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Results for “Histocompatibility Testing”

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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Ankylosing spondylitis in women.

Although ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has been considered rare in women, we believe that its incidence is underestimated. In our case studies of 12 women with AS the characteristic clinical features of the disease included onset before the age of 30 (12 patients); night pain and morning stiffness (12 patients); intermittent, migratory joint pain (9 patients); and history of uveitis (2 patients). Spine mobility was decreased in all patients. Sacroiliac (SI) (8 patients) and circumthoracic (5 patients) tenderness were common findings. If these pertinent clues are present, further diagnostic studies are indicated. Histocompatibility testing for the HLA-B27 antigen, which is reported to be present in over 90% of patients with AS, is useful in detecting early and mild forms of the disease. We found the antigen in 10 of 11 patients tested. Radioisotope (RI) scanning can show early inflammation of the SI joints long before changes are evident on standard roentgenograms: In 3 cases, SI films were reported as normal but RI scans revealed abnormal uptake and ratios. Early detection of AS prevents inappropriate treatment of patients and mislabeling them as functional complainers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Monoclonal antibodies: methods and clinical laboratory applications.

Kohler and Milstein have shown that individual clones of normal antibody-secreting lymphocytes could be immortalized by fusion with myeloma cells. These investigators initiated a new era of technology with the successful in vitro production of monoclonal antibodies via somatic cell hybridization. With the use of monoclonal antibodies, many major problems arising from the limited specificity and reproducibility of conventional antisera can be solved. Some of the commonly employed methods for the production of monoclonal antibody are: (1) fusion of sensitized lymphocytes and myelomas from different sources to produce continuous antibody-producing cell lines; (2) in vitro viral transformation of sensitized lymphocytes to form continuous antibody-producing cells; (3) hybrid fusion of sensitized lymphocytes and continuous B lymphocyte cell lines. During the past few years, monoclonal antibody methodology has been used in almost every area of biological research. Monoclonal antibodies have been used as structural probes for proteins and hormones, and as highly specific agents for histocompatibility testing, tumor localization, immunotherapy, purification of molecules, identification of new surface antigens on lymphocytes and tumor cells, and detection of drug levels and microbial and parasitic diseases. In addition, several investigators have developed alternative methods for the production of human as well as mouse and rat monoclonal antibodies. The new technology of in vitro production of animal and human monoclonal antibodies will have many future applications in diagnosis and therapy in laboratory and clinical medicine.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Adrenomyeloneuropathy. 4 cases developing with the features of familial spasmodic paraplegia].

Four cases of adrenomyelopathy, the adult form of adrenoleukodystrophy, three of which were familial, were reported. The neurological disease consisted of progressive spasmodic paraplegia, sphincter disorders, peripheral neuropathy, occasional deep sensibility impairment and psychiatric disturbances in one case. Adrenal insufficiency was confirmed after the appearance of the neurological signs in two cases; in another case it had been diagnosed in childhood. Gonadal insufficiency was present in all cases and clinically apparent in two patients. Detailed genetic studies were carried out in two patients of the same family. Histocompatibility tests showed A2 and B15 antigens in three out of four cases. The diagnosis was confirmed in three cases by measurement of serum long chain fatty acid with increased C26 levels and C26/C22 ratios. Peripheral nerve biopsy in 1 patient showed characteristic inclusion bodies in the Schwann cells. The authors discuss the relationship between ALD and familial spasmodic paraplegia, the mode of genetic transmission of the disease and the diagnostic value of neuromuscular biopsy and measurement of serum long chain fatty acid levels.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adrenomyeloneuropathy: clinical, genetic and morphologic features. Apropos of 5 cases].

The authors describe five cases of adrenomyeloneuropathy, an adult form of adrenoleukodystrophy. Three of the cases were related. The clinical picture comprises progressive spasmodic paraplegia, sphincter disorders, peripheral neuropathy, sometimes hollow foot and posterior columns disorders. In one case psychic disorders were observed. Biochemical analyses confirmed or revealed adrenal insufficiency in four cases and gonadal insufficiency in three cases. A detailed genealogical study was made in two patients belonging to the same family. Histocompatibility tests revealed the presence of A2 and B15 antigens in three cases. Diagnosis was confirmed in three cases by plasma determination of long-chain fatty acids, with an increase in the level of C26 acids and the C26/C22 ratio; biopsy of the peripheral nerve in one patient revealed inclusions characteristic of Schwann's cells. Symptomatological links between ALD and familial spasmodic paraplegia, the mode of genetic transmission of the disease, the contribution of neuromuscular biopsy to the diagnosis and the therapeutic prospects of a diet low in long-chain fatty acids are discussed.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