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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Prevalence of liver cell dysplasia and association with HCC in a series of 100 cirrhotic liver explants.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Liver cell dysplasia of large (LLCD) and small (SLCD) cell types may represent a premalignant change. We sought to evaluate their prevalence, relationship with the gross type of cirrhosis, aetiology of liver disease, and the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma in a series of cirrhotic livers. METHODS: The presence and pattern of SLCD and LLCD were evaluated by careful histological analysis in 100 consecutive cirrhotic livers of viral (49%) or non viral (51%) aetiology, and with or without hepatocellular carcinoma. Prevalences were compared using Chi-square or Fisher's tests; relative risk for hepatocellular carcinoma was evaluated by the odds ratio. RESULTS: Dysplasia was found in 82/100 of livers. Eighty-one had LLCD, with (n=49) or without (n=32) associated SLCD. SLCD alone was found in only one case. LLCD and SLCD tended to be more frequent and extensive in mixed or macronodular cirrhosis than in micronodular cirrhosis. LLCD was significantly more frequent and extensive in cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, as was SLCD in cirrhosis due to hepatitis B virus or biliary diseases, where it showed a different pattern (focal vs diffuse, respectively). LLCD and SLCD were both significantly associated with the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma, even of small size. Small foci of SLCD and widespread LLCD were the two conditions which showed the strongest association with hepatocellular carcinoma, with odds ratios of: 6.33 and 3.88, respectively. Widespread SLCD was not relevant for hepatocellular carcinoma in biliary diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Liver cell dysplasia may be considered an additional risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis and should be looked for in biopsies. Widespread LLCD and SLCD with a focal pattern are particularly relevant for hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas widespread small cell changes found in biliary diseases seem to have a different biological significance.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1997

Diagnosis of HCC.

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Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2004

The HCC-domain of botulinum neurotoxins A and B exhibits a singular ganglioside binding site displaying serotype specific carbohydrate interaction.

Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins selectively invade neurons following binding to complex gangliosides. Recent biochemical experiments demonstrate that two ganglioside binding sites within the tetanus neurotoxin HC-fragment, originally identified in crystallographic studies to bind lactose or sialic acid, are required for productive binding to target cells. Here, we determine by mass spectroscopy studies that the HC-fragment of botulinum neurotoxins A and B bind only one molecule of ganglioside GT1b. Mutations made in the presumed ganglioside binding site of botulinum neurotoxin A and B abolished the formation of these HC-fragment/ganglioside complexes, and drastically diminished binding to neuronal membranes and isolated GT1b. Furthermore, correspondingly mutated full-length neurotoxins exhibit significantly reduced neurotoxicity, thus identifying a single ganglioside binding site within the carboxyl-terminal half of the HC-fragment of botulinum neurotoxins A and B. These binding cavities are defined by the conserved peptide motif H...SXWY...G. The roles of tyrosine and histidine in botulinum neurotoxins A and B in ganglioside binding differ from those in the analogous tetanus neurotoxin lactose site. Hence, these findings provide valuable information for the rational design of potent botulinum neurotoxin binding inhibitors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Gemcitabine and liposomal doxorubicin in biliary and hepatic carcinoma (HCC) chemotherapy: preliminary results and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Advanced biliary tract cancers have a poor prognosis. Gemcitabine (G) as a single agent or in combination represents an active treatment option. Systemic chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma represents a palliative treatment. Gemcitabine in combination with Liposomal Doxorubicin (LD) may represent an active treatment option. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical trials for biliary and hepatic carcinoma have been reviewed. RESULTS: We obtained RC (1 pt), RP (4 pts), SD (8 pts) and seven pts had PD (RR 25% and SD 40%). Our chemotherapy regimen was Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) d 1 and 8, Liposomal Doxorubicin 30 mg d 1, q 28. Patients were 21 (17 M), aged 44 to 78 (median 63 yrs). Only in 8 pts we observed G 3-4 haematological toxicity, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia (7 G3, 1 G4).

Adenocarcinoma↗