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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Laparoscopic identification of sentinel lymph nodes in early stage cervical cancer: prospective study using a combination of patent blue dye injection and technetium radiocolloid injection.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of intraoperative radioisotopic mapping using an endoscopic gamma probe associated with patent blue dye injection in patients with early stage cervical cancer. METHODS: Between April 2001 and March 2002 a total of 12 patients underwent laparoscopic bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy (squamous carcinoma in 10 cases, all stage FIGO IB1, and adenocarcinoma in 2 cases, stages IA2 and IB1). Lymphoscintigraphies were performed on the day before surgery to visualize sentinel lymph nodes, 31 +/- 22.5 and 174 +/- 34 min after injection of 200 microCi of technetium 99m rhenium sulfur colloid. The marker was injected at the 3, 6, 9, and 12 o'clock positions. The day of surgery 2 ml of patent blue dye plus 2 ml of physiological serum was injected in the cervix, at the same locations as the radioactive isotope injection. RESULTS: A total of 35 sentinel lymph nodes were detected. Eight sentinel lymph nodes were only detected by color, 8 sentinel lymph nodes were only detected by the endoscopic gamma probe, and 19 sentinel lymph nodes were "hot and dyed." We found 3 metastatic lymph nodes. In one case, bilateral positive sentinel nodes were only detected by the endoscopic gamma probe. Permanent section identified one inframillimetric micrometastasis in a lymph node that was neither blue nor hot intraoperatively (sensitivity = 66%, specificity = 100%, positive predictive value = 100%, negative predictive value = 90%). CONCLUSION: The identification of the sentinel lymph node with blue dye and radioisotope using an endoscopic gamma probe is feasible and improves detection rate. False negatives still occur, but the proportion is low even at the beginning of the learning curve. Isotopic imaging identifies nodes in areas outside the pelvis not routinely sampled in early cervical cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a combined diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, inactivated polio (DTPa-HBV-IPV) vaccine, mixed with the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine and administered as a single injection, with the DTPa-IPV/Hib and hepatitis B vaccines administered in two simultaneous injections to infants at 2, 4 and 6 months of age.

An open, randomised, multicentre trial was performed to compare the reactogenicity and safety profile of the administration of a hexavalent diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated polio (DTPa-HBV-IPV) vaccine administered in one injection mixed with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine (Group 1) with that of a pentavalent DTPa-IPV vaccine mixed with a Hib vaccine (DTPa-IPV/Hib), simultaneously administered with HBV (Group 2) in two injections in opposite thighs, as a primary vaccination course, to healthy infants at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. A total of 235 completed the study, 120 from Group 1 and 115 from Group 2. Blood samples (pre-vaccination and 1 month after the third dose) were obtained from a subset of infants (Group 1: 40; Group 2: 31) to assess the immune response to vaccination. Local and general solicited symptoms were recorded by parents on diary cards. Seven hundred and five diary cards (Group 1: 360; Group 2: 345) were collected. The clinically relevant and most commonly reported local reaction was pain (infant cried when the limb was moved) in 2.5% (Group 1) and 1.2% (Group 2) of diary cards. Fever was more frequently reported in Group 1 (21% of diary cards) than in Group 2 (12% of diary cards). However only 3 and 2% of doses in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, were responsible for a rectal temperature between 38.6 and 39.5 degrees C and only one case (Group 2) had > or =39.5 degrees C. Other clinically relevant general symptoms were rarely recorded: irritability (2-2.8%), loss of appetite (0.3-0.6%) and drowsiness (0.3-0.3%). All subjects included in the immunogenicity analysis had seroprotective titres to diphtheria, tetanus, polio virus types 1 and 3, Hib. Almost all subjects were seroprotected for anti-polio type 2 and hepatitis B (with the exception of 1 subject in Group 1 for each antigen). The vaccines response rates to pertussis antigens were over 97 and 90% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. This study shows that, from a clinical perspective, the DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine given in a single injection has a similar reactogenicity and safety profile to that of two licensed vaccines (DTPa-IPV/Hib, HBV) given in two simultaneous injections to infants at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. This is a valuable advantage, since in some countries, such as Spain and the UK, an additional injection (for the administration of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine) has been recently included in the infants' vaccination calendars.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1999

Effects of the alpha antagonists and agonists injected into the lateral hypothalamus on the water and sodium intake induced by angiotensin II injection into the subfornical organ.

