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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Positive states of mind and athletic injury risk.

Horowitz, Adler, and Kegeles recently developed the Positive States of Mind (PSOM) scale to assess the ability to achieve desirable states of mind. According to a stress and injury model, a theoretical foundation exists for the PSOM being used to predict vulnerability to athletic injuries. In the first study, 277 collegiate athletes from 10 sports completed the PSOM. The scale showed good internal consistency; Cronbach's alpha was .77 for the six items. Principle components factor analysis revealed two distinct factors. No sex or ethnic differences occurred for the total PSOM scale or the two factors. In the second study, injury data were gathered throughout the season on 82 athletes who completed the PSOM. Pearson-product correlations revealed the factor, Focused on Task, significantly correlated with injury. Athletes able to attain higher positive states of mind were less at risk for injury. The studies indicate the acceptability of using the PSOM with an athletic population and its usefulness as a potential predictor of injury risk. Future research using the PSOM scale in more general injury and accident investigations is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Electrohydrodynamics of binary electrolytes driven by modulated surface potentials.

We study the electrohydrodynamics of the Debye screening layer that arises in an aqueous binary solution near a planar insulating wall when applying a spatially modulated ac voltage. Combining this with first order perturbation theory we establish the governing equations for the full nonequilibrium problem and obtain analytic solutions in the bulk for the pressure and velocity fields of the electrolyte and for the electric potential. We find good agreement between the numerics of the full problem and the analytics of the linear theory. Our work provides the theoretical foundations of circuit models discussed in the literature. The nonequilibrium approach also reveals unexpected high-frequency dynamics not predicted by circuit models.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Atmospheric science. Weather forecasting with ensemble methods.

Traditional weather forecasting has been built on a foundation of deterministic modeling--start with initial conditions, put them into a supercomputer model, and end up with a prediction about future weather. But as Gneiting and Raftery discuss in their Perspective, a new approach--ensemble forecasting--was introduced in the early 1990s. In this method, up to 100 different computer runs, each with slightly different starting conditions or model assumptions, are combined into a weather forecast. In concert with statistical techniques, ensembles can provide accurate statements about the uncertainty in daily and seasonal forecasting. The challenge now is to improve the modeling, statistical analysis, and visualization technologies for disseminating the ensemble results.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Representing thoughts, words, and things in the UMLS.

The authors describe a framework, based on the Ogden-Richards semiotic triangle, for understanding the relationship between the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and the source terminologies from which the UMLS derives its content. They pay particular attention to UMLS's Concept Unique Identifier (CUI) and the sense of "meaning" it represents as contrasted with the sense of "meaning" represented by the source terminologies. The CUI takes on emergent meaning through linkage to terms in different terminology systems. In some cases, a CUI's emergent meaning can differ significantly from the original sources' intended meanings of terms linked by that CUI. Identification of these different senses of meaning within the UMLS is consistent with historical themes of semantic interpretation of language. Examination of the UMLS within such a historical framework makes it possible to better understand the strengths and limitations of the UMLS approach for integrating disparate terminologic systems and to provide a model, or theoretic foundation, for evaluating the UMLS as a Possible World--that is, as a mathematical formalism that represents propositions about some perspective or interpretation of the physical world.

Linguistics↗
PubMed2026

Drug repurposing using transcriptomics: principles and unmet needs in cardiovascular disease.

Although cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, therapeutic development in this field is slow. Given the high cost of developing new drugs and running clinical trials for cardiovascular disease, repurposing of drugs with approved safety profiles is an attractive strategy for therapeutic development that can significantly reduce the time and cost investment before phase II clinical trials. In the era of "Omics," various new methods and several large databases have been developed to enable the use of transcriptomics data for drug repurposing. This review summarizes the principles and workflow of signature mapping, which forms the foundation of statistical models used for transcriptome-based drug repurposing. We highlight the features of different analysis pipelines and databases that have been developed for signature mapping. These analysis pipelines prioritize genes that are statistically important, an approach that fundamentally differs from the pharmacological approach of identifying disease-driving and therapeutically targetable pathways. Outcomes of signature mapping pipelines are sensitive to the quality of input data, and results are not always reproducible. Moreover, all widely used RNA-seq databases are derived from cancer research and lack high-quality molecular data for cardiovascular disease. These unmet needs call for interdisciplinary collaboration and large networks of cardiovascular research-oriented biobanks to create the databases needed for transcriptomic-based signature mapping for drug repurposing efforts.

