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Results for “Family Planning Program Evaluation”

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PubMed1978

Brief reports decline of Down's syndrome after abortion reform in New York State.

Incidence rates derived from prospective studies of 120,000 newborns were applied to live births and induced abortions in order to estimate the trend of Down's syndrome in New York State after liberalization of the abortion law in 1970. Women aged 35 years of older, at higher risk of Down's syndrome births, sought terminations of their pregnancies more frequently than did younger women. The estimated number of newborns with Down's syndrome in the state declined 20 percent from 1971 to 1975. In New York City, more pregnancies in the high-risk age range were aborted than were carried to term. These trends indicate that abortion reform may have made a significant contribution to the reduction of severe mental retardation.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

Teenage conception and contraception in the English regions.

Nationally available data on teenage fertility, family planning care and mortality were analysed to determine the relationship between teenage conception, availability of abortion and family planning care, and an indicator of socioeconomic disadvantage--the Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR). In the 14 regions of England the strongest correlate of teenage conception and of the proportion of teenage conceptions aborted was female all-causes SMR. High levels of provision of NHS abortion services and uptake of family planning clinic care did not significantly reduce teenage fertility. Provision of traditional family planning services obviously plays an important role in preventing teenage pregnancy, but innovation in this service coupled with a concerted effort to reduce social disadvantage might have a greater impact on teenage fertility in England.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1991

The establishment of a centralised referral service leads to earlier abortion.

In 1988 a centralised referral service for termination of pregnancy was established in Edinburgh. This has led to a significant reduction in the time women who have requested termination wait to see a gynaecologist (mean 4.7 days) and in the time it takes before suction termination of pregnancy is undertaken (total wait 10.2 days). In 1988 only 40% of induced abortions in Edinburgh were carried out at 9 weeks gestation or before while in 1989 that figure had risen to 60%. In 1989 less than 10% of pregnancies were terminated at or after 12 weeks gestation, compared with 21% in 1988. Reasons for delays in obtaining an abortion are multifactorial but rapid referral once a woman has made the decision to seek help will be essential if she is to avail herself of the advantages of medical termination--only available until eight weeks of pregnancy.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family planning operations research in Africa: reviewing a decade of experience.

Between 1979 and 1990, Columbia University conducted 26 family planning operations research (OR) projects in 13 sub-Saharan African countries. Most of these projects were implemented in settings where family planning service delivery had not yet been initiated or was new and poorly developed. In keeping with program needs in the early stages of development, the majority of the OR projects were based on demonstration or diagnostic designs. Only four of the 23 projects were comparative or quasi-experimental in design. Projects demonstrated the growing demand for family planning, and the feasibility and acceptability of a range of service delivery models. Sixteen of the projects have been sustained or replicated by national or local governments and institutions following the initial OR phase, replication of two others is planned, and another four resulted in policy formulation or improvements in existing national programs. OR in Africa played an important role in generating political and medical support for contraceptive services, and served to improve project management. OR proved more useful in the implementation and strengthening of individual programs than in generating universal lessons regarding service delivery. In order to maximize OR's utility in Africa, simple research designs and methods should be adopted.

Africa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What's wrong with CYP?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Family Planning Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Barriers to family planning services among patients in drug treatment programs.

In July 1989, family planning services were integrated into 13 drug treatment programs in Philadelphia. To obtain information on the family planning needs of women in drug treatment programs, baseline interviews were conducted with 599 women. Three-quarters of these women had had a sexually transmitted disease, and although they were in a drug treatment program, 41 percent had injected drugs in the previous month. In addition, 62 percent of the women who were sexually active in the previous month had not used a contraceptive. Twelve months into the program, seven focus groups were conducted with 65 women and men to learn more about their opinions and attitudes related to contraceptives and family planning services in general. The discussions revealed that many of the participants were unsure what family planning services included, saw no need for such services or had had prior negative experiences with health care providers. There was also a great deal of misinformation about contraceptives and the effects they have on health.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does choice make a difference to contraceptive use? Evidence from east Java.

This study investigates sustained use of contraceptives among women in East Java, Indonesia. Interest is focused on the effect of whether the client's choice of contraceptive method was granted or denied, and the interaction between whether choice was granted or denied and husband-wife concurrence concerning method choice. Data were collected twice in a panel survey. The first round was conducted in family planning clinics among women initiating contraceptive use; the second was a follow-up household survey carried out 12 months later. Whether the user was granted her choice of method was found to be a very important determinant of sustained use of contraceptives. The interaction between whether choice was granted and whether there was husband-wife concurrence on method choice was also important. The highest rate of discontinuation occurred when method choice was denied in the presence of husband-wife agreement on method choice, and the lowest rate occurred when method choice was granted in the presence of such concurrence. The results imply that contraceptive continuation can be enhanced either when family planning workers pay more attention to the stated desires of their clients, or when policy is instituted allowing clients to use their method of choice.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The demographic impact of family planning programs.

