Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “GELS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Becaplermin gel (Regranex gel)].

Becaplermine gel (Regranex) is an hydrogel which contains 100 microg of Platelet Derived Growth Factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) per gram. Regranex is presented in 15-gram multidose tubes. It has been approved as adjuvant treatment for neuropathic diabetic ulcerations of less than 5 cm2, extending into the subcutaneous tIssue, in the absence of ischemia, in conjunction with a standardised program of appropriate wound care, (control of infection, sharp debridement, provision of a moist environment and avoidance of pressure on the wound). PDGF-BB promotes cutaneous wound healing by increasing proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts and extracellular matrix deposition. PDGF also promotes chemotaxis of neutrophils, monocytes and smooth muscle cells in wounds. Topical application of rhPDGF-BB speeds wound healing and promotes granulation tIssue formation, synthesis of extracellular matrix and the inflammatory phase of the wound healing process in healthy and healing-impaired animal models. In clinical trials in humans, accelarated healing has been demonstrated in patients with lower extremity diabetic neuropathic ulcers and decubitus sores by increasing granulation tIssue formation and epithelialization. Local toxicity studies in humans were negative (repeated becaplermin gel application under occlusion to intact or abraded skin, dermal sensitization tests). Pharmacokinetic studies in humans have shown that systemic absorption after topical applications was minimal. In trials, systemic and local tolerance were excellent. Reported adverse effects were similar in incidence and in nature in all groups. The 0.01% Regranex gel is safe and easy to use, with single daily application. It is currently the only commercially available topical growth factor for use in cutaneous wound healing.

Becaplermin↗
PubMed2004

[Efficacy and safety of a fluid carbomer gel versus a conventional carbomer gel in dry eye treatment].

AIM: To compare the risk/benefit for C974P (a 0.25% fluid carbomer gel in a vial allowing dropwise instillation) versus a conventional carbomer gel. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During this multicenter, randomized, investigator-masked trial, patients with dry eye syndrome were treated with C974P or C940. Control visits were planned on day 7, day 28 (efficacy evaluation) and day 56 (tolerance evaluation). The main criterion was dry eye symptoms globally assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS). The non-inferiority limit for the between-group difference of VAS changes was 10 mm. RESULTS: In the population of 169 patients (87 patients for C974P, 82 for C940), C974P was at least as effective as C940 on symptoms (non-inferiority hypothesis confirmed). The mean VAS value fell by one third in the two groups. The objective signs improved identically in the two groups: corneal staining by fluorescein (p=0.96), rose Bengal score (p=0.73), and lacrimal break-up time (p=0.73). The dosage adaptation was slightly lower than three instillations per day (p=0.16). The adverse events were mild or moderate. CONCLUSION: C974P galenic changes are able to reach the same level of efficacy on dry eye symptoms and ocular surface damages as the conventional tube carbomer gels.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2001

Effect of sodium chloride on the gelation temperature, gel strength and bioadhesive force of poloxamer gels containing diclofenac sodium.

Liquid suppository systems composed of poloxamers and bioadhesive polymers were easy to administer to the anus and mucoadhesive to the rectal tissues without leakage after the dose. However, a liquid suppository system containing diclofenac sodium could not be developed using bioadhesive polymers, since the drug was precipitated in this preparation. To develop a liquid suppository system using sodium chloride instead of bioadhesive polymers, the physicochemical properties such as gelation temperature, gel strength and bioadhesive force of various formulations composed of diclofenac sodium, poloxamers and sodium chloride were investigated. The mixtures of P 407 (15%) and P 188 (15-20%) existed as a liquid at room temperature, but gelled at physiological temperature. Diclofenac sodium significantly increased the gelation temperature and weakened the gel strength and bioadhesive force, while sodium chloride did the opposite. Furthermore, the poloxamer gels with less than 1.0% of sodium chloride, in which the drug was not precipitated, were inserted into the rectum of rabbits without difficulty and leakage, and retained in the rectum of rats for at least 6 h. Our results suggested that a thermosensitive liquid suppository system with sodium chloride and poloxamers was a more physically stable and convenient rectal dosage form for diclofenac sodium.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Inner-sphere complexation of cobalt(II) 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline ([Co(neo)]2+) with commercial and sol-gel derived silica gel surfaces.

