Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Foot Rot”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Failure to eradicate ovine footrot associated with Dichelobacter nodosus strain A198 by repeated daily footbathing in zinc sulphate with surfactant.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of repeated daily footbathing in zinc sulphate on virulent ovine footrot associated with S1, U1 and U5 zymogram types of Dichelobacter nodosus, including the highly virulent S1 strain A198. DESIGN: A field trial with experimentally infected sheep. PROCEDURE: At week 0, 50 sheep were infected with D. nodosus strains A198 (S1), C305 (U1), BC3993 (U5) and BC3995 (U5). At weeks 1 and 47, respectively, 169 and 235 uninfected sheep were added. At week 60, sheep were allocated to control and treatment groups each containing 220 sheep. Every 2 or 4 weeks to week 113, feet were inspected, and lesions were scored and sampled. Treatment sheep were footbathed in 15 to 18% (w/v) zinc sulphate with surfactant for 5 consecutive days (10 min per day) during week 61. During week 110, the footbathing protocol was applied again, this time to all surviving treatment and control sheep. RESULTS: BC3993 and A198 were isolated from 57% (162 of 285) and 20% (58 of 285), respectively, of new lesions sampled between weeks 3 and 13, and 21% (57 of 271) and 50% (136 of 271) between weeks 49 and 59. Percentages of new lesions associated with C305 and BC3995 remained constant. During the initial 17 weeks after footbathing at week 61, 90% (75 of 83) and 19% (95 of 490) of lesions in treatment and control sheep, respectively, were score 4 or 5, and 94% (47 of 50) and 38% (33 of 87) of those were associated with A198. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated daily footbathing did not eradicate virulent ovine footrot because strain A198 produced deep, covert lesions that facilitated the survival of D. nodosus.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2003

Eradication of footrot of lesser clinical severity (intermediate footrot).

OBJECTIVE: To determine if intermediate footrot (IFR) can be eradicated from a flock of sheep by inspection and culling of cases during a non-transmission period and if prior antibiotic treatment or vaccination increases the likelihood of eradication. PROCEDURE: A replicated field experiment that compared the three eradication strategies was followed by an observational study of the best of these applied in a commercial flock of 3000 sheep. RESULTS: In the replicated experiment, IFR was eradicated either by inspection and culling alone, or when combined with vaccination. Eradication failed when the sheep were treated with parenteral antibiotics before inspection and culling during the non-transmission period. In the whole-flock program, eradication by repeated inspection and culling of footrot cases during the non-transmission period was successful and the flock remained free of infection 3 years later. CONCLUSIONS: IFR can be eradicated by inspection and culling but latent infections, which may persist undetected for at least 34 weeks, require surveillance inspections to be repeated during the non-transmission phase of the program. The use of parenteral antibiotics as an aid to the eradication of IFR is contraindicated.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2003

Effect of climatic region on the clinical expression of footrot of lesser clinical severity (intermediate footrot) in sheep.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the clinical classification of intermediate footrot (IFR) is changed to virulent footrot (VFR) by a transfer of the infected flock to a region where climatic conditions are more favourable for the transmission of the disease. DESIGN: Clinical examination of two groups of Merino wethers infected with IFR; one group of 309 in a region considered less favourable for footrot and another group of 343 at a second site considered more favourable. PROCEDURES: After characterising the form of footrot at the first site, infection was established at the second site by mixing 142 wethers from the first site with 201 unrelated wethers considered to be free of IFR and VFR. Observations of clinical characteristics were made over a 16 month period during which an outbreak of footrot occurred. Clinical assessments were made by inspecting every foot of every sheep at regular intervals and allocating a footscore. Evidence that the same clonal lines of D. nodosus were responsible for the footrot at both sites was provided by serotyping of isolates and using omp gene RFLP as a molecular epidemiological tool. RESULTS: The disease at the first site was classified as IFR because 7% of the sheep developed a maximum footscore (MFS) of 4, the most severe category, despite relatively low rates of transmission. When the outbreak occurred at the second site, which was more suitable for footrot transmission, the maximum proportion of the flock that developed a MFS of 4 was 3.6%, confirming the initial classification of IFR. CONCLUSIONS: When a flock infected with IFR was moved to a region where climatic conditions were more favourable for footrot transmission, the clinical classification of the disease remained the same in both the original flock and in sheep exposed to the infection for the first time.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Expression of pili from Bacteroides nodosus in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The pili of Bacteroides nodosus, the causative agent of ovine footrot, constitute the major host-protective immunogen against homologous serotypic challenge. The pilin gene from B. nodosus 198 has been cloned and morphologically expressed as extracellular pili in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using a plasmid-borne, thermoregulated expression system. B. nodosus pilin could not be detected in cultures of P. aeruginosa grown at 32 degrees C, but after induction at 37 degrees C, B. nodosus pili were expressed on the cell surface of P. aeruginosa to the virtual exclusion of the host cell pili. Pili harvested from induced P. aeruginosa cultures were used to immunize sheep against footrot. The serum agglutinating antibody titers of vaccinated sheep were comparable to those of sheep receiving pili from B. nodosus. Subsequent challenge of the sheep with B. nodosus 198 indicated that the recombinant- DNA-derived pili vaccine and the B. nodosus pili vaccine provided similar levels of protection against footrot.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the constant and variable regions of the Bacteroides nodosus fimbrial gene.