In response to concerns about the adverse consequences of rapid population growth, family planning programs have been implemented in many developing countries. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of this programmatic approach on long-range population growth. The result of a new and hypothetical population projection indicates that in the absence of family planning programs the population of the developing world could be expected to reach 14.6 billion in the year 2100 instead of the 10 billion that is currently projected by the World Bank. Despite the apparent success of existing interventions, fertility control is far from complete, as many women continue to bear unwanted births. To assess the impact of this unintended childbearing a second hypothetical projection is made. With perfect implementation of reproductive preferences, the population size of the developing world in 2100 would be reduced by an estimated 2.2 billion below the current projection. Further strengthening of family planning programs and improvements in birth control technology are therefore likely to provide important demographic benefits.

Contraception Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessing the acceptability of NORPLANT implants in four countries: findings from focus group research.

In 1986-87, a qualitative research project was conducted in the Dominican Republic, Egypt, Indonesia, and Thailand to expand understanding of the acceptability of NORPLANT contraceptive implants beyond inferences made on the basis of continuation rates. In each of the four study sites, focus group discussions or in-depth interviews were held with potential acceptors, current NORPLANT users, discontinuers, husbands of women in these three groups, and service providers. Nonclinical participants generally had little formal education and lived primarily in urban or semi-urban areas where NORPLANT has been available for at least five years. The study focused on attitudes, perceptions, and experiences of each group regarding NORPLANT implants. Results suggest that factors having an impact on the acceptability of NORPLANT implants fall into three general categories: medical/technical, cultural/religious, and informational/educational. This article discusses each of these categories, including programmatic implications of the findings, and puts forward recommendations for enhancing NORPLANT introduction efforts on the basis of these findings.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal mortality in Matlab, Bangladesh: 1976-85.

This paper reports findings from a study of maternal mortality in Matlab, Bangladesh during the 1976-85 period. The study employed a multiple-step procedure to identify maternity-related deaths to all reproductive-aged women within the study area during this period. A total of 387 maternal deaths were identified, resulting in an overall maternal mortality ratio of 5.5 per 1,000 live births. The introduction of a family planning program in half of the Matlab study area led to a moderate but significant reduction in maternal mortality rates, relative to the comparison area. This appears to have been primarily due to a reduction in the overall number of pregnancies in the treatment area, since among women who became pregnant, mortality risks remained high. The results of this study underscore the need for a broad-based service strategy that includes but is not limited solely to family planning, in order to achieve significant reductions in maternal mortality levels in settings such as rural Bangladesh.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex education and family planning services for young adults: alternative urban strategies in Mexico.

In Mexico, youth face difficulties in obtaining reliable information on sex education and family planning through existing community programs. Two alternative strategies to provide these services are being tested in poor urban areas of Monterrey. In one experimental area, Integrated Youth Centers were established, which provide sex education and family planning services as well as counseling, academic tutoring, and recreational activities. In another area, trained young adults and community counselors work through informal networks to provide sex education and family planning information. Both utilization and the cost of these services are examined in the context of plans for expanding coverage in Mexico-U.S. border areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of contraceptive acceptors in Lusaka, Zambia.

This paper reports on a study conducted in Lusaka, Zambia in which 2,912 client records were examined in 22 randomly selected clinics throughout Lusaka Province. The purpose of the study was to assist the government and the local family planning association in targeting future efforts to extend services to underserved populations. Among newly enrolled acceptors in 1984, the study revealed a surprisingly low median age of 24 and a median parity of 3. The majority were married, had some secondary education, were unemployed housewives, and were breastfeeding at the time of the first visit. Nearly half had used contraceptives before. Over three-fourths of the clients received contraceptive pills when they enrolled. They returned to the clinic an average of 2.4 times during the first year, but only 24 percent were still active after 12 months. The availability of recently released census data allowed a comparison of contraceptive acceptors with women in the general Lusaka population. Data from urban clinics and smaller clinics in rural parts of the province revealed few significant rural-urban differences. Finally, the study examined trends in age, parity, and education of contraceptive users over a ten-year period.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Client relations in South Asia: programmatic and societal determinants.

Client relations constitute a neglected area of research in family planning. Findings from studies in northern India and Bangladesh reveal considerable variation in both the quantity and quality of contacts in programs that function under roughly comparable socioeconomic conditions. Client relations are determined by a complex set of forces in which both programmatic factors and conditions pertaining to the societal environment play a key role. Worker-client exchanges have a net, incremental effect on contraceptive use.

Bangladesh↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening for sexually transmitted diseases by family planning providers: is it adequate and appropriate?

Of more than 3,000 women interviewed in the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) who had made at least one family planning visit in the 12 months preceding the interview, 50 percent report that they were tested for a sexually transmitted infection. Black women are far more likely to have been screened than are white women (67 percent compared with 47 percent); moreover, a racial differential is seen in every subgroup examined. There is also a large difference in the proportion screened according to the woman's source of family planning care: Those who attended a clinic are much more likely to have been screened than are women who saw a private doctor (62 percent and 43 percent, respectively). As with the race differential, this relationship persists after other variables are controlled for. In addition, women who live in the South are more likely to have been screened than are residents of other regions (58 percent compared with 46 percent). Differences by metropolitan and non-metropolitan area of residence are small and are not statistically significant. Differences by marital status and age at first intercourse appeared statistically significant in preliminary analyses, but when controls for other factors were introduced, these differences became nonsignificant. Since many characteristics that are believed to be important risk markers for sexually transmitted infections are also predictors of whether a woman will be screened for such infections, current screening practices appear, in general, to target the appropriate groups.

Adolescent↗