constant but does not alter the MP rate constant, likely due to the tradeoff between light screening by H2O2 and additional radical based degradation. However, in terms of the time-based rate constant, this level of H2O2 slightly enhances the LP performance but hinders the MP performance, suggesting that H2O2 is of little or no economic benefit for NDMA removal by UV. All these effects are explained by modeling the photochemistry according to standard equations. The model predicts that H2O2 may enhance NDMA removal for short optical path lengths but that light-screening by H2O2 may decrease the removal rates for optical path lengths typical of those found in UV reactors.

Deuterium Oxide↗
PubMed2003

Lethal photosensitization of periodontal pathogens by a red-filtered Xenon lamp in vitro.

BACKGROUND: The ability of Helium-Neon (He-Ne) laser irradiation of a photosensitizer to induce localized phototoxic effects that kill periodontal pathogens is well documented and is termed photodynamic therapy (PDT). OBJECTIVES: We investigated the potential of a conventional light source (red-filtered Xenon lamp) to activate toluidine blue O (TBO) in vitro and determined in vitro model parameters that may be used in future in vivo trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Porphyromonas gingivalis 381 was used as the primary test bacterium. RESULTS: Treatment with a 2.2 J/cm2 light dose and 50 micro g/ml TBO concentration resulted in a bacterial kill of 2.43 +/- 0.39 logs with the He-Ne laser control and 3.34 +/- 0.24 logs with the lamp, a near 10-fold increase (p = 0.028). Increases in light intensity produced significantly higher killing (p = 0.012) that plateaued at 25 mW/cm2. There was a linear relationship between light dose and bacterial killing (r2 = 0.916); as light dose was increased bacterial survival decreased. No such relationship was found for the drug concentrations tested. Addition of serum or blood at 50% v/v to the P. gingivalis suspension prior to irradiation diminished killing from approximately 5 logs to 3 logs at 10 J/cm2. When serum was washed off, killing returned to 5 logs for all species tested except Bacteroides forsythus (3.92 +/- 0.68 logs kill). CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that PDT utilizing a conventional light source is at least as effective as laser-induced treatment in vitro. Furthermore, PDT achieves significant bactericidal activity in the presence of serum and blood when used with the set parameters of 10 J/cm2, 100 mW/cm2 and 12.5 micro g/ml TBO.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMed2001

Effectiveness of optometrist screening for diabetic retinopathy using slit-lamp biomicroscopy.

PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of optometrists as screeners for diabetic retinopathy using slit-lamp binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy through dilated pupils. METHODS: Prospective study of a screening scheme. Screening was performed by 27 locally accredited optometrists in their practice. The referral protocol used a new simple grading system of retinopathy, especially designed for use in an optometrist screening programme. All positive referrals and 10% of negative referrals were reexamined by an ophthalmologist. Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and technical failure rates were calculated. RESULTS: The optometrists screened 4904 people with diabetes in 18 months. 'Subthreshold' (screen negative) reports accounted for 4438 (90.5% of 4904); 429 (9.67%) of these were re-examined at secondary screening. There was disagreement regarding grading in 13 patients, of whom 5 (1.16% of 429) had sight-threatening retinopathy (STDR); this extrapolates to 52 patients if all the 4438 test-negatives had been examined. Of the 371 'threshold' patients, 112 (30.18%) were false positives; the commonest cause for false positive referral was drusen in patients with background diabetic retinopathy. The sensitivity for identification of STDR was 76% (95% CI 70% to 81%) and specificity 95% (95% CI 95% to 96%). The likelihood ratio of a positive test indicating STDR was 16.54 (95% CI 14.17 to 19.23) and that of a negative test 0.25 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.32). The technical failure rate was 0.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Suitably trained and accredited community optometrists performed well when screening for diabetic retinopathy using slit-lamp biomicroscopy through a dilated pupil. This was facilitated by the use of simple grading and referral criteria. The sensitivity, positive likelihood ratio and specificity were high.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2004

LAMP, a new imaging assay of gap junctional communication unveils that Ca2+ influx inhibits cell coupling.

Using a new class of photo-activatible fluorophores, we have developed a new imaging technique for measuring molecular transfer rates across gap junction connexin channels in intact living cells. This technique, named LAMP, involves local activation of a molecular fluorescent probe, NPE-HCCC2/AM, to optically label a cell. Subsequent dye transfer through gap junctions from labeled to unlabeled cells was quantified by fluorescence microscopy. Additional uncagings after prior dye transfers reached equilibrium enabled multiple measurements of dye transfer rates in the same coupled cell pair. Measurements in the same cell pair minimized variation due to differences in cell volume and number of gap junctions, allowing us to track acute changes in gap junction permeability. We applied the technique to study the regulation of gap junction coupling by intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)). Although agonist or ionomycin exposure can raise bulk [Ca(2+)](i) to levels higher than those caused by capacitative Ca(2+) influx, the LAMP assay revealed that only Ca(2+) influx through the plasma membrane store-operated Ca(2+) channels strongly reduced gap junction coupling. The noninvasive and quantitative nature of this imaging technique should facilitate future investigations of the dynamic regulation of gap junction communication.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Congruent corneal cap of metal foil as protection of the eye against light and heat from operation lamps].

A protective cap of aluminum foil, covering the cornea, offers effective protection from the light and heat of surgical lamps. None of the 120 patients who underwent surgery in the course of a year, for implantation of Siensky-Kratz posterior chamber lenses (Intermedics), developed cystoid macular edema, the protective cap having been used whenever possible during the operation. The glare of the lamps, which is a torture for non-anesthetized patients, should alone be considered reason enough to cover the eye with a protective cap of this kind.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1983

The UVB content of 'UVA fluorescent lamps' and its erythemal effectiveness in human skin.

The UVB emission from ten different types of 'UVA fluorescent lamp' has been measured by spectroradiometry. The mean ratio of UVB emission to UVA emission was found to be 0.94 +/- 0.35 (1 SD)%. By weighting the spectral irradiance of each lamp by the DIN standard erythemal curve, the mean erythemally effective UVB emission (normalised to 297 nm), expressed as a percentage of the UVA emission, was 0.076 +/- 0.049 (1 SD)%.

Erythema↗