The subfornical organ (SFO) and the lateral hypothalamus (LH) have been shown to be important for the central action of angiotensin II (ANG II) on water and salt regulation. Several anatomical findings have demonstrated neural connections between the SFO and the LH. The present experiments were conducted to investigate the role of the alpha-adrenergic antagonists and agonists injected into the LH on the water and salt intake elicited by injections of ANG II into the SFO. Prazosin (an alpha1-adrenergic antagonist) injected into the LH increased the salt ingestion, whereas yohimbine (an alpha2-adrenergic antagonist) and propranolol (a beta-adrenergic antagonist) antagonized the salt ingestion induced by administration of ANG II into the SFO. Previous administration of clonidine (an alpha2-adrenergic agonist) or noradrenaline into the LH increased, whereas pretreatment with phenylephrine decreased the sodium intake induced by injection of ANG II into the SFO. Previous treatment with prazosin and propranolol reduced the water intake induced by ANG II. Phenylephrine increased the dipsogenic responses produced by ANG II, whereas previous treatment with clonidine injected into the LH reduced the water intake induced by ANG II administration into the SFO. The LH involvement with SFO on the excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms related to water and sodium intake is suggested.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1992

Reduced incidence of insulitis in NOD mice following anti-CD3 injection: requirement for neonatal injection.

The incidence of diabetes in NOD mice is reduced following a single neonatal injection of the anti-CD3 antibody, 145.2C11. We now show that the reduction in incidence is greater when the antibody is given in the first than in the third week of life. Anti-CD3 antibody injected in macro-aggregated form did not protect the recipients from insulitis and protection was diminished when elimination of the antibody was accelerated by injecting anti-hamster IgG. Protection was not reversed when anti-CD3 injection was followed by anti-CD4 and anti-CD8. Animals neonatally injected with anti-CD3 were not protected from the induction of diabetes following transfer of spleen cells from diabetic donors. These results contrast with the view that anti-CD3-mediated protection from diabetes depends on a long-lived change in recipient T cells. The findings are consistent with immunosuppression alone being an adequate explanation for the effect of anti-CD3 antibody on susceptibility to diabetes in NOD mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Accidental subdural injection of local anaesthetic: diagnosis by pressure measurement and response to aspiration of injectate.

A healthy 22-year-old man received an initial injection of 12 mL of lignocaine/bupivacaine solutions (2 mL test, then 10 mL) into an epidural catheter. This produced a satisfactory regional blockade that seemed to be epidural but, when a supplementary 6 mL injection was given 1 h later, the patient developed impaired motor function as far as the upper cranial nerves, with loss of pinprick sensation to the shoulder. The emergence of fluid dribbling freely from the catheter prompted measurement of the pressure, which was 36 mmHg. The fluid was proved not to be cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by the absence of glucose (on dextrostix), by the appearance of turbidity with added thiopentone, and later by microscopy. Slow aspiration of 7 mL of the presumed injectate reduced the pressure in the catheter to 8 mmHg, which promptly reversed the additional excessive blockade, allowing surgery to proceed uneventfully. The retrieval of injectate argues strongly that the catheter tip had found its way subdurally, and the promptness of the reversal with aspiration argues for a mechanical rather than a pharmacological cause for the extensive neurological dysfunction after the second injection. Pressure measurement and aspiration may be helpful in other similar cases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Innovations in high-pressure liquid injection technique for gas chromatography: pressurized liquid injection system.

