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PubMed1955

Serological studies of yaws in Thailand.

The serological aspects of anti-yaws campaigns are discussed. Serological reactions in untreated yaws are considered according to each type of lesion and by age-groups; the serological pattern in types I and II show much similarity in that the majority of cases fall in the high titre levels while with types IV and V there appears to be a more even distribution of cases at all titre levels. A uniform serological response is seen in the early lesions for all age-groups and this is also true of hyperkeratosis cases. There are more type IV cases among the younger age-groups showing high titres, while in the older groups there is an upward trend towards the negative side. Type V also shows a regressive serology.The serological response to treatment with penicillin in three different schedules (4 ml x 2, 2 ml x 2, and a single injection of 4 ml) is then compared. There was no marked difference between the response at the end of one year with all three schedules; with a larger amount of material, however, it is likely that the 2 ml x 2 dosage would be seen to be less effective than the other two schedules. Serological response to treatment with any schedule would be governed by the number of cases having a high initial titre among the group under consideration. The decrease in titre, after being comparatively rapid in the first six months after treatment, is slow, and reversal to seronegativity at the end of a year occurs only in a small number of cases.The role of mass serological examinations in large-scale campaigns is considered. While the serological approach is shown to be the only scientific one, the impracticability of mass serological investigation is brought out. It is stressed, however, that in a mass campaign a serological service is essential for pilot studies, orientation of incidence of latent yaws, check on diagnosis, and assessment of dosage and of the necessity for re-treatment.The possible reasons for prozone phenomena in slide flocculation tests are discussed. The presence of reagin-like substances of extraneous origin to treponemal infection, as well as of reagin, in yaws patients may be responsible for some of these phenomena.

Humans↗

PubMed1961

The Third International Reference Preparation of Egg Lecithin.

The Third International Reference Preparation of Egg Lecithin was produced (in a quantity of 5000 ml) at the WHO Serological Reference Centre, Copenhagen, and assayed in 1958 against the Second International Reference Preparation by four laboratories in three countries. Complement-fixation and slide-flocculation tests were used. The new preparation was found acceptable, and its establishment was authorized by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization.The average log(10) titres and results of analyses of variances are shown. The variances were of the usual order of magnitude, and the differences in titre between antigens containing the Second and the Third International Reference Preparations varied from -0.011 to 0.116; only one of the differences exceeded the 5% limit of significance.The use of the Third International Reference Preparation in tests for the acceptability of lecithin preparations is described.

Biological Assay↗

PubMed1992

[Transverse myelopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus associated with positive anticardiolipin antibody--a case report].

A 52-year-old woman who developed acute transverse myelopathy following systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was reported. At the age of 46, she was diagnosed as having atypical psychosis. Neurological examination revealed mild depressive state, paraparesis, diffuse hyperreflexia, hypesthesia below the breasts, and urinary disturbance. Gait was slightly ataxic and Romberg sign was positive. Laboratory study disclosed lymphocytopenia, positive antinuclear antigen, false positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratories flocculation test and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time. IgG anticardiolipin antibody (aCLA) was positive, whereas IgM aCLA was negative. Cerebrospinal fluid was normal except the elevation of %IgG. Nerve conduction studies were normal and no abnormality was detected in the brain and spinal cord by MRI and CT. We treated her by two series of steroid pulse therapy, which resulted in marked improvement of symptoms and disappearance of aCLA. Before and after the pulse therapy, symptoms were fluctuated in parallel with the levels of aCLA. These findings suggest the relation of aCLA to the transverse myelopathy in SLE. This is the first case report of a good prognosis of myelopathy in a SLE patient who was treated by steroid pulse therapy with the aim of disappearance of aCLA.

Antibodies, Anticardiolipin↗

PubMed1991

[The treatment of primary biliary liver cirrhosis with ursodeoxycholic acid (preliminary report)].

Seven women, mean age 47.7 years, with primary biliary cirrhosis (6 patients in the II-III stage and I patient in IV stage of the disease) were treated in the course of 16 months with ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursofalk) 500 mg daily. At the end of the 3-d month of treatment the itching had passed in 3 of the patients and in the remaining 4 patients it had substantially decreased. In all patients the subjective complaints, dyspeptic syndrome, appetite and sleep improved. The serum concentrations of bilirubin, copper and cholesterol started to decrease and the serum activity of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase, ALAT and ASAT also decreased. In one patient the treatment was discontinued in the 6-th month because of allergic reaction. After 16 month treatment in the 6 patients who completed the treatment the itching passed and the working capacity improved. The serum concentrations of bilirubin, cholesterol, copper and IgG significantly fell (p less than 0.01), the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, ALAT and ASAT fell near the upper normal range. The hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, McLagan's flocculation test, serum concentration of IgM and the titer of the specific antimitochondrial antibodies (M2) did not change in spite of the treatment. The results show the ursodeoxycholic acid as a perspective therapeutic means for primary biliary cirrhosis which lowers or overcomes the syndrome of intrahepatic cholestasis and limits the activity of the cirrhotic process in the liver. Ursodeoxycholic acid is well tolerated.

Cholestasis, Intrahepatic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Extraction of the soluble protein fraction from Treponema Reiter for use as antigen in syphilis serodiagnosis].

The present paper reports on two methods for extraction of the protein antigen from Treponema Reiter and shows the chemical and immunochemical characteristics of the extracts. Serologic testing of 1810 sera from syphilitic patients in various stages of the disease, from healthy subjects and from subjects with a false positive reaction to lipoid antigens, showed the value of the Reiter antigen to be equal to the cardiolipin antigens and those prepared from pathogenic Treponema. It is recommended to associate this antigen, in view of its qualities, to the cardiolipin tests used in the serodiagnosis of syphilis, especially in the laboratories that do not currently apply other treponema tests.

Antigens↗

PubMed1987

[Case report of Gaucher's disease].

The case of a 42 years old man suffering from Gaucher's disease is reported. The primary diagnosis was liver cirrhosis based on echographic and scintigraphic examinations. The following signs were found: thrombocytopenia, slight hemolysis, shortened life of the erythrocytes with considerable sequestration in the spleen, abnormal flocculation tests, increased acid phosphatase. The X-ray examination revealed irregularly oval light spots with different size and form and well cut outlines in the skull and a zone of bone resorption in the right shoulder joint. The liver needle biopsy showed parenchymal infiltration with Gaucher's cells. The above mentioned deviations and the family heredity of the patients suggested the diagnosis of an adult form of Gaucher's disease. The fibroplastic changes in the liver including formation of septa led to the suggestion of a link between Gaucher's disease and liver cirrhosis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied