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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Osteopenia of the pelvis associated with Mseleni joint disease. Radiological aspects.

Mseleni joint disease, an endemic form of osteoarthritis (OA), is associated with osteopenia (OP). In a detailed investigation of the disorder, the degree of OP was assessed in 593 radiographs of the pelvis which were taken during surveys of four populations: rural blacks from Mseleni, rural blacks from Manguzi (a similar population to Mseleni), a black control group of rural Tswanas and a white control group from Johannesburg. Only females were included because the number of males in the rural populations was too small. The radiographic trabecular pattern was assessed at four sites: sacrum, ilium, pubis and ischium. Four grades were used: O = normal bone, 1 = minimal OP, 2 = definite OP, 3 = severe OP. The sum of the grades at the four sites made up the OP score for the individual. The OP scores increased with age in all groups, the age-specific mean OP scores did not differ in the non-OA subgroups of all four populations, and subgroups with OA had significantly higher age-specific mean OP scores than those without OA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Popliteal pterygium syndrome.

Popliteal pterygium syndrome is rare, with 50 cases described in the literature. Three additional cases are reported. The syndrome includes a popliteal web extending from the ischium to the heel associated with toenail dysplasia, eventual deformities of the foot and toes, and oral cavity abnormalities, such as cleft palate or lip pits. The main orthopedic problem is a severe flexion contracture of the knee and an equinus foot. Surgical treatment consists of resection of the web. A technical problem emerges on liberating or reconstructing the sciatic nerve or its branches, which are sometimes included within the contracted cord.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1985

[Sex determination from the skull and parts of the hip bone].

Using multivariate discriminant analyses of various skull length and breadth measurements and some measurements of the ischio-pubic and/or sacro-iliac pelvic bone segments, we remarkably improved the skeleton sex diagnosis on the larger bone samples from Prague, Brno, and Leipzig. According to NOVOTNY, a correct sexing of pelves is possible on the basis of combination of 2 type-morphognostic characters and 4 morphometric ones of the pubis, the ischium, and the greater sciatic notch (incisura ischiadica major). The symphysis region also yields several characters usable in discriminant functions which, in combination with the ventral border of the symphyseal surface, enable the sex diagnosis required by forensic medicine using one part of pelvis only.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Determination of sex with a discriminant analysis of new pelvic bone measurements: Part II.

The pelves of 100 white skeletons were measured on both sides for the following: (1) length from the superiormost aspect of the pubic symphysis to the nearest rim of the acetabulum (PS-A), (2) length from the highest point of the pubic tubercle to the nearest rim of the acetabulum (PT-A), (3) acetabular diameter (AD), (4) the vertical distance from the anterior aspect of the ischial tuberosity to the farthest rim of the acetabulum (IT-A), and (5) greatest femur head diameter. From these, three indices were derived: AD/PS-A (acetabulum/pubis index), AD/PT-A (acetabular diameter/pubic tubercle-acetabular rim index), and IT-A/PS-A (ischium-acetabulum height/pubic symphysis-acetabular rim index). The left AD/PS-A ratio and left IT-A height proved statistically to be of greatest discriminating value. Using these two variables, a discriminant function was derived which correctly separated 98% of our sample. The acetabulum/pubis ratio alone correctly assigned 95%. With either the discriminant function analysis of two variables or the acetabulum/pubis index as a single predictor, 97% of our sample of known sex was correctly identified if all specimens that fell within a doubtful or overlapping range of values were sorted by femur head diameter.

Anthropology, Physical↗
PubMed1977

[Arterial vascularization of the os coxae].

Study of the arterial vascularization of the coxal bone by microangiographic methods. Nutritive and periosteal blood-vessels come from Iliaca interna and Iliaca externa arteries. The ilium is vascularized by the Ilio-lumbalis artery which is a nutritive blood vessel. A eriosteal vascularization also exists. Ischium and pubis have a periosteal vascularization. Blood vessels are oriented toward the sus-acetabulum area where many anastomoses exist.

Angiography↗
PubMed1982

[Triple juxtacotyloid osteotomy].

The authors have developed a technique of triple innominate osteotomy derived from that describe by Steele. The three osteotomy divisions are made very close to the acetabulum. With this technique the acetabulum can more easily be re-orientated and the pubis and ischium are left intact with their muscle attachments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Intracapsular and intraosseous vascular supply to the mature dog's coxofemoral joint.

The intracapsular and intraosseous arterial supply to the mature dog's coxofemoral joint was investigated using a vascular injection, tissue-clearing technique in 6 mixed-breed dogs. Ascending arteries of the femoral neck, arising from an extracapsular vascular ring at the base of the femoral neck, penetrated the articular capsule and traveled subsynovially over the surface of the femoral neck. These intracapsular arteries formed an incomplete intracapsular vascular ring at the junction of the femoral head and neck. Bony components of the acetabulum, ie, ilium, ischium, and acetabular bones, received intraosseous vascular supply from the nutrient artery of the ilium and minute vessels entering nutrient foramina around the rim of the acetabulum. The femoral head received branches (epiphyseal arteries) from the ascending arteries of the femoral neck at the intracapsular vascular ring. Epiphyseal arteries formed anastomosing vascular arches of decreasing caliber up to the subchondral bone of the femoral head. The proximal femoral metaphysis, particularly the femoral neck, received vascular supply from 4 sources: (i) branches from the epiphyseal arteries on the surface of the physeal scar which descended, penetrating the physeal scar, (ii) distally directed branches from the intracapsular vascular ring, (iii) ascending nutrient vessels from the trochanteric fossa, and (iv) terminal branches of the ascending nutrient artery of the femur.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1983

The epizootiology and pathology of sarcoptic mange in coyotes, Canis latrans, from south Texas.