In gas chromatography (GC), highly volatile liquefied hydrocarbons are commonly injected using devices such as high-pressure syringes, piston valves, liquid rotary sampling valves, or vaporizing regulators. Although these techniques are adequate in some cases, there are known deficiencies. A new generation of sampling valve has been recently innovated and commercialized. Some of the highlights of the pressurized liquid injection system (PLIS) include compact size, the capability to directly couple to an injection port without the need for preinjection vaporization and transfer lines, and sample sizes ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 micro L. Although the valve has a specification of helium leak-free rating of 82.7 bar (1200 psig), the valve passes a hydrostatic pressure test of up to 414 bar (6000 psig). In the unheated version of PLIS, vaporization of solutes occur mainly because of the sheering effect of carrier gas in combination with thermal energy drawn from an injection port or a heated adaptor. This was found to be adequate for solutes with high to medium volatility of up to nC14 hydrocarbon. A higher molecular weight range of up to nC44 hydrocarbon can be achieved with the implementation of a heated version of PLIS, in which the channel of the shaft can be resistively heated at a rate of up to 400 degrees C/s. With its first introduction in May 2002, PLIS has gained acceptance amongst practitioners in GC because it addresses a key unarticulated need in sample introduction/enrichment and by specifically targeting many deficiencies encountered in contemporary high-pressure injection devices. In this paper, the design and performance of the various valve systems of PLIS, as well as industrial chromatographic applications, is presented.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: laboratory set-up and injection procedure.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as treatment for male-factor infertility has been introduced worldwide in the past few years in many laboratories using assisted reproduction techniques. Some changes in the existing set-up are necessary before implementing this procedure. The equipment can be divided into two groups: that required for preparation of the microtools and that required for the microinjection procedure itself. A pipette puller, grinder and microforge are necessary for preparation of the microtools. The correct settings and use of these instruments are of crucial importance in preparing a good needle, which in turn is crucial to the injection procedure itself. The microscope has to be equipped with a heated stage, correct optics and manipulators and injectors. The correct settings and use of this equipment also influence the injection procedure and may influence the success rate. Retrospective analysis of the evolution of ICSI in our centre clearly shows a marked improvement following the introduction of some modifications into the procedure. These modifications were (i) reducing the concentration of hyaluronidase used for cumulus and corona radiata removal, (ii) selecting a motile spermatozoon that was immobilized prior to the injection and (iii) aspiration of cytoplasm to ensure rupture of the oocyte membrane. The injection procedure itself can also be influenced by oocyte characteristics. It has been reported that the reaction of the oocyte to the penetration by the pipette has an influence on the success rate. The ICSI procedure has about the same success rate as IVF in cases of non-male infertility. However, work can still be done to improve the success rate of this procedure.

Fertilization in Vitro↗
PubMed1998

Use of an illegal syringe exchange and injection-related risk behaviors among street-recruited injection drug users in Oakland, California, 1992 to 1995.

OBJECTIVE: To determine factors associated with syringe and injection supply sharing among injection drug users (IDUs) in a community with an illegal underground syringe exchange program (SEP). METHODS: From 1992 to 1995, semiannual cross-sectional samples of IDUs were recruited in Oakland, California. To account for multiple observations from the same individual, we used general estimating equations with logit transformations to determine factors associated with sharing syringes and other injection supplies. RESULTS: 1304 IDUs were interviewed; 684 (53%) returned for more than one interview. 2830 interviews were available for analysis. SEP use increased and syringe and supply sharing declined from 1992 to 1995 among study participants. In multivariate analysis, SEP users were less likely to share syringes than non-SEP users (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46-0.72). SEP use was not significantly associated with the sharing of injection supplies (AOR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.68-1.07). Syringe sharing and injection supply sharing were significantly less likely to occur among African American and HIV-positive IDUs. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that illegal SEPs can be effective HIV prevention programs. Lower rates of syringe-based risk behaviors among African American and HIV-positive IDUs are encouraging.

California↗
PubMed2006

A bridge over troubled waters: factors associated with non-injection drug users having injection drug-using sex partners.

OBJECTIVES: To examine factors associated with noninjectors having 1 or more injection drug users as sex partners. METHODS: We collected data as a part of the Self-Help in Eliminating Life Threatening Diseases study, a network-oriented experimental HIV prevention intervention. All eligible participants were administered a detailed face-to-face interview on their sociodemographic background, patterns of drug use, HIV prevention and risk behaviors, and social networks. The sample for these analyses consisted of 863 noninjectors, 97 of whom had 1 or more injection drug-using sex partners. RESULTS: Among the factors associated with an increased odds of having 1 or more injecting sex partners were long-term unemployment, increasing proportion of women in network (among male noninjectors), increasing number of recent sex partners (among former injectors), increasing number of injecting non-sex partners in the network, and increasing network size above 15. CONCLUSIONS: There are specific network characteristics associated with noninjectors having injecting sex partners.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

15O Radioactivity clearance is faster after intracarotid bolus injection of 15O-labeled oxyhemoglobin than after 15O-water injection.

The authors tested the hypothesis that the oxygen content of brain tissue is negligible by injecting an intracarotid bolus of 15O-labeled tracer into rats. Under the hypothesis, the clearance rates of 15O radioactivity from the brain after injections of both 15O-labeled water (H(2)15O) and 15O-labeled oxyhemoglobin (HbO15O) should be identical. However, the logarithmic slope of the 15O radioactivity curve after HbO15O injection (0.494 +/- 0.071 min-1) was steeper than that after H(2)15O injection (0.406 +/- 0.038 min-1) (P<0.001, n = 13), where the time range used in the comparison was between 60 and 120 seconds after the injection. A possible interpretation of this result is that nonmetabolized O15O may dwell in the brain tissue for a finite period of time before it is eventually metabolized or returned to the blood stream unaltered. These findings contradict assumptions made by models currently used to measure cerebral oxygen metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of melatonin and control injections on pineal serotonin and norepinephrine: afternoon injections lower serotonin levels thirty-six percent at light-dark transition.