Serogrouping of Bacteroides nodosus is based on antigenic differences in fimbriae of the different New Zealand prototype strains. Because of the time needed to isolate and grow pure cultures of B. nodosus and the difficulty in distinguishing between different serogroups because of cross-agglutination, a new DNA-based diagnostic approach based on the fimbrial gene sequence of B. nodosus was developed. Published nucleotide sequences of the fimbrial genes for serogroups A, G, D, and H showed conservation at the 5' end, coding for the N terminus, and variability at the 3' end, coding for the C terminus. The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify both the constant and variable regions of the fimbrial genes. Constant-region oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify a 100-base-pair fragment from the constant regions of the fimbrial genes of 10 New Zealand serogroups. Serogroup-specific oligonucleotide primers for serogroups A and H allowed amplification of a 282-base-pair fragment from serogroup A and a 363-base-pair fragment from serogroup H. Thus, amplification of the constant and variable regions of the fimbrial gene allows rapid detection and grouping of B. nodosus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Effects of chronic lameness on the concentrations of cortisol, prolactin and vasopressin in the plasma of sheep.

Plasma cortisol, prolactin and vasopressin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in blood samples from control and lame sheep. The lame sheep were all suffering from naturally occurring clinical cases of footrot and showed all the behavioural characteristics of chronic pain; they were scored for impairment of gait and pathology of the foot and divided into mild and severely lame groups. The severely lame sheep had increased plasma prolactin and decreased plasma cortisol concentrations. Plasma vasopressin was variable and showed no consistent changes with lameness. The relationships between plasma cortisol, prolactin and vasopressin may be a useful index in the assessment of animals experiencing chronic pain, when taken in conjunction with other measurements.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Eradication of virulent footrot from sheep and goats in an endemic area of Nepal and an evaluation of specific vaccination.

Programmes based on the identification and treatment of cases and the culling of animals refractory to treatment had failed to eradicate virulent footrot from two districts in the western region of Nepal. From 1993 to 1996 vaccination against two endemic virulent strains of Dichelobacter nodosus was tested for its potential to contribute to the eradication of footrot from the region. Only sheep and goats which had been free of signs of footrot at three inspections at monthly intervals before their annual migration to alpine pastures were eligible for inclusion. From November 1992, the treatment of cases identified during inspections included the injection of specific vaccine. Successfully treated cases migrated with their flocks but were excluded from the vaccine trial. Non-responding cases were culled. Forty combined flocks of sheep and goats (approximately 9500 animals) were used initially to compare three vaccination regimens. Eleven flocks (sheep and goats) were treated with two doses of specific vaccine (group A), nine (sheep and goats) were treated with commercial vaccine followed by specific vaccine (group B) and 10 (sheep and goats) were treated with two doses of commercial vaccine (group C) in March to April 1993 before the annual migration; 10 flocks (sheep and goats) remained unvaccinated (group D). Only sheep and goats free of signs of footrot were allowed to migrate. Nevertheless, virulent footrot recurred in many flocks three months later. However, its prevalence was significantly lower in group A than in the other three groups combined. Groups A, B and C then received the specific vaccine before their migrations in 1994 to 1996; group D remained unvaccinated. The annual programme of inspection and identification and treatment of cases continued for seven years, but the vaccinations ceased after four years. There was no recurrence of virulent footrot after November 1993. After the first season the virulent strains of D nodosus used in the specific vaccine could no longer be isolated, although antigenically distinct, benign strains of the organism persisted in cases of benign footrot.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Risk factors associated with the prevalence of footrot in sheep from 1999 to 2000.