Drug Repositioning↗
PubMed2005

Causal thinking and causal language in epidemiology: it's in the details.

Although epidemiology is necessarily involved with elucidating causal processes, we argue that there is little practical need, having described an epidemiological result, to then explicitly label it as causal (or not). Doing so is a convention which obscures the valuable core work of epidemiology as an important constituent of public health practice. We discuss another approach which emphasizes the public health "use value" of research findings in regard to prediction and intervention independent from explicit metaphysical causal claims. Examples are drawn from smoking and lung cancer, with particular focus on the original 1964 Surgeon General's report on smoking and the new version released in 2004. The intent is to help the epidemiologist focus on the pertinent implications of research, which, from a public health point of view, in large part entails the ability to predict and to intervene. Further discussion will center on the importance of differentiating between technical/practical uses of causal language, as might be used in structural equations or marginal structural modeling, and more foundational notions of cause. We show that statistical/epidemiological results, such as "smoking two packs a day increases risk of lung cancer by 10 times" are in themselves a kind of causal argument that are not in need of additional support from relatively ambiguous language such as "smoking causes lung cancer." We will show that the confusion stemming from the use of this latter statement is more than mere semantics. Our goal is to allow researchers to feel more confident in the power of their research to tell a convincing story without resorting to metaphysical/unsupportable notions of cause.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transient response of piles-bridge under horizontal excitation.

Moving ships and other objects drifting on water often impact a bridge's pile foundations. The mechanical model of the piles-bridge structure under horizontal forcing was established, and a time-domain approach based on Finite-difference Method was developed for analyzing the dynamic response of the piles-bridge structure. For a single pile, good agreement between two computed results validated the present approach. The slenderness ratio of the pile, the pile-soil stiffness ratio and the type of the structure influence the dynamic response of the piles-bridge structure. The computed results showed that the stiffness of the structure determines the dynamic response of the piles-bridge structure under horizontal forcing.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Deaf people at work: assessment of communication among deaf and hearing persons in work settings.

This paper focuses on the assessment of communication among deaf and hearing persons within work settings. The paper is organized into two sections. In the first section, findings are presented from an ethnographic study of deaf professionals who have achieved relative success in their employment. The results from this study provide the foundation for a model of communication in work settings, presented in the second section of the paper. This model uses an ecological approach, focusing on assessment of communication at the individual level as it occurs within the broader context of organizational culture, influenced by national trends regarding legal rights, technological advances, and social awareness/attitudes towards deafness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical application of photodynamic method to the treatment of malignancies. Part II].

The successfully finished experimental studies in an animal model became the foundation for starting clinical trials with the use of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of malignancies in humans. The data presented in the literature worldwide include mainly early results of such studies. This method seems to be of particular usefulness in the treatment of neoplasma with location accessible to various light sources, including the use of endoscopic techniques. Several thousand patients with various degrees of disease progression were subjected to the treatment. Among others, oesophagal, gastric and large bowel cancers were treated as well as malignancies of the pancreas and bile ducts, lungs, brain, breasts skin and bladder. The results of the presented clinical trials point to the possibility of the use of photodynamic therapy as the main treatment, and also as an element of supportive therapy e.g. in classical surgical treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Pain management.