Pineal weight and serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) contents were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats that were maintained under controlled light:dark conditions (LD 14:10; lights on 0700-2100) and that received daily subcutaneous injections of either melatonin (20 micrograms in 0.1 ml per animal) or the same volume (0.1 ml) of vehicle alone, at one of two times (0800-0900 or 1800-1900). Animals were sacrificied at four times (1000, 1400, 2000, or 2300) on the day after the last of the 7 consecutive d of injection. Pineal glands were quickly weighed and then frozen for 5-HT and NE assay by the Maickel and Miller extraction and fluorescence methods. Pineal NE content showed differences related to time of day, in confirmation of early work. But no effects attributable specifically to melatonin were found. Melatonin also failed to affect pineal 5-HT content significantly. But injection of either melatonin or vehicle at 1800-1900 led to a reduction in 5-HT content averaging 36% when sampled at either 2000 or 2300, and in comparison with animals injected at 0800-0900. It is suggested that a stresslike or zeitgeberlike effect of injections within a critical period at the end of the daily light phase can cause an earlier-than-normal daily fall in pineal 5-HT content.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Social support and HIV-related injection risk among Puerto Rican migrant and nonmigrant injection drug users recruited in New York City.

This study compared the associations between social support and HIV injection risk among Puerto Rican migrant (n = 221) and nonmigrant (n = 340) injection drug users in New York City. Practical and emotional support scales were developed from 8 items and examined by migrant status as predictors of risk. Bivariate and regression analysis were conducted with drug shooting gallery use, sharing needles, paraphernalia, and number of monthly injections as dependent variables. Migrants had lower emotional (2.82 vs. 3.19, p = .002) and practical (1.87 vs. 2.05; p = .051) support than nonmigrants. Controlling for age, sex and homelessness, emotional support was negatively associated to injection frequency and (standardized coefficient = -.168, p = .020) gallery use (adjusted odds ration [AOR] = .76, confidence interval [CI] = .62-.94, p = .011) among migrants and to an almost two fold increase in sharing syringes (AOR= 1.87, CI = 1.02-3.43; p = .041) among nonmigrants. The findings suggest that though migrants have less support than nonmigrants do, their support reduces risk and thus their likelihood of injection-related HIV infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Production of horse foals via direct injection of roscovitine-treated donor cells and activation by injection of sperm extract.

We evaluated the effects of different donor cell treatments and activation methods on production of blastocysts after equine nuclear transfer. Nuclear transfer was performed by direct injection of donor cells, using a piezo drill, and standard activation was by injection of sperm factor followed by culture with 6-dimethylaminopurine. There was no difference in blastocyst development between embryos produced with roscovitine-treated or confluent donor cells (3.6% for either treatment). Addition of injection of roscovitine or culture with cycloheximide at the time of activation did not affect blastocyst development. Overall, transfer of eight blastocysts produced using roscovitine-treated donor cells and our standard activation protocol yielded three pregnancies, of which two (25% of transferred embryos) resulted in delivery of viable foals. Flow cytometric evaluation showed that roscovitine treatment significantly increased the proportion of cells classified as small, in comparison to growth to confluence or serum deprivation, but did not significantly affect the proportion of cells in G0/G1 (2N DNA content). Transfer of one blastocyst produced using roscovitine-treated donor cells, with addition of roscovitine injection at activation, yielded one pregnancy which was lost before 114 days' gestation. Transfer to recipients of two blastocysts produced using confluent donor cells with addition of cycloheximide at activation gave no resulting pregnancies. We conclude that roscovitine treatment of donor cells yields equivalent blastocyst production after nuclear transfer to that for confluent donor cells, and that direct injection of roscovitine-treated donor cells, followed by activation using sperm extract, is compatible with efficient production of viable cloned foals.

Adenine↗
PubMed2006

[New tools for preventing and evaluating risk practices for hepatitis C transmission among injection drug users: some reflections on injection rooms and the measurement of risk-taking behaviors].

