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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Chromosome aberrations in workers at a storage battery plant in Iraq.

The present study deals with the determination of the incidence of chromosome changes in workers at a factory making storage batteries in Baghdad city. Blood samples were collected from 19 workers and 9 employees of the Scientific Research Council as control individuals, and chromosomes prepared from lymphocyte cultures were analyzed by standardized methods. Statistical analysis of the results gave significantly higher frequencies of chromatid and chromosome aberrations, particularly gaps, among the workers. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of chromosome aberrations in cells of smokers and non-smokers in both lead-exposed workers and controls. Therefore the observed increase in these aberrations was found to be associated mainly with exposure to lead oxides during the manufacture of the lead alloy grids and lead smelting.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1987

Chromosome aberrations in workers at a tannery in Iraq.

Blood samples were collected from 17 healthy chromium-exposed workers at a tanning plant near Baghdad city and 13 controls matched for age, period of service and social background. For each individual more than 100 lymphocyte metaphases were examined. The results showed no significant differences in the per cell frequencies of chromatid and isochromatid gaps, single chromatid breaks, various chromosome-type aberrations and all aberrations combined. However, smoking workers exhibited statistically higher frequency of chromosome-type aberrations than non-smoking workers and smoking controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The pathogenicity of haemonchosis in sheep and goats in Iraq: 1. Clinical, parasitological and haematological findings.

The response of Awassi sheep and the local breed of Iraqi goats to primary infection with a prevalent trichostrongylid nematode, Haemonchus contortus, was compared by examining their worm burden and the pathogenic effects of the parasite on these hosts following experimental infection. The results showed that the goats had lower worm burdens and had suffered less severe clinical and haematological disturbances than the Awassi sheep. The worm counts in sheep were higher than in goats but the count of the mucosal phase of the larvae was higher in goats. These differences are possibly immunologic in origin though a genetic resistance may operate, primarily at the level of worm establishment. The pathophysiological changes are correlated with parasitological and clinical observations in the two host species.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1985

A study on phosphoglucose isomerase enzyme in some elasmobranch fishes collected from Khor Al-Zubair, north west of the Arabian Gulf, Iraq.

Tissue extracts of skeletal muscle, brain, gills, liver, kidney, heart, eye and spleen were electrophoretically examined for phosphoglucose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) activity in five species of elasmobranch fishes. Two phosphoglucose isomerases (PGI) with different specification have been found in all groups of elasmobranch fishes studied. PGI proved to be a good taxonomic criterion to differentiate members of the families Sphyrindae and Dasyatidae from the other remaining elasmobranch families. PGI appears to be controlled by duplicated genes as in other teleostean fishes.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Early definitive abdominal closure using serial closure technique on injured soldiers returning from Afghanistan and Iraq.

BACKGROUND: Twenty-nine of 1,284 battle-injured soldiers arriving at Walter Reed Army Medical Center from Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom have abdominal wounds requiring delayed definitive closure with Gore-Tex (WL Gore & Assoc) mesh. METHODS: Serial abdominal closure (SAC) leading to early definitive abdominal closure (EDAC) was achieved using Gore-Tex mesh. Inpatient records of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom soldiers with open or reopened abdomens were reviewed from March 2003 to August 2005. RESULTS: Twenty-nine soldiers, average age 27 years (range 20 to 42 years) injured by secondary blast effects (n = 19); penetrating (n = 8); motor vehicle crashes (n = 1); and crushing injury (n = 1) were included in the study. Patients arrived at Walter Reed Army Medical Center 8 days (range 3 to 56 days) after injury with Gore-Tex mesh placed 6 days (range 0 to 26 days) from arrival and 14 days (range 4 to 79 days) from injury. SAC was achieved with towel clamp tightening or excision of midline mesh and drawing fascia closer to the midline for an average of 46 days (range 15 to 160 days) before EDAC. One patient is undergoing SAC and another was transferred to another facility. EDAC was achieved in 24 of the remaining of 27 patients (89%). Four patients required early removal of the Gore-Tex mesh, resulting in three patients with planned ventral hernia. One patient underwent EDAC with primary closure and fascial release. EDAC was completed with polypropylene mesh in 17 patients and 6 patients had original Gore-Tex in place. Patients were discharged from the hospital an average of 18 days after closure (range 1 to 89 days) with total hospital days of 62 (range 17 to 197 days). Average followup of patients from placement of Gore-Tex mesh is 264 days (range 31 to 855 days). CONCLUSIONS: SAC with Gore-Tex mesh led to EDAC in 89% of patients and proved to be a safe and effective alternative to planned ventral hernia. SAC allowed protection of abdominal contents, effective fluid management, reclamation of abdominal domain, and early rehabilitation with minimal complications and only one hernia reoccurrence.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2006

Eye injuries on the battlefields of Iraq and Afghanistan: public health implications.

BACKGROUND: The U.S. Army faces major challenges in balancing the need to protect a soldier from harm while not impeding his ability to fight. Unfortunately, the incidence of combat eye injuries has increased over time, despite the development of protective measures. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of soldiers evacuated from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom with eye injuries was performed from March 2003 through December 2004. Data for this study came from the Military Office of the Surgeon General (OTSG) Patient Tracking Database. RESULTS: A total of 368 patients (451 eyes) were evacuated for eye-related problems. From March 2003 through December 2004, 15.8% (258 of 1,635 patients, 309 eyes) of all medical evacuations were a result of battle eye injuries (BI), 17.3% (283 of 1,635 patients, 337 eyes) were a result of eye injuries (BI and nonbattle injuries [NBI] combined), and 22.5% (368 of 1,635 patients, 451 eyes) of all evacuations were because of eye-related complaints alone (BI, NBI, or disease) or in combination with other bodily injuries. CONCLUSION: Developing combat eye protection that meets the unique requirements of the military, issuing eyewear to soldiers, and supporting and enforcing its use, will provide the best eye protection for American soldiers during military training exercises and future conflicts.

Afghanistan↗
PubMed2006

Special lessons learned from Iraq.

Operation Iraqi Freedom is the largest casualty-producing conflict this nation's military has faced since Vietnam. Medical departments from the three services have done an extraordinary job reacting to the ever-changing landscape of modern warfare and the devastating injuries produced. From the revamping of prehospital care to new applications of damage-control surgery, challenges have erupted, lessons have been learned, and lives are being saved.

Blood Transfusion↗