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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The toxicity of non-ionic water-soluble monomeric and dimeric contrast media in selective vertebral angiography. An experimental study in rabbits.

Selective vertebral angiography was performed in 29 rabbits in order to compare the adverse effects of three monomeric (iopamidol, iopromide, metrizamide) and one dimeric (iodecol) non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium. The dose was 10 ml and the iodine concentration 350 mg/ml. Marked, but transitory changes were seen in the electrocardiographic and blood pressure recordings with all the contrast media. The monomers seemed to have a higher tendency than the dimer to cause spasm in the intracranial arteries, while the changes in the cardiovascular recordings were more marked with the dimer. One animal died and one animal developed a permanent neurological deficit following the injection of the dimer. All the other animals recovered completely and seemed quite unaffected within half an hour after completion of the experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Is the relative 99mTc-DMSA clearance a useful marker of proximal tubular dysfunction?

The clearance of 125I-sodium iothalamate, 131I-sodium hippurate, 99mTc-DMSA, and beta 2-microglobulin were determined in 20 patients with proven or suspected proximal tubular dysfunction and in 18 control patients with various renal diseases. A clear distinction in the relative 99mTc-DMSA clearance was observed between patients with proximal tubulopathy (14%-35%) and control patients (less than 14%). A similar difference between the two groups was found in the relative beta 2-microglobulin clearance. Nine patients with proximal tubulopathy showed an elevated filtration fraction versus only two control patients. The renal handling of 99mTc-DMSA seems to be an indicator of proximal tubular function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Pharmacokinetics of sisomicin in patients with normal and impaired renal function; its efficacy in urinary tract infection.

Serum concentration, biological half-life, distribution space and serum clearance of sisomicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, have been studied in twenty-three patients in comparison with the pharmacokinetics of 125I-labelled iothalamate, a compound only filtered by the kidney. 10 patients had normal or borderline abnormal serum creatinine (less than 1,5 mg/100 ml), 8 had various degrees of renal insufficiency (serum creatinine 1.7-9.6 mg/100 ml) and 6 were being treated by intermittent haemodialysis. After intravenous injection of sisomicin 1 mg/kg body weight in patients with normal or borderline renal function its half-life was 3.5 h, very similar to that of iothalamate, 3.2 h. The mean distribution space was 20.1% per cent of body weight; iothalamate, 23.7%. In patients with renal insufficiency there was a positive correlation between serum creatinine level and the half-life of sisomicin, and an even stronger correlation between the clearances of iothalamate and sisomicin. In patients dependent on haemodialysis, the mean serum half-life between dialysis was 40 h, compared to approximately 100 hours for iothalamate, which implies additional extrarenal clearance or tubular secretion of sisomicin. The results of pharmacokinetic studies indicated that a regime of sisomicin 1 mg/kg every 8 to 12 hours in patients with normal renal function would result in serum and urine levels sufficiently high to treat most urinary tract infections. In patients with impaired renal function the dosage interval should be increased according to the serum creatinine level, and in patients dependent on haemodialysis one standard dose at the end of each dialysis period should suffice. 9 patients with a chronic urinary tract infection severely complicated by an underlying disease were treated according to this dosage regimen with a satisfactory bacteriological and clinical result. No adverse reactions or signs of accumulation were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Renal handling of iodamide and diatrizoate. Evidence of active tubular secretion of iodamide.

Active tubular secretion of iodamide, a water-soluble contrast medium, was demonstrated by comparing the clearances of iodamide, iothalamate and inulin. Passive tubular back diffusion was not found. The fraction excreted by tubular secretion was significantly reduced at "clinical" plasma concentrations. The glomerular filtration rate was slightly depressed at these concentrations of iodamide and diatrizoate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The prophylactic use of phenytoin during iopamidol contrast studies of the subarachnoid space.

Contrast examinations of the subarachnoid space are associated with side effects including convulsions. Attention has been given to the prophylactic use of anticonvulsants. We describe a simple oral regimen using the established anticonvulsant phenytoin that can be administered to short-stay patients and that achieves effective serum and CSF concentrations. A preliminary account of this work was presented to the British Pharmacological Society in January 1984 in London.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1977

Microscopic effects of meglumine iothalamate. Ventriculography in canines.

Meglumine iothalamate, an iodinated contrast agent, is commonly used in humans for roentgenographic outlining of cerebral ventricles. Although clinical studies have shown meglumine iothalamate to be less toxic than other radiopaque materials, its microscopic effects on brain tissue have never been studied in a controlled manner. For this study canine cerebral tissue was exposed to intraventricular saline or saline plus meglumine iothalamate and the results were compared by light microscopy. Reactive changes were found in both groups. They occurred with greater frequency and degree in the group exposed to meglumine iothalamate, but permanent damage to brain tissue, did not occur.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Experiences in the radiographic contrast medium dimer-X in orbital diagnosis (author's transl)].

Experiments in animals and the employment of the contrast medium in a number of patients showed, that Dimer-X is well tolerated. No negative side effects were observed during the study. Employing only a little quantity of the medium, diluted with distilled water in the ratio of 1:3 or 1:4, good contrast representations are obtainable in the tissue of the orbits. It is completely absorbed within a relatively short period.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effect of cyclosporine A on long-term allograft function in pediatric renal transplant recipients.