Injection rooms should be able to contribute to the prevention of the risks of transmission of hepatitis C (HCV) among intravenous drug users (IDUs). However, these services have yet to be set up and tested in France. This article presents a literature review of injection rooms and explores possible ways of evaluating the effects of this type of service on risks for HCV. Given the difficulties of estimating the service's impact on the incidence of HCV, evaluations could target injection-related risk taking behaviors. The second part of the article addresses the issue of risk taking practices and presents a new research tool able to explore out-of-the-ordinary situations involving risk-taking. Tested on a population of IDUs in Marseille, this tool detects forms of risk-taking and contexts in which injection is performed, which are always missed by the usual measures of risk practices. It could therefore be added to these measures and be useful for evaluating injection rooms.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Prospective randomized study on the effect of ranitidine against injection ulcer after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices.

Thirty-five consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices were randomly allocated to either ranitidine-administered group (18 patients) or ranitidine-nonadministered group (17 patients), in an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of ranitidine for prevention and healing of postinjection ulcer with a prospective randomized trial. Two of seventeen patients in the nonadministered group dropped out of this trial because of development of gastric ulcer, so 18 patients in the first group were evaluated and compared with the 15 remaining patients in the second group. Sclerotherapy was performed with 5% ethanolamine oleate and 0.6% polydocanol; the mean number of injection courses and the mean amount of sclerosant were the same in both groups. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the two groups in either the occurrence rate or the size of injection ulcer 1 wk after the last session. However, the persistence rate of ulcer 1 month after last injection in the ranitidine-administered group was significantly lower than that in the ranitidine-nonadministered group (6.3% vs. 38.5%, p less than 0.05). Our study demonstrated that ranitidine administration will help to hasten healing of postinjection ulcer, although it was not effective for prevention of injection ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Comparison of the efficacy of a single daily injection versus fractionated injections of ceftriaxone in the treatment of acute experimental pyelonephritis].

Unilateral acute pyelonephritis were produced in rabbits by injecting E. coli, using the retrograde route and after a temporary ureteral obstruction. Animals were treated with ceftriaxone IM at a dose of 50 mg/kg/d and 100 mg/kg/d (corresponding to 1 g/d and 2 g/d in humans) either by a single daily injection or by two daily injections at 12th intervals. Sacrifices were performed at day 5 and 7 of therapy. Analysis of bacteriological, morphological and histological data obtained in infected kidneys demonstrates that the single daily injection of ceftriaxone is more effective than the same dose divided in two injections at 12 h intervals. These results are observed as well with low and high doses of ceftriaxone.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of 0.9% sodium chloride injection with and without heparin for maintaining indwelling intermittent injection sites.

The efficacy of 0.9% sodium chloride injection with and without heparin in maintaining indwelling intermittent ("heparin lock") injection sites was studied. All patients in whom heparin locks were placed after admission to the medical and surgical units of a 128-bed acute-care hospital during a six-month period were included in the study. Three different solutions were used to flush heparin locks: 0.9% sodium chloride injection alone, heparin 10 units/ml in 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and heparin 100 units/ml in 0.9% sodium chloride injection. Solutions were randomly assigned to all patients on a given nursing unit for a two-month period; flush solutions were switched every two months until each of the three solutions had been used on both the medical and surgical units. Heparin locks were flushed after each medication administration and every eight hours when medications were not being given. Using a standardized evaluation form, one of five i.v. therapists evaluated each site daily for the presence of phlebitis and loss of patency. Length of catheter placement and the percentage of patient days during which patients received cephalosporin and penicillin antibiotics were examined for each group. Rates of site loss caused by phlebitis or loss of patency were compared in each group. A total of 412 patients representing 1448 patient days of heparin-lock therapy was evaluated. No significant differences were found among the three groups in the mean duration of heparin-lock placement, the percentage of patient days during which antibiotics were prescribed, or the rate of site loss caused by phlebitis or loss of patency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1978

[Comparative stereometric study of the intramural arterial bed of the human myocardium using injection and non-injection methods].

Comparative sterometric study of intramural arterial bed of the left ventricle wall of 20 injected and 30 non-injected hearts of practically health adults aged from 24 to 27 years (after violent death) was conducted. The volumetric density index of intramural arterial bed(Vv) of the myocardium of the left ventricle wall was on the average 9 times less in case of non-injected hearts than in the injected ones. The Vv was the greastest in the middle type of the coronary circulation of the heart. The non-linear dependence between the Vv and the age was revealed. The Vv decreased with the increase of the heart weight. With the equal indices of the heart weight the Vv was significantly higher in females than in males. The non-injection sterometric method used for the study of the inorganic arterial bed simplifies and objectifies the estimation of the state of myocardial blood supply and can be used in anatomopathological practice.

Adult↗