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PubMedDate not supplied

[Speed of intestinal passage and water content of feces in premature and full-term infants following exposure to phototherapy].

Fifty-one newborn infants were divided into five groups and were studied according to gestational age, hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy. In each group, the speed of intestinal passage and content of water in feces was evaluated in terms of the variables mentioned. It was shown that neither hyperbilirubinemia nor phototherapy affect the content of water in feces, nor the speed of intestinal passage in pre-term infants. The same results were true for hyperbilirubinemia in full term infants in whom it was not possible to demonstrate the effect of phototherapy. Full term infants showed a greater content of water in feces and a higher speed of intestinal passage as compared with pre-term infants. This was possibly the result of different body weight due to a different gestational age.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1992

[Detection of an inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene and sodium azide induced mutagenesis by extracts from human feces].

Low levels of mutagenic activities were detected in only 5-25% of the feces of people on a normal mixed-western diet, when feces were extracted by solvents and extracts were analyzed for mutagenicity with Ames' standard Salmonella/microsome assay. Since mutagens are know to be present in this type of diet and may be synthesized endogenously by bacteria in the large bowel, the question is if antimutagenic compounds mask the presence of genotoxic substances. We therefore tested the inhibition of known mutagens--benzo(a)-pyrene and sodium azide--by acetone/ethyl-acetate extracts of lyophilized feces in model experiments. These extracts completely suppressed the mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene and reduced the mutagenicity of sodium azide by about 60%, but were non-cytotoxic. Using gel filtration over Sephadex LH-20 and subsequent silica gel column chromatography we found that the inhibitors were polar organic compounds with molecular weights about 500 or more. The inhibitory effect could not be changed by esterification or saponification methods but was completely abolished by alkaline potassium permanganate oxidation. We therefore conclude that the antimutagenic activities might be identical with bile pigments.

Antimutagenic Agents↗
PubMed2004

[Earthworm feces-induced systemic resistance of cucumber against anthracnose].

Pot experiment showed that mixing earthworm feces into soil induced a significantly lower (P < 0.05) cucumber anthracnose than mixing peat, but had no significant difference (P > 0.05) with the treatment of system acquired resistance. The activities of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in cucumber leaves treated with and without pathogen were increased in different degrees by mixing earthworm feces, compared with by mixing peat. All these suggested that mixing with earthworm feces could induce the system resistance of cucumber and suppress the plant disease via starting up the recovery enzyme system in plant.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Studies of serum and feces bile acids determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Both radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods are utilized in the clinical laboratory to measure bile acids in human body fluids. For a more detailed analysis, we attempted simultaneous analysis of serum and feces bile acids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and also investigated the dynamics of bile acids. Serum bile acid composition was examined in 22 healthy adults (79.9 +/- 6.0 years) and 20 colon cancer patients (65.1 +/- 9.5 years). Feces bile acid composition was examined in 20 healthy adults (50.7 +/- 7.6 years) and 20 colon cancer patients (63.6 +/- 8.5 years). The significance of differences was examined by Student's t-test. In both healthy adults and colon cancer patients, the bile acids detected in serum were cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and hyocholic acid (HCA). The following 12 bile acids were detected in feces: CA, allo CA, CDCA, allo CDCA, DCA, allo DCA, LCA, allo LCA, UDCA, HCA, UCA, and CA-6alpha-ol. For allo CA and allo CDCA, no significant differences were observed between the control group and the colon cancer patients. On the other hand, the concentration of allo LCA tended to be higher in the patients (p < 0.05), and the concentration of allo DCA was distinctly higher (p < 0.001) in the colon cancer group, particularly in men. The GC-MS method demonstrated bile acids undetectable by conventional RIA and ELISA. The dynamics suggested association of allo bile acids (DCA and LCA) with colon cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Quantification of cortisol, cortisol immunoreactive metabolites, and immunoglobulin A in serum, saliva, urine, and feces for noninvasive assessment of stress in reindeer.

This study was designed to develop reliable methods for quantification of cortisol and cortisol immunoreactive metabolites (C-CIM) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in reindeer serum, saliva, urine, and feces as tools for the objective noninvasive assessment of well-being and immunocompetence in reindeer. Although C-CIM was readily quantifiable by radioimmunoassay in serum, urine, and feces, the levels in saliva samples were low, rendering quantification unreliable. Whereas IgA concentrations were high in feces samples, they were much lower, albeit quantifiable, in serum and urine; the levels in saliva samples were too low for quantification with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that we developed. Further studies are in progress to validate the usefulness of fecal levels of C-CIM and IgA in the assessment of welfare in reindeer.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

West Nile virus quantification in feces of experimentally infected American and fish crows.