[Co(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(solvent)4]2+ ([Co(neo)]2+) undergoes a significant decrease in symmetry to form an inner-sphere surface complex when grafted directly on performed silica or introduced during the sol-gel process. The visible and X-ray absorption spectra of the surface adducts are interpreted in terms of a binding mode in which the Co(II) center has a highly distorted pseudo-C2v symmetry. The interaction of [Co(neo)]2+ with the silica surface was analyzed using an acid-base equilibrium relationship. Half-maximal surface binding was observed at pH ca. 6. Linear fits to the pH dependence data are consistent with inner-sphere binding of a single silanol group to the cobalt center. The formation of the surface species in tetramethoxyorthosilicate (TMOS) sol-gels required approximately 2 equiv of hydroxide anion per cobalt center, suggesting a two-proton-dependent binding event to form a species such as [Co(neo)(SiO)2]. Both sol-gel and silica samples showed essentially identical visible and X-ray absorption spectra, indicating formation of very similar surface adducts when the different synthesis procedures were employed. The maximal binding of [Co(neo)]2+ on three silica samples with different pore diameters and surface areas was compared. Increased binding was found to be inversely proportional to surface area and proportional to pore diameter, indicating a preference for less sterically demanding surface sites.

Cobalt↗
PubMed2006

Challenges related to analysis of protein spot volumes from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis as revealed by replicate gels.

Assumptions that need to be considered prior to statistical analysis of protein spot volumes from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) data are studied using replicate gels of the same sample. The most important observation is that the data tables of protein spot volumes from 2-DE images contain a large number of missing values, which are not consistent with the presence or absence of the proteins. This implies both loss of information and problems for the subsequent statistical analysis. Challenges with 2-DE protein spot volumes are viewed in light of multiple gel comparisons and multivariate data analysis.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed2001

A comparison of adapalene gel 0.1% vs. tretinoin gel 0.025% in the treatment of acne vulgaris in China.

AIM: To compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of adapalene gel 0.1% vs. tretinoingel 0.025% in a Chinese patient population. BACKGROUND: Although acne vulgaris is a common problem among Asians and Asian-Americans, little has been published on the specific manifestations, sequelae, and treatment-responsiveness of this disorder in Asian skin types. Since Asian skin types tend to be more highly pigmented than those of white people of European descent, many Asians share the predisposition toward postinflammatory hyperpigmentation seen in Africans, African-Americans and other dark-skinned peoples. It is generally assumed that the efficacy and safety of topical retinoids is the same in Asians as in white people. Tretinoin has been available in China for decades; adapalene became available in 1998. METHODS: A total of 150 patients with grade II-III acne vulgaris seen at three dermatology clinics were randomized to 8 weeks of daily treatment with either adapalene gel 0.1% or tretinoin gel 0.025%. Counts of total lesions, inflammatory lesions and non-inflammatory lesions were made at baseline and again at treatment weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8. Global assessment ratings, based on percent lesion reduction from baseline were also made. Erythema, burning, pruritus, scaling and dryness were rated on a 0-3 severity scale. RESULTS: A total of 139 patients completed the efficacy evaluation, and 144 patients completed the safety evaluation. Both adapalene and tretinoin produce dramatic reductions in total, inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesion counts, in the range of 69-74% on average. More than 70% of patients in both groups had complete clearance or marked improvement. In general, irritation was mild, but was both more common and more severe in the tretinoin group vs. the adapalene group. No systemic side effects were seen. CONCLUSIONS: Adapalene offers comparable efficacy to tretinoin, but is less irritating. It represents a good alternative for the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris in Chinese patients.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2000

Comparative analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis in separating Escherichia coli uidA amplicons differing in single base substitutions.

