Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Health”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

A comparison of two multidimensional measures of health status: the Nottingham Health Profile and the RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0.

In this study the applicability of two multidimensional instruments, the NHP and the RAND 36-item Health Survey 1.0, for measuring health status in population surveys was examined. A population sample of 1,063 persons aged over 17 years participated in the study. It was shown that, as compared with the NHP, the RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 is a more reliable measure of health status. Second, within a group of subjects who scored 'zero' on the NHP, considerable dispersion in RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 scores was found. For the whole group, no significant differences were found in the amount of variance explained by the corresponding scales from both instruments in the prevalence of chronic diseases. However, among subjects with a zero score on the NHP, the RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 scores were still predictive of the occurrence of chronic diseases. It was concluded that, compared with the NHP, the RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 seems to be a more sensitive instrument for the use in population samples.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Health status and occupation: use of a health status index to measure the health of occupations.

A total of 4466 employed persons completed the short Auckland University Health Status Index (AUHSI) questionnaire and a health score was assigned to each individual on the basis of their responses. This health score was found to have statistically significant associations with a number of health-related measures, including socio-economic status (P < 0.001), and with occupational group: administrative, clerical/sales/service, skilled trades and unskilled labour (P < 0.001). Within the occupational groups, 3361 employees could be assigned to 42 specific occupations having 19 or more members each. After controlling for age and gender, significant differences in mean health score for specific occupation were found in the clerical/sales/service (P < 0.05), skilled trades (P = 0.002) and unskilled manual (P < 0.05) groups. It is postulated that these differences may be due to the nature of the specific occupation. Some possible reasons are listed. It is concluded that a global measure of health status such as this may be useful in the planning and evaluation of occupational health services.

Female↗
PubMed1999

The influence of health needs assessment on health care decision-making in London health authorities.

OBJECTIVES: Health needs assessment gained prominence under the model of health care purchasing developed to support the 1991 reforms of the UK National Health Service (NHS). The objectives of this paper are to determine how needs assessment has been used in the NHS, to assess the influence it has had on decision-making, and to relate the observed uses of needs assessment to competing theoretical models of health care policy-making. METHODS: A survey of needs assessment activity in 14 London health authorities identified 217 needs assessments conducted between 1993 and 1996. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with public health and commissioning staff in each authority. RESULTS: The survey indicated that needs assessment directly supported decision-making and action in two-thirds of the studies identified, but up to 20% of needs assessments had no impact on service provision. Four key functions of health needs assessment were observed: identifying a problem; planning detailed changes to services; providing post hoc justification for earlier decisions; and using participation in needs assessment to build 'ownership' of subsequent decisions. CONCLUSIONS: The survey suggests that needs assessment is, in practice, consistent with a 'mixed scanning' model of decision-making. Needs assessment is used to help select issues for detailed investigation and to direct analytical and decision-making resources. However, certain key areas are not amenable to technical analysis and solution, and are resolved through bargaining.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1988

Reproductive health and reproductive freedom: maternal health care and family planning in the Swedish health system.

Health care for mothers and children has been a cornerstone of the Swedish system of health care for many years, starting in the 1930s, when a national network of maternal health centers offered a variety of free prenatal services. This paper describes modern maternal health services whose primary goal is preventive care. Instruments for attaining this goal are regular check-ups for early detection of problems and for maintenance of good health; social and psychological support to expectant parents; information and training to prepare parents for delivery and parenting; information and education about risk factors in the parents' local environment and in society in general. Details of how these programs were developed, delivered and evaluated are provided by the author, a former Senior Medical Officer at the National Board of Health and Welfare, responsible for maternal health care and family planning on a national level.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1985

Public health aspects of mental health: the last 75 years of the American Journal of Public Health.

The American Journal of Public Health has reflected the relationship of public health to the field of mental health over its 75-year history. The earliest volumes of the Journal addressed movements and concerns within public mental health. Quantitative analysis of mental health articles shows wide fluctuations over the last 75 years, probably due to variations in federal funding for mental health research. Topical emphases in the Journal have included social issues and improved mental health, the contributions of epidemiological studies, and technological advances in prevention and treatment.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1997

Approval of information collection requirements for the joint interim rules for health insurance portability for group health plans, and the individual market health insurance reform: portability from group to individual coverage; federal rules for access in the individual market; state alternative mechanisms to federal rules--IRS, DOL, HCFA. Interim rules with request for comments; approval of information collection requirements.