An epizootic of sarcoptic mange in coyotes from south Texas, Canis latrans , was studied over a 7-yr period, 1975 through 1981. From a four-county area centered in Webb County, Texas the epizootic radiated centrifugally to include a 27-county area. The disease progressed from initial, scabby encrustations on the ischium and fore and hind legs to severe, thickened, slate-gray hyperkeratotic lesions with almost complete alopecia. There were significant decreases in alpha-globulin and albumin, significant increases in gamma-globulin, and significant decreases in fat deposits and total body weight indicative of a chronic infection with establishment of a humoral antibody response as the infection progressed in severity. Significant differences in prevalence of mange across habitat variables of host age and sex, and across seasons were related to the juvenile/adult ratio in the coyote population at any particular time because the infection progressed more rapidly in juveniles. Population dynamics and abundance of coyotes were generally unaffected by the mange epizootic. Although higher mortality was associated with mange-infected animals, this had no effect on overall mortality in the coyote population.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

[Possibilities for using the tensor fasciae latae flap].

The TFL flap is an unusual musculo-cutaneous flap because a large island of skin (three times the area of the muscle element) can be safely elevated on a small muscular pedicle. Because of this the flap has a wide application for the repair of defects in the groin, perineum and lower abdomen or to cover the trochanter, ischium and sacrum.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1978

The adductor transfer in the high-risk hip in myelodysplasia: a preliminary report.

Hip instability occurs in meningomyelocele patients with lumbar level paralysis because of muscle imbalance. Transferring the hip adductor origins to the ischium can be used as the primary procedure to restore muscle balance and prevent hip instability in myelodysplasia patients if performed by the age of one year. Twelve lumbar meningomyelocele patients underwent bilateral adductor transfers. Secondary procedures, such as iliopsoas release or transfer or varus derotation osteotomy, were done in 14 hips. Ten hips needed no further surgery. Twenty of 24 hips were clinically and roentgenographically stable and showed roentgenographic evidence of improving hip development. Instability was associated with scoliosis, congenital dislocation, and age greater than one year at the time of the transfer.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1978

Reconstruction of the pelvic ring following tumor resection.

Two patients with chondrosarcoma of the periacetabular region were treated by local resection and reconstruction of the pelvic ring and hip, implanting a Charnley-Mueller total hip replacement and reconstituting the pelvic ring with cement reinforced by Küntscher rods and heavy Kirschner wires. The first patient, in whom adequate resection was accomplished, was well five years later and was able to walk with a mild lurch and without a cane except when walking long distances on rough ground. Despite a fall causing a fracture of the ipsilateral tibial plateau at two years and a fatigue fracture of the ipsilateral ischium which healed at 4.5 years, the implant had remained intact. In the other patient, for whom hemipelvectomy was advised but who refused it, the resection was not adequate and although he was able to walk with a cane for short distances postoperatively, he died of metastases at two years. Based on these two cases, it would appear that reconstruction of the pelvic ring and hip may be feasible in a few very carefully selected cases of periacetabular tumors.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1995

[Quantitative trauma mechanics in pelvic fracture].

Quasistatic loading of the isolated pelvis and of the pelvis in situ is reported; dynamic loading with an impactor and on 90 degrees car/car side impact are then considered. The isolated pelvis was loaded laterally at the ala of the ilium and the pelvis in situ in the anterior-posterior direction in the area of the symphysis with universal dynamometer; the loading profile was a rigid disk 150 mm in diameter. Some dynamic tests were performed with an impactor with rigid disk 80 mm in diameter as impact surface; the impact was applied against the trochanter major area at a velocity of 30-35 km/h. Otherwise, the pelvic area was stressed by impact through the intrusion of the car side or by impaction of the pelvis against a rigid wall. In the tests conducted with isolated pelves, forces of 850-4850 N were measured; pelvic fractures were observed, specifically fractures of the acetabular margin, pubic bone, and ischium, and comminuted fractures of the symphysis and the iliosacral. In the impactor tests, forces of 6.5-11 kN were enough to cause, pelvic fracture except in one case, and fractures of the femoral neck were found in some cases in addition. With quasistatic anterior-posterior loading of the pelvis in situ, forces of 4,700-10,000 N were measured in cases in which fractures were found.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The pelvic tear-figure: a three-dimensional analysis of the anatomy and effects of rotation.