A set of Escherichia coli freshwater isolates was chosen to compare the effectiveness of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) vs temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) for separating homologous amplicons from the respective uidA region differing in one to seven single base substitutions. Both methods revealed congruent results but DGGE showed a five to eight times higher spatial separation of the uidA amplicons as compared with TTGE, although the experiments were performed at comparable denaturing gradients. In contrast to TTGE, DGGE displayed clear and focused bands. The results strongly indicated a significantly higher discrimination efficiency of the spatial chemical denaturing gradient as compared with the temporal temperature denaturing gradient for separating the uidA amplicons. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis proved to be highly efficient in the differentiation of E. coli uidA sequence types.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Calcium pectate gel beads for cell entrapment. 6. Morphology of stabilized and hardened calcium pectate gel beads with cells for immobilized biotechnology.

The structure of standard and stabilized calcium pectate gel (CPG) beads has been examined by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. A two-stage crosslinking procedure with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and glutaraldehyde (GA) led to the formation of a more compact layer on the bead surface. On the other hand, the stabilization procedure did not significantly change either gel bead interior or morphologic properties, vitality and biotransformation activity of immobilized bacterial cells (Nocardia tartaricans) against cis-epoxysuccinate as well as yeast cells (Trigonopsis variabilis) against cephalosporin C. The structure of these cells within the calcium pectate matrix remained unchanged. Moreover, the two-step chemical stabilization of CPG containing T. variabilis or N. tartaricans had a favourable effect on storage and operational stability at semi-continuous and continuous processing in stirred batch and packed-bed reactors. The most valuable effect of stabilization was the fact that the hardened CPG comprising the cells N. tartaricans resisted, for a long time (360 days and more), the destructive effects of the product (such strong sequestering reagent as L-(+)-tartaric acid) at high concentrations (up to 1 M). Non-hardened CPG was destroyed after 21 h. The reference materials, hardened and non-hardened calcium alginate gels (CAG), were destroyed over 3 h or 30 min, respectively.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2002

Measurement of surface area, gel weight and saliva weight in a gelatin-based gel over the course of mastication.

The aim was to devise a method for the measurement of total surface area and weight, as well as saliva weight, for a gelatin-based confectionery gel over the course of human mastication for input into separate modelling of flavour release. The method is based on an alcohol rinse to remove saliva, followed by immersion in amaranth dye to give a thin surface dye layer coating the gel fragments. Total surface area is then found by measurement of quantity of absorbed dye. The resulting time profiles for the six panellists showed that surface area reached a maximum of 3000 mm2 with the 4.28 g gel weight being consumed over 41 to 64 sec with differing numbers of swallows (4-6) and chews (52-103). Calculated total relative saliva weights, 498-993 g kg-1, and flow rates, 2.8-5.6 g min-1, were towards the upper range of those reported in the literature.

Amaranth Dye↗
PubMed1992

Field inversion gel electrophoresis in denaturing polyacrylamide gels.

The velocities of single stranded DNA molecules in denaturing polyacrylamide gels during symmetric and asymmetric field inversion were measured at different pulse times and gel concentrations. Under the conditions chosen in our study, pulse times as short as a few milliseconds lead to a retardation of DNA molecules larger than 400 bases. We found that a field inversion with an electric field in the forward direction of about double the strength of that applied in the backward direction is a good compromise between the degree of retardation, the temperature control requirements and the run time of the gel.

DNA, Single-Stranded↗
PubMed1969

Antigens of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: characterization by gel filtration, complement fixation, and agar-gel diffusion of antigens of gonococcal protoplasm.