There have been concerns regarding long-term adverse effects of cyclosporine A (CSA) on renal allograft function. In a retrospective study, we compared long-term allograft function up to 70 months after renal transplantation in pediatric recipients treated with and without CSA, using iothalamate clearance to assess glomerular filtration rate. Patients received CSA, prednisone, and azathioprine (CSA group, n = 16) or prednisone and azathioprine alone (Pred/AZA, n = 11). At 48 months post transplant, the iothalamate clearances (mean +/- SD) were 57.9 +/- 26.8 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in the CSA group and 68.5 +/- 20.2 in the Pred/AZA group (P > 0.05). The mean of the slopes of individual iothalamate clearances versus time during the first 70 months following transplantation were -0.156 in the CSA group and 0.095 in the Pred/AZA group. Neither slope was statistically different from zero. These data suggest that allograft function is not significantly depressed by CSA at 48 months post transplantation and that there is no greater rate of decline in allograft function up to 70 months post transplantation in patients receiving CSA when compared with the AZA/Pred group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

125Iodine-iothalamate clearance in children. A simple method to measure glomerular filtration.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the most widely used test to evaluate renal function. Several clearance markers have been used to measure GFR in adults. In children, however, a simple and reliable method to measure GFR is not available. Renal 125iodine (I)-iothalamate clearance, after a single subcutaneous injection, is a simple and accurate test to measure GFR in adults. The validity of unlabelled iothalamate, as a marker for measurement of GFR in children, was reported recently. Unfortunately, the unlabelled iothalamate assay is arduous. We report our experience with a single subcutaneous injection of 125I-iothalamate to measure GFR in normal children and those with renal disease. A weight-adjusted dosing regimen was adopted. This regimen resulted in sufficient above-background radioactivity in both blood and urine for reproducible measurement of GFR. Intra-test variability for GFR was not affected by the degree of renal insufficiency. The test was well tolerated with only 2 patients developing mild headache during the procedure. Our study showed that renal clearance of 125I-iothalamate is reproducible, simple, and practical in healthy children and those with mild and advanced renal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT of the duodenojejunal junction.

To determine the location of the duodenojejunal junction (DJJ) at computed tomography (CT), we retrospectively reviewed 309 consecutive CT examinations. These included 162 men and 127 women (mean age = 57 years old, range = 11-85 years old). Some people received more than one examination. The clinical indications included various kinds of neoplasms, inflammations, congenital lesions, trauma, and other conditions. The DJJ was defined as the first sectioned ascending duodenum whose major part lies to the right side of the crossing part of the inferior mesenteric vein over the immediate beginning of the jejunum. Forty-nine examinations were excluded due to distortion of the DJJ by contiguous pathologic processes or nonadministration of intravenous contrast medium. In 36 examinations, the junctions were not identified. In the successfully identified 224 examinations, the DJJ was located to the left in 75 (33.5%), in the left half in 87 (38.8%), and in the right half or to the right of the vertebral body in 4 (1.8%) examinations. The midline of the DJJ was along the left margin and in the midline of the vertebral body in 53 (23.7%) and 5 (2.2%) examinations. In the anteroposterior direction, it was totally in front of the aorta in 189 (84.4%) and within the projected contour of the aorta in 11 (4.9%) examinations. The midline of the DJJ was along the anterior margin of the aorta in 24 (10.7%) examinations. Its cephalocaudal position was at the upper L1 in 36 (16.1%), lower L1 in 70 (31.3%), upper L2 in 75 (33.5%), and lower L2 in 21 (9.4%) examinations even though it ranged from upper T12 to upper L3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1975

Use of iodinated organic compounds for the density gradient centrifugation of viruses.

Use of Urografin and Conray for the equilibrium centrifugation of viruses is described. These pharmaceuticals, which consist of iodinated arylic compounds, reach densities of 1.6 g/cm3 and have low intrinsic viscosities. Poliovirus, Newcastle disease virus, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus were centrifuged to equilibrium in gradients made of these substances. Viral infectivities were not measurably affected, which is especially noteworthy in the case of the very labile lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Buoyant densities were found to be significantly lower than densities obtained with gradients made of CsCl and sucrose.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗
PubMed1984

Radiculography with reduced amounts of contrast medium.

Because of the frequency and seriousness of side effects observed after radiculography, due to, among the other things, the amount of contrast medium, the authors describe a method that gives diagnostically satisfactory results using a low dose of contrast and a tangent-beam technique. Among 106 patients undergoing radiculography with a tangent-beam technique and Iopamidol, only 4 developed mild side effects, namely headache in three cases and headache with nausea in one.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1976

Intracranial pressure during ventriculography using meglumine iothalamate.

A small increase in ventricular fluid pressure (1.3 +/- 0.3 mm Hg) occurs on isovolumetic addition of meglumine iothalamate to the lateral ventricle. A marked increase (46.3 +/- 3.2 mm Hg: P less than 0.001) in pressure occurs on passage of the contrast medium into the posterior part of the third ventricle; the aqueduct and the fourth ventricle. Theoretical mechanisms are discussed.

Aged↗