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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Structural changes in the auditory field in relation to age].

Using a category scale we measured the loudness of narrow band noises experienced in 3 age groups (15-23, 33-45, and 60-75 years old). The narrow band noises had center frequencies between .125 and 8 kHz with sound pressure levels of 60, 75, and 90 dB each. We found the well-known high-frequency loss. However, we also found a hypersensitivity at middle frequencies correlated with high-frequency loss. The presumable causes of this hypersensitivity and its consequences for hearing aid fitting will be discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Recruitment and diplacusis. Current physiopathological concept].

The actual conception of cochlear physiology can explain the semiology of endocochlear hearing losses: mainly recruitment and diplacousis. Recruitment and diplacousis reflect lesions of outer hair cells in the cochlea. Actually, an early detection of these outer hair cells lesions may be a diagnostic priority: this seems possible with recordings of oto-acoustic emissions.

Cochlea↗
PubMed1986

[Dynamics of the recruitment phenomenon in chemical industry workers].

The state of auditory function, the changes in the over-threshold tests for recruitment phenomenon respectively, characteristic for the affection of the sound-receiving links of the auditory analyzer, have dynamically been observed (at interval of 3 to 6 months) among 100 workers from chemical industry. In addition of the otorhinolaryngological examination and acoumetric study of hearing acuity, some tonal threshold and over-threshold audiometric examinations have been performed. A definite correlation has been established between the changes in the hearing function and the length of service of the workers. The data about the over-threshold studies reveal that the tests for recruitment phenomenon become more often positive in the workers, being organic solvents, paints and varnishes. The auditory disorders were observed in the region of high frequencies, being with sound-receiving character. The test of Carhardt became positive rather early, interpreted as early disorder of the processes of adaptation. The approaches of the early diagnostics of hearing disorders are presented as a result from the study.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The physiology of the normal and pathological cochlear neurones--some recent advances.

This is the first of two auditory science tutorials designed for otolaryngologists, audiologists, and others dealing with deafness and its consequences. This tutorial is intended as an update on recent advances in the understanding of cochlear function both in the normal person and in patients with hearing loss of cochlear origin. It draws largely on studies involving electrophysiological recordings from cochlear nerve fibres in "animal models" of cochlear hearing loss. These data allow considerable insight into the underlying causes, for example, loudness recruitment, tinnitus, and poor speech intelligibility. Areas of scientific ignorance are also mentioned. This is not an exhaustive review of the literature but rather a general overview. The style of the tutorial is not starchily scientific, contains minimum jargon, and is intended to make easy reading.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of high pass filtering on the intelligibility of amplitude-compressed speech.

Monosyllabic triplet word intelligibility scores were obtained from normal-hearing and hearing-impaired, loudness-recruiting subjects under two experimental conditions: (1) high-pass (1200 Hz)-filtered, linear amplification, and (2) high-pass (1200 Hz)-filtered, compression amplification using input-to-output ratios of 5:1 and 20:1. Test materials were administered at increased sensation levels of 0, 10, 20, and 30 dB. In general, speech intelligibility was slightly enhanced for normal and hearing-impaired listeners, but only at lower sensation levels. Moreover, the improvement was observed only under the filtered, compression amplification condition for both groups. No important differences were observed between the two compression ratios used. This compression advantage may or may not be observed in clinical hearing aid evaluations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Reflex modulation and loudness recruitment.

Eyeblink reflexes to airpuffs to the orbit are inhibited by preliminary tones even of low intensity, and the amount of inhibition or "reflex modulation" (RM) is correlated with tone loudness. Brief pure tones were presented 100 msec prior to an airpuff to the eye and eyeblink amplitude was recorded in 7 normal-hearing adults. Tones of several levels were either in quiet or in a white noise of 73.5 dbC. As tones increased in intensity, RM increased faster to stimulation in the masked than in the unmasked ear, simulating the classical "pseudo-recruitment" in the noise-masked ear. In addition, very rapid growth of RM was found at 4 kc/s in a patient with sensorineural impairment of 70 db at that frequency as compared with the RM from a frequency with normal HTL. These data confirm the potential of RM in the objective quantification of loudness recruitment.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1977

Stapedial reflexes in normal versus recruiting ears.

The latency and magnitude of the stapedial reflex was examined in a group of normal-hearing Ss (N: 15) and in 15 Ss with unilateral sensorineural impairment exhibiting abnormal loudness growth in the impaired ear. Reflexes were determined at successive 2-db steps from threshold to 16 db above using a 2-kc/s stimulus tone. Latency and magnitude measurements were not statistically different between groups nor between ears within the pathological group. These results substantiate dependence of the stapedial reflex on loudness. Furthermore, there appears to be a dependence of the reflex magnitude on age, in that the magnitude tends to be less in older Ss.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Development of audiologic symptoms in Ménière disease].

A flat or low-frequency hearing loss is generally accepted as being characteristic of Menière's disease. However, the transition between different types of pure tone audiograms during the course of the disease, and their relation to vestibular damage, have so far been investigated only rarely. We investigated the correlation between the vestibular deficiency and changes in the pure tone threshold on 50 patients with confirmed Menière's disease. We also analyzed the correlation between duration of the disease and vestibulo-cochlear impairment. The 0.25-kHz-tone and the frequency range of 2 kHz showed a highly significant correlation to vestibular impairment, but the higher frequencies of 4 and 6 kHz correlated poorly with vestibulo-cochlear deficiency. Thus conclusions may be drawn about the extent of the permanent vestibular damage and the stage of the disease from the pure tone audiogram.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