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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Gatekeepers of the nucleus.

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) form the site for entry and exit from the nucleus. A convergence of studies have defined the physical framework for the nuclear transport mechanism. This includes definition of the soluble transport machinery required for protein and RNA movement, x-ray structure analysis of transport factors, definitive compositional analysis of yeast NPCs, and documentation of the relative steady state arrangement of NPC components within the portal. With this information, researchers are now in the exciting position to examine the dynamic interplay between shuttling transport factors and the static pore complex.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Regulation of Cx43 gap junctions: the gatekeeper and the password.

Gap junctions are regulatable pores that connect the cytoplasms of neighboring cells. Hossain and Boynton focus on connexin 43 gap junctions and their regulation by changing the phosphorylation status of the COOH-terminal domain of connexin 43 or by altering protein-protein interactions in this region. The COOH-terminal domain of connexin 43 appears to be a key player in regulating gap junctional communication (GJC) because many divergent signals in many different cell types modify this domain to inhibit GJC.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Effect of endoscopic augmentation of the lower oesophageal sphincter (Gatekeeper reflux repair system) on intraoesophageal dynamic characteristics of acid reflux.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Improvements in symptoms following endoscopic procedures for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) are seldom supported by normalisation of acid exposure time at the distal oesophagus. However, the distribution of gastric acid within the proximal oesophagus is a main determinant of symptom generation in GORD patients. In this study, our aim was to assess the effect of endoscopic insertion of hydrogel expandable prostheses into the oesophageal submucosa on spatiotemporal characteristics of gastro-oesophageal reflux. METHODS: Oesophageal manometry and multichannel ambulatory 24 hour pH monitoring were carried out in nine patients before and six months after the endoscopic procedure. Dynamic characteristics of gastro-oesophageal reflux in patients were also compared with those in 13 asymptomatic controls. RESULTS: Acid exposure time (AET) at the distal oesophagus decreased from 11.7% (95% confidence interval 6.1-21.8) at baseline to 7.7% (3.7-11.6) at follow up (NS). Of the nine patients, distal AET normalised in three. AET at the middle (7.6% (2.9-12.3)) and proximal (2.4% (0.1-4.8)) oesophagus decreased significantly in all patients (2.4% (0.3-4.5), p <0.01; 1.2% (0.2-2.2), p<0.05 respectively). Proximal extent of acid events significantly decreased in all patients at follow up (37.3% v 9.5%), reaching values observed in asymptomatic controls. Median GORD health related quality of life scores significantly improved from 35.5 at baseline to 9.4. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the lack of a significant improvement in traditional pH variables, endoscopic implant of hydrogel prostheses above the lower oesophageal sphincter significantly decreases proximal spread of acid reflux into oesophageal body. This effect would explain the improvement in symptoms in patients six months after therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Mitochondrial ion channels: gatekeepers of life and death.

Continuous generation of ATP by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is essential to maintain function in mechanically active cells such as cardiomyocytes. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial ion channels activated by reactive oxygen species can induce a mitochondrial "critical" state, which can scale to cause electrical and contractile dysfunction of the cardiac cell and, ultimately, the whole heart. Here we focus on how mitochondrial ion channels participate in life-and-death decisions of the cell and discuss the challenges ahead for translating recent findings into novel therapeutic applications.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Recombinant marker allergens: diagnostic gatekeepers for the treatment of allergy.

During the past decade an increasing number of recombinant allergens have become available, representing a significant proportion of the epitope complexity of natural allergen extracts. Component-resolved diagnosis with recombinant allergens reveals the antibody reactivity profile of allergic patients and identifies the disease-eliciting allergen molecules. This article exemplifies how recombinant allergen molecules with high cross-reactive potential can be used as marker allergens to identify allergic patients who are cross-sensitized to a variety of allergen sources. It further demonstrates how the use of allergens with a restricted distribution in a certain group of allergen sources may allow the identification of patients who have been genuinely sensitized by a particular allergen molecule. Drawing from those examples, it is suggested how diagnostic tests based on such recombinant marker allergens may be used to improve the choice and monitoring of currently available forms of specific immunotherapy.

Adult↗