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At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Urinary excretion of theobromine in horses given contaminated pelleted food.

A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for measuring the theobromine content in cocoa husks, pelleted food and horse urine is described. Starting with 2 ml of urine, concentrations of 500 ng/ml could easily be detected. When feed containing 38.4 mg of theobromine was given twice daily to horses for 2 1/2 days, two days were needed after the last intake before the theobromine concentrations fell below the threshold value of 2 micrograms/ml. The time at which the peak excretion rate occurred varied from 2 to 12 h after the last administration, while the excretion rate seemed to be dependent on the urinary flow. Theobromine could not be detected in plasma after administration in this way.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2003

RAPD markers system as a useful tool for rapid identification of the origin of lizard contaminants in food.

In food poisoning, detection of the nature of causative agent is important for management of trauma and forensic investigation. Most of the methods in clinical toxicology are developed for detection of toxins and poisons. A RAPD-based method has been described for detection of species of animal from its morphologically unrecognizable fragments, recovered from food substances, consumption of which caused even death. Pre-mixed RAPD reaction beads and six RAPD primers were used in PCR analysis. Among six RAPD primers used, any one of them was sufficient in resolving this practical forensic situation. But to enhance the probability values for matching in the present study of fixing identity of an animal, six set of market available RAPD primers were used. This is the first report of a forensic application of RAPD DNA typing in identification of charred skeleton remnants of Lizard sp. in food material. Furthermore unique amplicons were generated for different reptilian species, which can be used as species specific markers for species identification in forensic situation, however no variations among individuals of same species were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Epidemics due to pesticide contamination of food.

Clinical and epidemiological aspects of epidemics of poisoning due to pesticides are reviewed. The 37 cases chosen are divided into four groups on the basis of implication for prevention.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of human exposure to chemical contaminants in foods.

One of the most important factors in assessing risk to human health from potentially harmful chemicals in foods is the availability of good data on the exposure of the public to such substances. The means of acquiring these data generally involves monitoring programmes using appropriate sampling procedures and reliable analytical methods for measuring the compounds of concern in a variety of substrates. Two approaches are generally employed: a biological monitoring programme which measures substances in human fluids and tissues, and a food analysis monitoring programme, preferably a total diet study, wherein food is prepared for consumption prior to analysis. The choice of approach to use and chemicals to monitor depend on the situation within a particular country. The analysis of food has the advantage of short term impact since problems can be identified relatively quickly and control measures established. Biological monitoring on the other hand tends to indicate both accumulated and current exposure from all sources, including air, water and food. In Canada both approaches have been used for a number of years with major surveys of human milk and adipose tissue, and the total diet study, being conducted approximately every five years. Details of these programmes together with some of the pertinent findings are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

An array biosensor for detection of bacterial and toxic contaminants of foods.

The Naval Research Laboratory has developed an array-based biosensor system capable of detecting multiple pathogenic and toxic species in complex matrices. Sandwich fluoroimmunoassays are performed on the surface of a patterned microscope slide that acts as an optical waveguide. Fluorescence from immunocomplexes formed on the slide surface is excited using the evanescent field, an electromagnetic component of light, and the pattern of fluorescence is imaged using a charge-coupled device camera. Using the evanescent wave for excitation allows real-time imaging. Alternatively, a confocal scanner can also be used to detect and quantify fluorescent spots. A method for immobilizing capture antibodies, performing assays, and detecting bound targets is presented.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of low levels of mite and insect contaminants in food and feedstuffs by a modified flotation method.

Extraneous material was separated from feed and food products by a modified technique in which kerosene is used in a specially designed flotation flask. This technique, although effective for analyzing feed and foods, presented limitations in the analysis of finely powdered materials. Some procedural modifications and an increased in the capacity of the flotation flask from 500 to 750 mL allowed a larger sample weight (20 g) to be analyzed for mites, insect fragments, and rodent hairs, with considerably reduced residue interference. In trials with a variety of products seeded with known numbers of mites, average recovery was 83%. Recoveries of 89% were obtained from flour samples seeded with insect fragments and rodent hairs. A new process of suspending extracted mites in a mixture of industrial methylated spirit (46%) and glycerol (54%) by volume was used to allow rapid and more precise estimates of mite populations in heavily infested samples.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2001

Electrochemical biosensors for evaluation of contaminants in food.

This paper describes the application of electrochemical disposable biosensors in food analysis, which have recently been developed in our laboratory. Disposable biosensors, based on acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity, were exploited for testing the presence of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in water, fruit, and vegetable samples. The paper further describes preliminary tests for the detection of genetically modified organisms and hybridisation by coupling the DNA biosensors with the polymerase chain reaction.

Biosensing Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microbiological monitoring activities: a report in a food-crockery-cleaning factory].

The purpose of this report is to describe the checks, the methods and the results obtained in a crockery-cleaning and polishing factory. Investigating the most important biological index for food contamination (e.g. T.B.C., Yeast, Mould), in order to determine the presence/absence of biological agent and to obtain good results in terms of hygiene and health.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

[Contamination of food with cesium radionuclides].

Specific activities of 134Cs, 137Cs were investigated and compared in canned meat products, pork, beef, poultry, venison, as well as in raw cow milk, milk products and milk replacers. Increased specific activities of cesium radionuclides in canned meat products were found up to 70 Bq.kg-1 in 1986, up to 150 Bq.kg-1 early in 1987, and a gradual decline of specific activity to 40 Bq.kg-1 at the end of 1988. In 1987 these values made up to 50 Bq.kg-1 and 120 Bq.kg-1 in pork and beef, up to 30 Bq.kg-1 in poultry, and up to 160 Bq.kg-1 in venison. In 1988 a decrease in these specific activities occurred down to 30 Bq.kg-1. The values of 134,137Cs specific activity did not exceed 10 Bq.kg-1 in raw cow milk, and 30 Bq.kg-1 in milk products. Specific activity up to 200 Bq.kg-1 was found in milk replacers.

Animals↗