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PubMed1986

[A simple speech intelligibility test in the evaluation of voice rehabilitation of laryngectomized patients].

An easy and rapid test system is reported for the quantitative assessment of speech intelligibility following laryngectomy. 20 changing randomised monosyllables and 5 changing sentences are spoken by the patient into a telephone with the investigator listening in without visual contact with the patient. The number of correctly understood words and sentences is determined. Reliability and validity of the linguistic pool as well as reproducibility of the test system can be demonstrated.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[Controlled study of an abbreviated form of the Hamburg-Wechsler Intelligence Test for Adults (HAWIE, Dahl's WIP) in a heterogenous clinical group].

The "reduzierte Wechsler-Intelligenztest für psychiatrische Kranke (WIP)" by Dahl, a short form of the German version (HAWIE) of the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, comprising the subtests Information, Similarities, Picture Completion and Block Design was applied in a replication study to a heterogeneous group of 420 mental patients. Results show a sufficiently high level of agreement (multiple correlation) between the present test and the HAWIE-IQ. With this result and a sample independence of the correlation, two of the requirements of board clinical application of the WIP are met. On the other hand Dahl's assumption that the WIP represents the optimal (quadruple)combination of subtests of the full scale was not confirmed. Criticisms of the WIP in the literature are discussed. On the basis of previous studies and the present investigations it is held that the WIP is a useful contribution to measurement of general ability in a clinical setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Intelligence test performance as affected by anxiety and test administration procedures.

Compared the scores obtained by high and low anxious Ss, when the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale was administered by a trained examiner, with those obtained when the test was administered mechanically. A sample of 40 Ss were classified into high and low anxious groups in terms of their scores on the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale. Each S was given half the items of the WAIS verbal scale by a trained examiner and half by machine. Analysis of the scores under these two modes of test presentation, using a 2 X 2 X 2 factional analysis of variance, showed no significant differences in performance of high and low anxious Ss under two testing situations. Similarly, there were no differences in the performance of male and female Ss. However, the Ss showed a significant tendency to score higher when the test was given by an examiner than when the test was administered mechanically. Such differences, however, were not observed when the scores on each subtest were compared under two testing conditions except in the case of the Information and Arithmetic subtests.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pediatric speech intelligibility test. II. Effect of receptive language age and chronological age.

Performance for Pediatric Speech Intelligibility (PSI) Format I and Format II sentences was significantly different in children between the ages of 3 and 6 years. Performance differences were related to chronological age (CA) and receptive language (RL) ability. However, performance for Format I sentences in children with relatively low RL age and performance for Format II sentences in children with relatively high RL age were equivalent. This observation yielded an algorithm that determines the sentence format as a function of the child's RL age in order to yield 'language equivalent' norms for speech audiometry. Performance for PSI word materials was not influenced by differences in RL skill. CA developmental trends were noted for all speech materials.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Effect of inbreeding on Wechsler intelligence test scores among North Indian children.

The effects of inbreeding in humans on the intelligence has been investigated in the present study of offspring of second cousin matings (F=0.0156, n=138 male, 132 female), first cousins once removed (F=0.03125, n=148 male, 138 female), first cousins (F=0.0625, n=161 male, 151 female), and unrelated (F=0, n=194 male, 182 female) among North Indian Muslims. The Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R)-74 was given to the children in the both groups. An overall significant (p<0.001) reduction of means has been observed in inbred series. The results of this study confirm the appreciable inbreeding depression especially among the offspring of first cousins.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Event-related potential and intelligence test performance of 50 patients with epilepsy.

The findings of P300 and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale in 50 epileptic patients were assessed and compared with those of 38 healthy adult volunteers. The relationships between the course of epilepsy and the WAIS or peak P300 latencies were analyzed. Results showed that the prolonged latencies of P300 were positively correlated with course of epilepsy but not with full scale IQ. P300 peak latency and Arithmetic, Digit Symbol and Picture Arrangement were closely related.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Developing a speech intelligibility test based on measuring speech reception thresholds in noise for English and Finnish.

A subjective test was developed suitable for evaluating the effect of mobile communications devices on sentence intelligibility in background noise. Originally a total of 25 lists, each list including 16 sentences, were developed in British English and Finnish to serve as the test stimuli representative of adult language today. The sentences, produced by two male and two female speakers, were normalized for naturalness, length, and intelligibility in each language. The sentence sets were balanced with regard to the expected lexical and phonetic distributions in the given language. The sentence lists are intended for adaptive measurement of speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in noise. In the verification of the test stimuli, SRTs were measured for ten subjects in Finnish and nine subjects in English. Mean SRTs were -2.47 dB in Finnish and -1.12 dB in English, with standard deviations of 1.61 and 2.36 dB, respectively. The mean thresholds did not vary significantly between the lists or the talkers after two lists were removed from the Finnish set and one from the English set. Thus the numbers of lists were reduced from 25 to 23 and 24, respectively. The statistical power of the test increased when thresholds were averaged over several sentence lists. With three lists per condition, the test is able to detect a 1.5-dB difference in SRTs with the probability of about 90%.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1988

Ethnic and sex differences on the test of nonverbal intelligence, Quick Test of intelligence, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised.