On April 8, 1997, the Department of the Treasury, the Department of Labor, and the Department of Health and Human Services (Departments) published joint interim rules governing the access, portability and renewability requirements for group health plans and issuers offering group health insurance coverage in connection with a group health plan. The rules implemented changes made to certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (Code), the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), and the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act) enacted as part of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). In the April 8 publication, the Departments submitted the group market information collection requirements, for, among other things, establishing creditable coverage, notice of special enrollment rights, and notice of pre-existing condition exclusion periods, to be Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for emergency review under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA 95). In addition, on April 8, 1997 the Department of Health and Human Services submitted the HIPAA individual market information collection requirements to OMB for emergency review under the PRA 1995. This document amends the April 8 Federal Register documents to properly display the OMB control numbers.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1983

Health maintenance organizations; North Central Connecticut Health Maintenance Organization--Health Resources and Services Administration.

On August 10, 1982, the Office of Health Maintenance Organizations (OHMO) notified Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. (KFHP), One Kaiser Plaza, Oakland, California 94612, that North Central Connecticut Health Maintenance Organization (NCC/HMO), 99 Ash Street, East Hartford, Connecticut 06101, a federally qualified health maintenance organization (HMO), had successfully reestablished compliance with its assurances to the Secretary that it (1) maintain a fiscally sound operation, (2) maintain satisfactory administrative and managerial arrangements, and (3) obtain the required contractual provisions with health professionals providing basic health services to its members. The reestablishment of compliance took effect on July 1, 1982, and was based primarily on the completion of an agreement between NCC/HMO and KFHP under which KFHP assumed the operation of NCC/HMO. This notice also reports a name change for NCC/HMO to Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Connecticut, Inc. (KFHPC).

California↗
PubMed2000

Future directions in health for the new Government: our health and the public health.

The 'no model' model awaited the invisible hand. However, 'more government' demands more hands-on direction of the health system. To whom will the government turn for advice? The health professionals were excluded from the market experiment because of the concern that they would 'capture the process'. With the change in the political will, some of the most simplistic, fallacious perceptions of New Zealand's society should have less influence on health policy. The new government has the opportunity to re-engage New Zealanders in advancing the health of the nation. Public health specialists have a wealth of information to guide decision-making which deserves wider dissemination and more executive consideration. In personal health care, health professionals have the will to continue innovation but need a system in which their values are respected. One caveat: there is a tendency, whether the approach is 'more market' or 'more government', to try to measure everything and tick every box. When dealing with complex systems which need highly skilled professionals, however, there simply needs to be a high level of trust As when getting on a plane, central planners, like the rest of us, need to understand that sometimes the pilots must 'capture the process' in order to get back on course.

Government↗
PubMed1995

[Sex differences in health behavior and self assessed health in 11-15 years old children. A comparison between life conditions and health].

A total of 1860 children aged 11, 13 and 15 years from a nationwide random sample of schools completed an anonymous questionnaire on their social backgrounds, social networks, perceived health, life satisfaction, and health behaviour. Boys perceived their health to be better and had fewer psychosomatic symptoms than girls. They also did more physical exercise than girls. Boys and girls showed differences in social networks. Self-reported health status, weekly psychosomatic symptoms and health behaviour (smoking, exercise, and diet) were associated with social networks for both sexes. In particular, a good relationship to adults was found to be associated with positive health behaviour and perceived health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Adolescents' use of school-based health clinics for reproductive health services: data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.

Offering reproductive health services to students through school-based clinics (SBCs) may be a valuable public health strategy. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this report describes adolescents' use of SBCs for family planning and STD-related services. Of more than 1,200 students receiving reproductive health services in the year preceding the survey, 13.3% received family planning services from a SBC and 8.9% received STD-related services. Rural residence, no driver's license, younger age, and minority ethnicity increased the likelihood of using a SBC for family planning services. Rural residence, minority ethnicity, male gender, having a physical exam from a SBC, and less perceived parental approval of sex increased the likelihood of using a SBC for STD-related services. Further research should determine factors that increase adolescents' acceptance of reproductive health services from a SBC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Integrating the environment, the economy, and community health: a Community Health Center's initiative to link health benefits to smart growth.

The Sixteenth Street Community Health Center (SSCHC) in Milwaukee, Wis, is making a difference in the livability of surrounding neighborhoods and the overall health of the families it serves. SSCHC is going beyond traditional health care provider models and working to link the environment, the economy, and community health through urban brownfield redevelopment and sustainable land-use planning. In 1997, SSCHC recognized that restoration of local air and water quality and other environmental conditions, coupled with restoring family-supporting jobs in the neighborhood, could have a substantial impact on the overall health of families. Recent events indicate that SSCHC's pursuit of smart growth strategies has begun to pay off.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed1998

Health risks and health promotion for older women: utility of a health promotion diary.