A postal survey of the techniques being used for the treatment and control of footrot in sheep flocks between November 1999 and October 2000 was conducted in England and Wales in November 2000. Of the 392 questionnaires circulated, 251 (64 per cent) were returned, and 209 of these were usable. Negative binomial regression analysis indicated that the isolation of bought-in sheep, and the separation and individual treatment of diseased sheep with parenteral antibiotics, foot trimming and topical foot sprays were associated with a significantly lower prevalence of footrot in a flock. In contrast, ewe flocks which were routinely foot trimmed more than once a year had a significantly higher prevalence of footrot. No evidence was found that footbathing a flock reduced the level of footrot, except on the 14 per cent of farms where the penning and race facilities for footbathing were reported by the farmer to be excellent. Vaccination had no significant beneficial effect on the level of footrot in a flock

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2004

Risk factors associated with the prevalence of interdigital dermatitis in sheep from 1999 to 2000.

As part of an investigation into improving the treatment and control of lameness in sheep flocks in England and Wales, a postal survey was conducted in November 2000. Farmers were asked to estimate the prevalence of footrot and interdigital dermatitis in their flocks. In the ewes the prevalence of interdigital dermatitis remained relatively stable throughout the year, but there was a large increase in lambs during late spring and early summer. Logistic regression models were used to assess statistically significant risk factors associated with prevalences of the condition of 5 per cent or more in ewes and 10 per cent or more in lambs. Factors that increased the risk in ewes were 'sometimes/never' catching lame sheep compared with 'always' farm land 100 m or less above sea level and renting-in winter grazing; factors that increased the risk in lambs were a prevalence of 5 per cent or more of footrot in ewes, 'sometimes/never' catching lame ewes compared with 'always', 'sometimes/never' treating ewes with footrot with parenteral antibiotics compared with 'always', showing sheep at agricultural events, farm land 100 m or less above sea level, and a prevalence of 5 per cent or more of interdigital dermatitis in ewes. Turning sheep on to a field which had been free from livestock for at least two weeks after footbathing decreased the risk of interdigital dermatitis in lambs. Footbathing without the use of a clean field compared with not footbathing did not significantly affect the prevalence of the interdigital dermatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Footrot and interdigital dermatitis in sheep: farmers' practices, opinions and attitudes.

In 1999, a study was initiated to improve the treatment and control of footrot and interdigital dermatitis in sheep flocks in England and Wales. In November 2000, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in which 392 sheep farmers were asked to estimate the prevalence of footrot and interdigital dermatitis in their flock in the previous 12 months, whether they considered these diseases to be a problem, how they treated and controlled them and their opinion on the success of the treatment and control measures that they used; 209 of them provided usable responses. The farmers tended to be more concerned as the prevalence of the diseases increased; 91 per cent of the farmers with a prevalence of footrot of less than 5 per cent considered it a small or very small problem on their farm, but 51 per cent of the farmers with a prevalence of 5 per cent or more also considered it to be a small or very small problem. Approximately 60 per cent of the farmers who used parenteral antibiotics considered that they were good or excellent at treating footrot, and this treatment was associated with a prevalence of less than 5 per cent. A similar proportion of farmers also considered topical foot sprays and footbathing to be good or excellent for controlling footrot or interdigital dermatitis, but these treatments were not associated with a lower prevalence of footrot or interdigital dermatitis. Of the 29 farmers who used a footrot vaccine, 20 (69 per cent) considered it good to excellent and this was associated with a prevalence of footrot of less than 5 per cent in their flock; however, vaccination was not associated with lower levels of footrot across the whole sample. Farmers spent approximately 34 minutes per sheep per year treating and controlling footrot; 31 per cent were prepared to spend more money and more time to manage footrot, 27 per cent were prepared to spend more time, 19 per cent were prepared to spend more money and 23 per cent were not prepared to do either. The farmers who were willing to invest more money or more money and time had a higher prevalence of footrot.

Animal Husbandry↗