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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio in ageing skeletal muscle.

In order to investigate possible changes in the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio of the muscle fibres during ageing, samples of quadriceps femoris from 15 normal individuals whose age ranged from 17 to 82 years were studied (autopsy material). The mean lesser diameter and the number and size of the muscle fibre nuclei were calculated using a planimetric technique. It was found that nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio increased significantly after the age of 60 years. This was due to a decrease in the mean fibre size whilst the number and the size of myonuclei remained unchanged. The resemblance of this finding to denervation atrophy changes is noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[The karyogram of normal and of fatty livers in man (author's transl)].

The karyomgrams of normal human livers (50 biopsides from patients of varied age) and of fatty livers (350 biopsies from patients with diabetes, alcoholism, and fatty cirrhosis) were investigated. The nuclear diameters were measured with an analyzer of particle size--the "TGZ-3 Zeiss"--, the cut surface of the nuclei was determined and the nuclei categorized accordingly. 1. The normal liver in each age group is characterized by a well-defined nuclear pattern that is specific for this organ. In the 3rd decade nuclei of the main class predominate. In later decades 2 classes of large nuclei gradually appear and reach their mximum after the 50th year. In the 7th decade a reduction of the cut nuclear surface takes place in all the categoreis, presumably determined by a reduction of function. 2. The increase in the number of large nuclei is explained by abortive karyokineses which in the course of the normal turnover of cells ("Zellmauserung"), increasingly replace normal mitoses. This is This is attributed to disturbances of the achromatic apparatus that occur with increasing age. 3. Alcoholic, and even more so diabetic, fatty change leads to the formation of particularly large nuclei. This appears to depend on the volume of the individual fat droplet within the individual cell rather than on the degree of fatty change of the whole liver. 4...

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cell kinetic and cytological grading of prostatic carcinoma.

In 69 cases of prostatic carcinomas The 3H-thymidine labelling index was studied, and a cytological analysis was performed in addition to the histological classification. The following cytological variables were measured: nuclear size and shape, nuclear-cytoplasmic-ratio, nuclear chromasia, size and form of nucleoli. Only prostatic carcinomas with a labelling index of less than 0.4% showed mild nuclear anaplasia. These carcinomas were histologically classified as well differentiated adenocarcinomas. Prostatic carcinomas with a labelling index from 0.4% to 1.0% showed moderate nuclear anaplasia. These carcinomas were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Carcinomas with labeling indices between 1.4 and 2.3% had moderate - marked nuclear anaplasia and exhibited a transition to undifferentiated carcinomas. Carcinomas with a labelling index higher than 2.3% were cribriform and undifferentiated carcinomas with marked nuclear anaplasia. The present studies have shown a correlation between both histological classification and cytological appearances with indicators of cell kinetics.U

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Aneurysmal bone cyst and telangiectatic osteosarcoma. A histopathological and morphometric study.

In a series of 105 cases of aneurysmal bone cyst, 18 showed an unusually high level of mitotic activity and/or increased nuclear pleomorphism which complicated the differential diagnosis with respect to telangiectatic osteosarcoma. An attempt was made to use semi-automatized morphometric and histophotometric techniques to establish objective morphological differences between these unusual cases of aneurysmal bone cyst and 16 cases of telangiectatic osteosarcoma. Three cases (two of aneurysmal bone cyst and one of telangiectatic osteosarcoma) proved unsuitable for analysis. In 24 of the remaining 31 cases (77%) a computerized discriminant analysis permitted correct discreimination with a high degree of certainty on the basis of quantitative nuclear characteristics determined in paraffin sections. In the other 7 cases the diagnosis was less certain (3), doubtful (2) or erroneous (2). The relevant nuclear characteristics were (in ascending sequence of discrimination): the largest nuclear surface area, the mitotic index, and the percentage of nuclear sections exceeding an arbitrarily chosen limit of 60 micron2. The criterion of nuclear size for discrimination between these benign and malignant lesions could be applied for two reasons: firstly, because a group of extremely large nuclei occur in malignant cases, and secondly, because the average nuclear size is larger in malignant than in benign lesions. The extremely large nuclei occur as only a small percentage of the total nuclear population. The other variables investigated, i.e., cellularity and nuclear contour ratio, did not contribute greatly to the differentiation. In 11 cases, the average nuclear Feulgen extinction was estimated as an additional variable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Computer analysis of chromatin arrangement and nuclear texture in follicular thyroid tumours.