With the use of the agar-gel-diffusion and complement-fixation techniques, it was shown that protoplasm from different gonococcal isolates reacted with sera from some humans with a history of gonorrhea but did not react with "normal" human sera. The reactive antigen(s) could be partially separated from the other antigens by passing the gonococcal protoplasm through Sephadex G-200. The antigen(s) reacting in the gel-diffusion and complement-fixation tests appeared in the same fraction. On the basis of Sephadex gel filtration, the molecular weight of this antigen(s) is probably greater than 200,000.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of visna virus polypeptides isolated by agarose gel chromatography.

The proteins of visna are separated into nine major peaks by agarose gel chromatography in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl). The polypeptides in eack peak were isolated by acid precipitation and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The patterns of SDS-PAGE show that the excluded material from the GuHCl column contains an aggregate of 10 non-glycosylated polypeptides. It is shown that this aggregate represents virus substructures that are not completely solubilized by GuHCl. Two glycoproteins, gp175 and gp115, were isolated from the column eluate. The major glycoprotein gp115 was coeluted with P90, P68, and P61 in GuHCl 4. Each of the four major peaks (GuHCl 5 to 8) contains more than one nonglycosylated polypeptide. However, a small polypeptide, P12, can be isolated in a homogeneous form in the last peak, GuHCl 9. Analysis of the virus proteins (100 microgram) by SDS-PAGE shows that 20 radioactive bands can be recognized. During fractionation of the protein on agarose gel columns followed by analysis with SDS-PAGE, a number of minor polypeptides that were not detected before became clearly recognizable. Thus, the combined use of column chromatography and SDS-PAGE shows that visna virus is composed of 25 proteins.

Chromatography, Agarose↗
PubMed1993

A methodology for the systematic and quantitative study of cell contact guidance in oriented collagen gels. Correlation of fibroblast orientation and gel birefringence.

Despite the likely role of contact guidance in every physiological process involving cell migration, its study in a three-dimensional tissue-equivalent environment has been precluded, heretofore, by inherent difficulties in systematically preparing well-defined contact guidance fields and quantifying the resultant contact guidance. Here, we describe a novel use of a magnetic field to orient collagen fibrils during fibrillogenesis, entrapping cells dispersed in the collagen solution. Using computer-controlled staging and image analysis, we show from automated birefringence measurements of the resultant slab of cell-populated gel contained in a specially designed observation chamber that the fibril orientation is biased along the long axis of the chamber uniformly throughout the chamber. Further, we show that the degree of fibril orientation, and consequently the elicited contact guidance, can be controlled by independently varying the magnetic field strength or temperature during fibrillogenesis. We characterize the contact guidance response to the imposed contact guidance field by measuring cell orientation relative to the axis of fibril orientation from still images obtained in time-lapse via automated image analysis. We present the first quantitative correlation of contact guidance (based on cell orientation) with collagen fibril orientation (based on birefringence) for human foreskin fibroblasts cultured in a collagen gel, by using gels of varying orientation resulting from different magnetic field strengths and temperatures during fibrillogenesis, and by using sufficiently low cell concentrations and early observation times.

Birefringence↗
PubMed2005

Prestaining method as a useful tool for the agarose gel electrophoretic detection of polymerase chain reaction products with a fluorescent dye SYBR gold nucleic acid gel stain.

Three staining methods using SYBR Gold Nucleic Acid Gel Stain (SYBR Gold) as a fluorescent dye were evaluated for the agarose gel electrophoretic detection of DNA. The methods involve prestain, in-gel stain, and poststain methods. DNA markers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products obtained by minisatellite variant repeat-PCR (MVR-PCR) amplification in a D1S8 locus were used as model DNA and practical samples, respectively. Among the three methods tested under the usual electrophoretic conditions, a prestain method using a 10000-fold diluted SYBR Gold solution showed most excellent features regarding cost and rapidity to use with good stainability and resolution over loaded DNA amounts of about 98 ng to 300 ng. The prestain method was found to be applicable to the analysis of DNA in MVR-PCR products from a human hair root.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of a combination topical gel formulation of benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin with benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin and vehicle gel in the treatments of acne vulgaris.

