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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The policies of organ transplantation in Europe: issues and problems.

Transplantation has evolved from an experiment to a routinely performed procedure for a widening range of organs. Transplantation in Europe is dominated by the scarcity of organs from deceased donors leading to problems of selection criteria for recipients, of legal protection for donors and of the empowerment of agencies for allocative decisions. Although public involvement is very emotional, there has been a benign neglect in several European countries by policy makers, accepting implicitly organ transplantation leading to a variety of programs for diffusion, organization, and financing of transplantation. Non-transplanting hospitals play a key role in organ procurement and transplant centers are increasingly subject to quality assessment, whereby the issue of the relation between improved outcome at higher volumes comes to the forefront. International cooperation is critical for the development of effective transplant programs in Europe.

Europe↗
PubMed1998

Defining teaching hospitals' GME strategy in response to new financial and market challenges.

The authors present an overview of current graduate medical education (GME) issues, particularly the financial challenges to teaching hospitals resulting from the Balanced Budget and Tax Payer Relief Acts of 1997 and other recent market-driven factors. They describe in detail the nature of Medicare GME payments before and after the 1997 legislation, with specific examples, and explain the negative financial impact of the legislation and aspects of the legislation that are designed to alleviate that impact. Other factors influencing GME program size and composition are also discussed, including oversupplies or shortages of physicians, the concern that teaching hospitals are using public funds to train international medical graduates, changing training requirements, etc. The authors also describe a recent consulting assignment during which they assisted a major teaching hospital to develop a GME strategy that was responsive to the organization's mission and patients and that took into account future GME financing challenges. Detailed explanations are given of how the consultants analyzed the hospital's GME programs and finances, developed and ranked key institution-specific program criteria (strategic, organizational and operational, and financial), and, in consultation with all key stakeholders, formulated a GME strategy specific to the institution's needs. The authors conclude by cautioning that each institution's GME strategy will be different, but that it is important for institutions to develop such strategies to better face future challenges.

Budgets↗
PubMed1997

European solutions to home care challenges.

Countries all over the world are facing an increasing demand for home care services. Home Care in Europe: A Country-Specific Guide to Its Organization and Financing assesses European countries' home care in terms of funding, staffing, and organization and covers both home nursing and home helps and how the two work together to provide home care in Europe.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

The University Health Policy Consortium's Center for Health Policy Analysis and Research.

In 1978, the University Health Policy Consortium, composed of Boston University, Brandeis University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, established the Center for Health Policy Analysis and Research for the purpose of conducting relevant policy analyses and short-term research projects for the Health Care Financing Administration. The center has completed more than fifty analytical works since its inception and concentrates its research in three major health care areas: the financing and organization of long-term care, medical care quality, and acute care financing. The flexibility of the Center's organizational structure allows the staff of the three cooperating universities to pursue new topics while maintaining an interdisciplinary approach to emerging public policy problems.

Health Policy↗
PubMed1995

[Ambulatory rehabilitation after myocardial infarct in Austria].

Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction has a positive effect on the patient's quality of life and on the prognosis of the disease as well. The cost-saving effect is of importance from the socioeconomical viewpoint. A measurable benefit of such rehabilitation programs can only be achieved by long-term comprehensive care, however. Therefore a hospital rehabilitation program should be followed by regular participation in a long-term community rehabilitation program. The network of cardiac rehabilitation centres in Austria is highly developed and consequently it is possible for every insured patient to be placed for inpatient follow-up therapy on recovering from myocardial infarction. On the other hand, the long-term community cardiac rehabilitation programs are organized only on a sketchy and small scale. A survey amongst patients after myocardial infarction carried out all over Austria showed that 700 patients are currently being treated in 56 community programs. The sponsorship varies a lot. A majority of these groups is organized and financed by the patients themselves. The medical and physiotherapeutic services are mainly organized by the patients as well. They are only partly trained for their task. The care programs take place on a regular basis and the provided services appear adequate, some groups excepted. Medical follow-up examinations to evaluate progress hardly exist. Therefore, quality control of the work in the community programs is not possible at the moment in Austria. A well-organized community care rehabilitation program covering the whole region exists only in Vorarlberg. This program mainly follows the "Feldkircher Modell". The results of this study indicate the urgent necessity to establish additional community care programs for outpatient cardiac rehabilitation in Austria. Furthermore, a common register of the groups, a common organisational model and sponsorship, as well as quality control based on regular medical examination of the patients are essential requirements. A constant exchange of experience with the inpatient rehabilitation centres is to be recommended as well.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1999

A framework for developing evaluation capacity in health care settings.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for developing an effective evaluation practice within health care settings. Three features are reviewed; capacity building, the application of evaluation to program activities and the utilization of evaluation recommendations. First, the organizational elements required to establish effective evaluation practice are reviewed emphasizing that an organization's capacity for evaluation develops over time and in stages. Second, a comprehensive evaluation framework is presented which demonstrates how evaluation practice can be applied to all aspects of a program's life cycle, thus promoting the scope of evidence-based decision making within an organization. Finally, factors which influence the adoption of evaluation recommendations by decision makers are reviewed accompanied by strategies to promote the utilization of evaluation recommendations in organization decision making.

Canada↗
PubMed1996

Strategic philanthropy: an opportunity for partnership between corporations and health/human service agencies.

The study is a national survey of corporate philanthropy programs. The original problem underlying the study is the long-term decline in the percentage of total corporate contributions to health and human services. A questionnaire, mailed in May of 1993, was used to investigate the impact of strategic philanthropy on the relationship between corporations and health/human service organizations. Corporations strategically prioritizing their philanthropic support were expected to create new opportunities for partnerships between business and health/human service agencies. The survey resulted in a sample of 226 corporations. The results showed statistically significant support for the hypothesis that highly strategic philanthropy programs will be more likely to enter into a health/human service partnership than less strategic programs. The multiple regression analysis method was used to control for the effects of corporate size, industry type, the (corporate) contributions management organization, and United Way credibility. Based upon the results of the study, United Way is recommended to consider new roles for itself as a facilitator of partnerships between business and health/human service organizations.

Altruism↗
PubMed1993

EUROHEALTH Programme.

The countries of central and eastern Europe (CCEE) and the newly independent states (NIS) of the former USSR are undergoing rapid and profound change, and assistance from the international community has lacked a common focus. In late 1990, the WHO Regional Committee for Europe created the EUROHEALTH programme to try to meet the urgent and medium-term needs of the CCEE/NIS for technical, managerial and material resources within the framework of the long-term regional strategy for health for all. The programme's strategy includes making collaborative agreements with each of the CCEE/NIS, raising funds and coordinating tripartite assistance with a wide variety of international organizations. The Regional Office for Europe has changed to support the EUROHEALTH programme by establishing a Country Health Development department, and an information clearing-house to track assistance to the NIS so it can be provided more efficiently. The programme's work has created a flow of information and better coordination of cooperation between all the organizations working in the health sector in the CCEE/NIS. The most important EUROHEALTH activities in 1992-1993 have focused on: relieving shortages of vaccines and medical equipment, developing health policy and developing programmes on such issues as health service reform, human resources, noncommunicable diseases, maternal and child health, AIDS and environment and health. The EUROHEALTH programme is a pragmatic and highly appropriate approach to the CCEE/NIS; its main need is for more funding to enable it to meet countries' needs more precisely and to cooperate more effectively with other organizations.

Europe↗