Patients with pain are not a new phenomena. For centuries, the incidence of pain has been well-documented. Responsibility for pain management has not been a universal priority for health care providers; however, pain management must be considered an integral part of the nursing role. The health care system must facilitate the improved management of patient's pain. A better understanding of the factors that underpin the effective management of a patient's pain is necessary. In this article, the theoretical foundation and conceptual model used in the expansion of this knowledge is presented. Further, the physiologic and pharmacologic principles related to this patient care issue are discussed. Appropriate consideration of the nurse's significant part in the management of pain is emphasized.

Analgesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1994

Where is the research frontier for hand-arm vibration?

A central question for current hand-arm vibration research is how to combine diagnostics with exposure evaluation so that reliable risk assessments can be made for different tools and work processes. The scientific foundation of the model, in annex of A of ISO 5349, for white finger (WF) risk prediction has been shown to be insufficient. Prospective epidemiologic studies are needed to establish exposure-response relationships addressing the specific etiologic factors. Another important research field concerns WF pathogenesis, which is likely to be a vessel wall lesion causing vasodilatory deficiency. Epidemiologic research, in combination with human and animal experimentation, on endothelium-dependent mechanisms is desirable, among other things, because a therapy may be within reach. A model is presented for the manifestation of cold-triggered WF in persons with exposure to vibration and other environmental stressors as a result of lowered symptom threshold and a raised level of sympathetic activity.

Hand↗
PubMed1993

Mind-Mapping approach (MMA): a culture and language "free" technique.

Although the roots of the Mind-Mapping approach (MMA) reach back into the depths of psychology, it is our growing understanding of the human brain, how it functions, what affects it, how we can assist it--which has become the real foundation for the model discussed in this paper. By finding ways of creating environments that are brain compatible--or rather--brain enhancing, we can begin to serve the whole person in all his dimensions. In this paper the need for language and culture "free" therapeutic techniques will be discussed. Reference is made to the author's research where the MMA was used very successfully with a closed head injured (CHI) client in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique. The problem of CHI is also discussed. In addition, a brief theoretical review of the brain as it pertains to the concept of the MMA is offered. In the conclusion, it is suggested that global techniques such as the MMA, which are based on fundamental and universal principles, are the route to finding language and culture "free" techniques.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1996

[Participative management in nursing service].

The management style of the nursing service manager influences the facilitation of health, quality nursing care and quality work life of the nurses. No evidence of any research in this regard-within the context of nursing service-in South Africa could be found. The concept participative management, as well as the process (with applicable guidelines) therefore requires investigation. The purpose with this article is to isolate (identify and define) the central concepts pertaining to participative management in a nursing service, as well as the exploration and description of the process of participative management (with applicable guidelines). An exploratory, descriptive and qualitative research design was followed. Individual interviews with management experts were conducted. Content analysis of these interviews were done, as well as a literature control. A conceptual definition was formulated by inference of data, as well as the description of the process of participative management, with applicable guidelines. It is recommended that this definition be submitted to further refinement to form the foundation of a model for participative management in a nursing service. It will also be meaningful to research the costs and other implications related to participative management in a nursing service.

Decision Making, Organizational↗
PubMed1988

Cancer families: human models of susceptibility to neoplasia--the Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation Award lecture.

Members of cancer families are at exceptionally high risk and can be studied as human models of cancer susceptibility. These patients represent rare "experiments of nature" that can reveal new insights into carcinogenic processes. We use clinical observations to identify the high risk patient, epidemiological studies to quantitate the excess risk, and laboratory investigations to examine the biological basis of susceptibility. We have uncovered a series of new family cancer syndromes that are under study for molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of cancers in general. This presentation describes our investigations of four disorders: the syndrome of sarcomas, breast cancer, and other neoplasms; inheritance of both renal cell carcinoma and a constitutional chromosome translocation in a kindred; familial Wilms' tumor; and the hepatoblastoma-adenomatous polyposis association.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2003

[Flow model of internal-loop granular sludge bed nitrifying reactor].

Internal-loop granular sludge bed nitrifying reactor is a new type of aerobic nitrifying equipment and has shown a good potential for nitrification. To study the flow pattern and construct the flow model, the tracer tests were performed using pulse stimulus-response technique. Based on the experimental results, the flow pattern in the settling section and the circulating section of reactor were analyzed by axial dispersion model and tank-in-series model, respectively. The dispersion number D/uL of 0.00148 in the settling section indicates that its flow pattern is similar to plug flow reactor (PFR), and the series number N of 1.021 in the circulating section indicates that its flow pattern is similar to continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). During steady state, the theoretic hydraulic retention time is 360 min, and the actual hydraulic retention time is 341.2 min. The percentage of dead space in the reactor is 5.22%, thereinto the dead space caused by biomass (db ) is 0.75 % and the hydraulic dead space (dh) is 4.47%, which shows that the structural performance of the reactor is excellent. Based on the experiments and analysis, a model of CSTR and PFR in series was constructed. The actual hydraulic retention time distribution of the reactor is in good agreement with the model predictions. Since the relative error between them is 8.56%, the model is accurate to describe the flow pattern. The results have laid a foundation for the kinetic model of the reactor and will be helpful for its design and operation.

Bioreactors↗
PubMed1980

Imogene King's conceptual framework: a proposed model for continuing nursing education.

This paper presents a proposed model for continuing nursing education based on Imogene King's conceptual framework. The rationale for using King's conceptual framework as the foundation underlying this proposed model is three-fold: the concepts--social systems, health, perception, and interpersonal relationships--are relevant in every nursing situation; the interacting levels of operation--individuals, groups, and society--depict a reciprocal relationship between human behaviour and the environment; and the triad of elements--continuing nursing education, nursing practice, and nursing research--are interrelated in the nursing profession. The authors contend that this approach to continuing nursing education is beneficial to participating nurses, the health care consumer, and to the advancement of the nursing profession. Based on its simplicity and flexibility, the proposed intra-systems model described in this article is useful as a systematic guide for continuing nursing education. The authors believe that this proposed model provides an approach for stimulating continued learning, for establishing innovative foundations for nursing practice, and for generating inquiry through research. Utilizing this approach in maintaining the educational standards for professional practice will promote change for the advancement of the nursing profession.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2000

Achieving clinical governance in Women's Services through the use of the EFQM Excellence Model.

Following a brief explanation of the concepts inherent within the European Foundation for Quality Management Excellence Model, the experience of using the framework as a mechanism for delivering clinical governance is described. The framework was utilised by a Women's Services Directorate of an acute National Health Service Trust in the UK, who concluded that the Model was an ideal tool for supporting the delivery of clinical governance. However, this was only the case when a number of factors were taken into consideration. For instance, the Directorate found that the change programme required a phased implementation process, sound leadership, expert facilitation, good information systems, numerous training and development opportunities for managers, teamwork and the application of best practice in relation to project improvement teams. Moreover, the absence of all the aforementioned ingredients had the potential to compromise any successful outcome.

Female↗
PubMed2003

In silico modeling of asthma.

The incidence of asthma is increasing throughout the world, especially among children, to the extent that it has become a medical issue of serious global concern. Appropriately, numerous pharmacologic drugs and clinical protocols for the treatment and prophylaxis of the disease have been reported. From a scientific perspective, a review of the literature suggests that the targeted delivery of an aerosol would, in a real sense, enhance the efficacy of an inhaled medicine. Therefore, in accordance with published data we have developed a mathematical description of disease-induced effects of disease on airway morphology. A morphological algorithm defining the heterogeneity of asthma has been integrated with a computer code that formulates the behavior and fate of inhaled drugs. In this work, predicted drug particle deposition patterns have been compared with SPECT images from experiments with healthy human subjects (controls) and asthmatic patients. The asthma drug delivery model simulations agree with observations from human testing. The results indicate that in silico modeling provides a technical foundation for addressing effects of disease on the administration of aerosolized drugs, and suggest that modeling should be used in a complementary manner with future inhalation therapy protocols.

Administration, Inhalation↗