BACKGROUND: Topical clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide have each demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of acne vulgaris. When used in combination, they promise greater efficacy than either individual agent used alone and the combined use of benzoyl peroxide with topical antibacterial has been shown to decrease the emergence of antibacterial resistant species. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the efficacy and safety of a combination benzoyl peroxide plus clindamycin in a gel formulation compared with each of its 2 active constituents in gel vehicle, and gel vehicle given alone in the treatment of acne vulgaris. METHODS: In this 10-week, multicenter, double-blind trial, 480 patients with moderate to moderately severe acne were randomized to receive twice-daily treatment with 5% benzoyl peroxide plus 1% clindamycin, 5% benzoyl peroxide, 1% clindamycin, or vehicle. RESULTS: Significantly greater reductions in the number of inflammatory and total lesions were demonstrated in patients using combination therapy compared with those using any of its 3 individual components. Likewise, both physicians' and patients' global evaluations showed significantly greater improvements with the combination therapy than with its individual components. The most frequent adverse effect, dry skin, occurred to a similar extent in the combination and benzoyl peroxide treatment groups. CONCLUSION: The improved efficacy obtained with the combination therapy was accompanied by a tolerability profile similar to that of benzoyl peroxide alone, making this new combination product an alternative antimicrobial therapy for acne vulgaris.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1980

Analytical gradient polyacrylamide gel-crossed line immunoelectrophores. A technique for locating species specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV antigens in polyacrylamide gel columns.

Analytical gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV was combined with crossed line immunoelectrophoresis to locate the position of antigens in polyacrylamide gel columns that appeared to be specific for M. tuberculosis H37RV. Specificity was established by comparing H37RV with M. kansaii CE in the electrophoretic procedure and the relative mobility (Rm) values are being used in an effort to recover and enrich specific antigens from preparative gel columns. Such fractions should be more suitable in efforts to recover purified monospecific components from M. tuberculosis H37RV.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of treatment of acne vulgaris with alternate-day applications of tazarotene 0.1% gel and once-daily applications of adapalene 0.1% gel: a randomized trial.

Tazarotene and adapalene are recently introduced topical retinoids that are useful in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The clinical benefits of each drug have now been compared in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study involving 164 patients with mild-to-moderate facial acne vulgaris. Patients were randomized to receive 15 weeks' treatment with alternate-day tazarotene 0.1% gel, with vehicle gel on the intervening evenings, or once-daily adapalene 0.1% gel. Both regimens were comparably effective with no significant between-group differences in efficacy measures. A total of 74% of tazarotene-treated subjects and 73% of adapalene-treated subjects achieved at least a 50% improvement in their acne. In addition, there were no clinically significant differences in tolerability. It is concluded that an alternate-day tazarotene regimen offers efficacy and thus tazarotene treatment can be useful even in patients whose compliance may be suboptimal. An alternate-day regimen also offers the potential for considerable savings in drug costs.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracrevicular application of 0.3% Flurbiprofen gel and 0.3% Triclosan gel as anti inflammatory agent. A comparative clinical study.

This study compared the anti-inflammatory efficacy of Triclosan and Flurbiprofen in a gel form on clinical parameters of moderate gingivitis cases. The study comprised of 100 sites from 16 volunteers and used split mouth technique. 0.3% Triclosan/0.3% Flurbiprofen gels applied intracrevicularly once daily for one week. Clinical parameters like Plaque index, Gingival index and Bleeding index scores were recorded at 0 day, 4th day and 8th day. The obtained results showed significant reductions in clinical parameters from baseline to 8th day. This indicates local delivery of 0.3% Triclosan/0.3% Flurbiprofen gel can be used as an anti-inflammatory agents either alone or as an adjunct to scaling in periodontal therapy.

Adolescent↗