Fluoroscopy and three-dimensional CT analysis were used to define the contributing anatomy and changes in appearance of the tear-figure with rotation of a pelvis. The tear-figure is a cortical structure of iliac and ischial bone that appears on anteroposterior (AP) roentgenograms of the pelvis. The contribution of these cortices to the pelvic tear-figure changes with rotation of a pelvis in a radiographic field. Cortices contributing to the tear-figure are not continuous throughout. The lateral border, inferior margin, and inferior one third of the medial border of the tear-figure is formed by a continuous segment of cortical bone extending from the deepest portion of the acetabulum around the cylindric acetabular notch, and along the inferior medial wall of the ischium. The superior two thirds of the medial border of the tear-figure consists of cortical bone extending superiorly along the medial wall of the ilium, which is not in continuity with the remainder of the components of the tear-figure. The tear-figure is not a structure of constant radiographic dimension. Its apparent dimensions change with rotation of the pelvis. The positioning of the patient for the AP pelvic roentgenogram is thus important when studying the effects of acetabular pathology on the appearance of the pelvic tear-figure.

Fluoroscopy↗
PubMed1993

[Clino-static syndrome].

The clinostatic syndrome described in 1953 by Pierre Lehman is defined by weakness of the lower limb in the supine position contrasting with absence or only slight disorders on standing, normal neurological examination and passive mobility of the hip. The aetiology generally corresponds to a malignant lesion of the base or roof of the acetabulum and very rarely a fracture of the acetabulum or aseptic necrosis of the acetabulum, detected by bone scan or plain X-rays. An inverse clinostatic syndrome of the lower limb due to lysis of the ischium has also been described.

Acetabulum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Orthopedic trauma: pelvic fracture.

1. The incidence of pelvic fractures has greatly increased; automobile and motorcycle crashes, pedestrian accidents, and falls from great height are the most common causes. Pelvic fractures caused by high-energy trauma often result in significant morbidity and mortality with mortality rates variously reported at 10% to 50%, dependent upon fracture classification and associated injuries. Mortality occurs from associated trauma to viscera, abdominal organs, and abdominal vessels, and from early complications of hemorrhage. 2. The difficulty in management of patients with pelvic fractures is determining whether fractures are stable or unstable. Single breaks with no displacement in the pelvic ring, which includes injuries to the ischium, ilium, pubis, and sacrum, are stable fractures and account for one third of all pelvic fractures. 3. Increasingly widespread use of surgical stabilization internally via rigid fixation of pelvic fractures has helped reduce the morbidity and mortality related to these fractures. Other benefits that have resulted include shortened hospitalization, decreased complications, and earlier mobility.

Fractures, Bone↗
PubMed1993

[Two cases of cancer with bone metastases treated with local therapy].

Two cases with osteolytic bone metastases from cervical cancer and esophageal cancer treated by local therapy were reported. The first case is a 53-year-old female with bone metastases of left ischium developed 1 year after hysterectomy. She was treated by intratumor injection of sizofiran (SPG) 20 mg/w and radiation therapy. After 4 weeks, ischias pain decreased and bone lesion showed remarkable calcification (PR) 8th months later. The second case is a 58-year-old male with bone metastases of the left tibia and fibula developed 1 year after surgery. He was treated by intratumor injection of SPG 20 mg/w x 4 and OK-432 1.0 KE/w x 8 after radiation therapy. After 4 weeks, pain and swelling of left leg decreased and bone lesions showed remarkable calcification (PR) three months later. We suggest that intratumor injection of SPG and OK-432 with radiation therapy was effective for osteolytic bone metastases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Triple osteotomy of the innominate bone. A procedure to accomplish coverage of the dislocated or subluxated femoral head in the older patient.

The triple osteotomy of the innominate bone is a total redirectional reconstruction and is obtained by circum-acetabular osteotomies through the ilium, ischium and pubis. The method achieves coverage of a dislocated or subluxated femoral head where other iliac osteotomies are ineffective or incomplete. Triple osteotomy was performed on 175 hips including 121 congenital dislocation-subluxations. The patients' ages ranged from 6 to 35, with 70 per cent falling between 9 and 12. Eighty-six per cent had a satisfactory result. Most of the unsatisfactory results were in cerebral palsy, myelodysplasia and peroneal muscular atrophy and associated with uncontrolled muscle contractures or progressive disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The conservative hemipelvectomy.

Conservative hemipelvectomy is the resection of the ischium, ilium and subjacent extremity. It differs from the orthodox hemipelvectomy method by retaining the ilium, which permits the patient to have normal balance, Sarcomas of the soft tissue extend toward the attachment of the pelvis. The operation has been performed upon ten patients, and the entire operative procedure can be done using the anterior approach, thus minimizing the need to turn the patient. This technique is less traumatic than either disarticulation of the hip joint or hemipelvectomy and can be performed in approximately one and one-half hours, blood loss being limited to an amount varying from 500 milliliters to 1 liter. No postoperative deaths have been recorded. Of the ten patients operated upon, none have had a local recurrence. One obese elderly woman with a liposarcoma died two years after operation from diffuse metastases. The other nine patients are alive and well from two to six years after amputation. The balance of these patients is manifested by the fact that two of them are excellent amputee-skiers.

Amputation, Surgical↗