The differentiation of the thyroid glands follicular neoplasias into adenomas and carcinomas is currently done using the histological criteria recommended by WHO. This pilot study of 10 human follicular carcinomas and 10 folliculars adenomas demonstrates the possibility of a cytological classification using digital picture processing of high resolution cell images. Giemsa stained paraplast sections were scanned with a Colour-TV-camera, different channels were used with respect to staining and analyzing methods and computed with an image processing system. The computer aided cytophotometric methods detected significant differences in the chromatin arrangement and structure.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Factors affecting the estimation of the relative amount of chromophore and chromophore area by the two-wavelength method of Patau and Ornstein.

Factors influencing the calculation of the relative amount of chromophore and the chromophore area by the two-wavelength method are examined. The study was carried out with the help of models and further tested on Feulgen stained preparations. Except for certain restrictions the difference between the chromophore area as calculated from the two transmissions measurements and the chromophore area obtained by planimetry can be used as a guide for determining the proper measuring conditions, including the choise of the two wavelengths.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Hepatocyte population dynamics during hydrocortisone and thioacetamide treatment.

The orderly organization in a number of discrete classes of weight persists in the hepatocytes during acute and chronic poisoning with thioacetamide and during a prolonged treatment with hydrocortisone, though many striking cytological and structural changes occur in the liver. The number of hepatocyte classes decreases under hydrocortisone treatment and during acute and chronic thioacetamide poisoning, and increases during recovery after acute thioacetamide poisoning and during the late phases of chronic thioacetamide poisoning. This is due to decrements and increments in dry mass of the hepatocytes, which occur by steps, through repeated losses and additions of a constant amount of solids substantially corresponding to the class period. Such a mechanism is similar to that acting in the hepatocyte atrophy due to starvation and in the hepatocyte enlargement occurring during postnatal development. Therefore, the increment and the decrement in dry mass by defined steps takes place in the hepatocytes in both physiological and pathological conditions.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1976

Feulgen-Naphthol Yellow S cytophotometry of liver cells. The effect of formaldehyde induced shrinkage on nuclear Naphthol Yellow S binding.

1. In isolated liver cells, fixed in 4 per cent formaldehyde (NFS) for Feulgen-Naphthol Yellow S (F-NYS) staining of DNA and protein, nuclear shrinkage increases the nuclear concentration of solids to 46 per cent (w/v) before the start of the NYS staining. 2. When a fixative mixture of methanol:acetic acid:formalin (85:5:10 by volume; MAF) is used, the concentration of nuclear solids during NYS staining remain at a physiological level of 19 per cent. 3. By exposing liver cells to NFS for 10 to 120 seconds before fixation in MAF, increasing nuclear shrinkage can be induced with increasing pretreatment in NFS. Nuclear NYS binding decreases in parallel with the decreasing nuclear volume in cells thus treated. As the shrinkage induced reduction in NYS binding may vary with the net charge of nuclear non-histone proteins, MAF fixation must be preferred for quantitative determinations of nuclear non-histone protein in F-NYS stained, isolated cells. 4. Fixation in MAF offers the same advantages as NFS fixation as regards the small loss of proteins during the Feulgen staining procedure and the excellent reproducibility of the F-NYS staining. Storage of MAF fixed cells in the fixative for a few days does not alter their F-NYS staining properties. 5. In MAF fixed, F-NYS stained cells there is no NYS binding to histone basic amino acid residues.

Acetates↗