Elderly women require health screening and health promotion services from nurses and other health care providers. Nurses serving this population require knowledge of age-specific health screening and health promotion services. A case study from a geriatric nurse practitioner's practice demonstrates the complexity of these activities. A diary of such services can help nurses focus on elderly women's needs for health promotion interventions.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Obstacles to dependent health care access in Oregon: health insurance or health care?

In the 1980s, Oregon was one of a handful of "states that could not wait" for national health care reform. Oregon's chosen approach to reform was predicated on two widely accepted assumptions. First, universal access to health care is best achieved by universal access to health insurance. Second, universal access to health care could best be achieved, at least politically, by incrementally building upon the existing health care delivery and insurance system. This article questions both of these assumptions in light of Oregon's decade-long experience in trying to expand access to health care among its dependent population.

Child↗
PubMed2003

APHA policies on universal health care: health for a few or health for all?

The American Public Health Association (APHA) has long advocated the development of a system of universal health care for all US residents. APHA has adopted several policies on this topic that stress the financing of the system of universal health care under a single-payer mechanism. However, this approach has never been adopted by US policymakers. The need for universal health coverage in the United States is growing more acute, and failure to provide such coverage threatens the health status of the public. I propose an alternative approach to the single-payer system that is based on incremental extension of existing coverage mechanisms, accompanied by fundamental reform of the health care delivery system. This approach is in keeping with the traditional methods of policy development in the United States, and I urge APHA to assume leadership in advocating it.

Health Care Reform↗
PubMed1985

Health behaviors and beliefs of four allied health professions regarding health promotion and disease prevention.

Certified nurse midwives, certified physician assistants, registered dental hygienists, and registered dietitians were surveyed to determine to what extent important health promotion and disease prevention behaviors are a part of their lifestyle. Also assessed were beliefs about health promotion and disease prevention practices. The study found that the respondents perceive themselves as important providers of health promotion and preventive services. Although most of the respondents are good health role models, many should consider changes in their own behaviors. Additionally, continued learning by many of these professionals appears warranted, particularly in recognizing the significance of certain health behaviors as they relate to preventing disease and promoting health.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Delivering health and mental health care services to children in family foster care after welfare and health care reform.

As the 20th century draws to a close, fundamental changes in the organization, financing, and delivery of health care and welfare services, principally directed at poor families, are likely to result in an increased number of children entering out-of-home care. These children typically have significant physical, mental health, and developmental problems. Whether the quality of health care services they receive will improve as a result of health care reform efforts and new approaches to service delivery remains to be seen. This article addresses some of the major changes wrought by welfare and health care reform and describes the essential features of a health care system that can meet the special needs of children in care.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Health-related quality of life and mental health problems after a disaster: are chronically ill survivors more vulnerable to health problems?

Studies have shown that the chronically ill are at higher risk for reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL) and for mental health problems. A combination with traumatic events might increase this risk. This longitudinal study among 1216 survivors of a disaster examines whether chronically ill survivors had a different course of HRQL and mental health problems compared to survivors without chronic diseases. HRQL and mental health problems were measured 3 weeks, 18 months and 4 years post-disaster. Data on pre-disaster chronic diseases was obtained from the electronic medical records of general practitioners. Random coefficient analyses showed significant interaction effects for social functioning, bodily pain and emotional role limitations at T2 only. Chronically ill survivors did not consistently have a different course of general health, physical role limitations, and mental health problems. In conclusion, chronic diseases were not an important risk factor for impaired HRQL and mental health problems among survivors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Self-reported health as a cultural health determinant in Arab and Jewish Israelis MABAT--National Health and Nutrition Survey 1999-2001.

Subjective health (SH) status serves as a measure of health in many studies of health-related issues as it is a good predictor of mortality, morbidity, and use of health services. The measure is used in many population groups. However, the degree to which it measures the same condition in different ethnic groups is not clear. Within Israel's first National Health and Nutrition Survey (MABAT) conducted during 1999-2001, face-to-face interviews were held with 3222 Israeli interviewees, 2379 Jews and 843 Arabs, aged between 25-64 years. Respondents reported their SH, co-morbidity, and other socioeconomic characteristics. Arabs reported higher levels of SH than Jews. In logistic regression analysis, co-morbidity was a much stronger correlate of poorer SH in the Arab than in the Jewish population. The association between socioeconomic variables depended on ethnic group and sex. The findings indicate that SH in Jews and Arabs does not necessarily have the same meaning in relation to objective measures of health, and caution should be exercised in the use of this measure in different population groups with different cultures. Arabs tend to evaluate health better than Jews even though life expectancy is lower and morbidity and mortality are higher in the former population group. Yet diagnosis of a disease increases the frequency of reporting lower SH, more in Arabs than in Jews.

Adult↗