This study investigated the performance of 89 students on the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, Quick Test, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised IQ scores for ethnic and sex differences. The sample consisted of 61 males, 28 females (37 Black, 52 White). A two-way analysis of variance and the new Duncan's Multiple Range Test were used to identify significant differences between the mean scores. The findings did not indicate any significant differences between the IQ scores with regard to ethnicity or sex. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of assessing minority group members with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale-Revised, Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, and Quick Test.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Emotional intelligence: testing the future nursing].

This study traces the nursing students' profile in order to have a prospective professional vision on the emotional intelligence of these workers. Considering that, nowadays, emotional intelligence is a basic requirement for any kind of profession, this research analysed patterns of cognitive, behavioral and emotional skills among the nursing workers. This is a descriptive exploratory study, accomplished in a public institution in the city of Fortaleza-CE, with 138 students enrolled in the first term of 1999. For this analyses an emotional intelligence questionnaire, available in internet, was applied. The subjects also answered questions related to their behavioral, cognitive and emotional skills. As a result, it was concluded that the majority of the students (78.26%) presented a satisfying level of emotional intelligence and only 16.67% would need improvement. In the classification of the three skills as sufficient, regular and insufficient, the cognitive skill exceeded the other two positively. The research showed that students have the basic characteristics of emotional intelligence. They can be in tune and understanding with patients, and also make themselves understood.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed1992

Testing intelligent wound dressings.

While occlusive wound dressings help provide patients with moist wound healing to reduce pain and increase reepithelialization rate, the moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) of these dressings remains constant even though wound exudate levels may vary with time and from wound to wound. The clinician is therefore faced with exudate buildup in heavily exuding wounds and desiccation in lightly exuding wounds-a situation requiring frequent patient monitoring and dressing changes. Am "intelligent" wound dressing would have the ability to automatically respond to a wound's exudate level by self-adjusting its MVTR to maintain a constant moist wound environment. Such a dressing could help ensure that exudate buildup or wound desiccation is reduced or avoided. Three commercial wound dressings (hydrocolloid, thin film, and membrane laminate) were studied for their ability to alter their MVTR in response to varying moisture level. An efficient test methodology and experimental design was developed, which involved direct and indirect fluid contact with the dressings using two temperatures and two test methods. One dressing, a membrane laminate, was found to exhibit intelligent MVTR behavior. Data is presented which shows this dressing's ability to adjust its MVTR nearly eight-fold as a function of hydration level. Information regarding the mechanism of action of this intelligent dressing is also presented.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1978

The role of affective assessment in intelligence testing.

Based on the tenets of logical learning theory and the research in its support, it was predicted that subjects (87 seventh and eighth graders) would score higher on subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children which they had assessed positively than on those which they had negatively assessed. This superiority on liked over disliked subtests was also predicted to be greater for Black than for White subjects and for lower class, compared with middle class, subjects. Subjects performed significantly better on their liked than on their disliked subtests, p < .01, supporting the telic human image advanced by logical learning theory. No racial or social class differences in this effect were seen.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Blood lead, behaviour and intelligence test performance in preschool children.

A variety of measures of behaviour and cognitive performance were taken on a group of preschool children together with a sample of venous blood. The relationship between blood lead and intelligence was small and statistically non-significant after controlling for other factors influencing cognitive performance.

Behavior↗
PubMed1984

[Problems of the short form of the Hamburg-Wechsler Intelligence Test for Adults].

A comparative study was performed using HAWIE-short form (AW + ZN + GF + MT) and the entire procedure, in which 153 psychiatric in-patients (legal-medical opinion cases), and a control group of 38 other patients were tested. Despite the proven high correlation between both HAWIE forms, it can be seen from the ascertained trend of the regression line, that the tested short form has a higher average mean value. The significant distortions, especially those in the lower I.Q. field, seem to contradict the probability of any imprudent reduction in intelligence scoring.

Forensic Psychiatry↗
PubMed1989

[Results of the revision of the 1983 Hamburg-Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children in students with severe reading disorders].

In connection with the current discussion about the use of the HAWIK-R in differential diagnosis, 20 children with severe reading retardation were tested with both the HAWIK and the HAWIK-R and the results compared, and 48 children with this disorder were tested with the HAWIK-R and divided into three groups by the amount of difference between verbal and performance scores. The results on the subtests of the HAWIK-R were grouped by the categories recommended by Titze and Tewes. In the first part of the study, the 20 reading retarded children scored lower on the HAWIK-R than on the HAWIK on the majority of subtests and also had much lower verbal, performance and full scale IQs. In the second part of the study, we found marked differences between the groups on most of the HAWIK-R subtests, especially between the groups where the verbal IQ was lower than the performance IQ and where the verbal IQ was higher than the performance IQ. With regard to the categories of subtests, the children with a lower verbal than performance IQ showed deficits attributable to poor learning skills, milieu and attention relatively frequently. On the other hand, the children with a higher verbal than performance IQ tended to have deficits in perceptuomotor skills and disorders of integrative brain functions. The problems involved in using the HAWIK-R for differential diagnosis are critically evaluated. If the HAWIK-R data are examined in detail and the child involved is observed carefully this test can provide useful information for setting up remediation programs for poor readers.

Achievement↗