To better understand the potential environmental health risk presented by West Nile virus (WNV)-contaminated feces, we quantified the amount of WNV present in the feces of experimentally infected American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and fish crows (Corvus ossifragus). Peak fecal titers ranged from 10(3.5) to 10(8.8) plaque-forming units (PFU)/g for 10 American crows and from 10(2.3) to 10(6.4) PFU/g for 10 fish crows. The presence of infectious WNV in bird feces indicates a potential for direct transmission of WNV. Thus, handlers of sick or dead birds should take appropriate precautions to avoid exposure to fecal material.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Fluorine excretion in urine and feces of rats dependent on the source of this element and content of protein in the diet].

Wistar rats of both sexes were fed semisynthetic diets containing 12 or 24% of protein derived from casein or from krill meal, as well as comprising fluorine (357 mg/kg diet) either from krill meal or from sodium fluoride. After 7, 14 and 32 weeks urine and feces were collected for constructing the fluorine balance. It was found that rate fed krill meal excrete fluorine mainly in feces, and those administrated sodium fluoride--mainly in urine. A higher dietary protein level leads to enhanced fluorine excretion. Fluorine from krill meal is definitely less able to be assimilated than that from sodium fluoride. When fluorine administration is discontinued, this element is released from the organism and is excreted mainly in feces.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Detection of cancer-associated antigen in feces of patients with gastric cancer by monoclonal antibodies].

Detection of cancer-associated antigen in feces was performed by ELISA binding inhibition method using monoclonal antibody in 25 patients with gastric cancer, 70 with non-malignant gastrointestinal diseases and 100 healthy individuals. Monoclonal antibodies used were CL-4, PS-9, PS-10 and a "cocktail" of the three. The level of cancer-associated antigens detected in feces was significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer than in healthy individuals. PS-9 and PS-10 were also significantly higher in gastric cancer than in non-malignant gastrointestinal diseases. The positive rates of CL-4 were 62.5% vs 7.0%, PS-9 44.0% vs 3% and PS-10 64.0% vs 7.0% in patients with gastric cancer and healthy individuals. When the cocktail of the three was used, the positive rates increased to 88.0% and 14% in the above two groups and 26.6% in gastritis group. These results indicate that the detection of cancer-associated antigen in feces is of value in diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

[Present situation of nurses and patients in the sampling of feces for fecal occult blood test].

Ninety-five nurses in 4 hospitals and 45 hospitalized patients were asked on the sampling of feces for the fecal occult blood test. Eighty percent of the nurses understood the role and significance of the fecal occult test, however, most of them did not explain the exact way of sampling feces to the patient. About 70% of the patients had not been explained by any medical staff how to collect the feces, but they seemed to find an appropriate way of sampling.

Feces↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of BMY-28100 on bacterial flora in adult human feces].

We investigated effects of BMY-28100 on fecal bacteria. BMY-28100 was administered orally to 8 healthy male volunteers between 20 and 24 years of age weighing between 58.0 and 79.5 kg. All subjects were given one 250 mg capsule 3 times a day at 30 minutes after meal for 7 days. Fecal bacterial counts were examined 5 days before the start of administration, the day of the start of administration, 3, 5 and 7 days after the start of administration, and 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days after the end of administration. Concentrations of BMY-28100 and Clostridium difficile D-1 toxin in feces were also examined together with examinations for adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory test values. 1. Total aerobic bacterial counts increased transiently upon the antibiotic dosage. Escherichia coli and yeast like organism increased transiently during the period of administration, while the total counts of anaerobic bacteria remained constant. Veillonellaceae, Peptococcaceae and Eubacterium decreased transiently during the period of administration. Although C. difficile and its D-1 toxin were detected in 1 and 5 cases, respectively, these feces appeared normal. 2. Active metabolites of BMY-28100 were not detected in the feces. 3. No adverse effects or no abnormal laboratory test values were observed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiologic study of salmonellae shedding in the feces of horses and potential risk factors for development of the infection in hospitalized horses.

A study was designed to identify epidemiologic factors associated with the development and spread of salmonellae in horses in a veterinary teaching hospital, through a case-control study and a longitudinal follow-up prospective study. In the case-control study, 44 horses shedding salmonellae in feces were compared with 99 control horses not shedding salmonellae in feces; regarding breed, sex, age and initial diagnosis, none of the odds ratios for study factors was significant. The factors found to be associated with fecal shedding of salmonellae in the prospective study included diarrhea at the time of admission to the hospital, fever while hospitalized, and a change in diet while hospitalized. Horses identified to be shedding salmonellae in feces were not limited to those with clinical signs of salmonellosis; however, spread of salmonellae from a shedder without clinical signs of disease to other hospitalized horses was not identified. The most common serovars of Salmonella isolated were oranienburg and newport.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of rokitamycin on bacterial flora in human feces].

Rokitamycin, a newly developed macrolide antibiotic was orally administered to 7 healthy male volunteers (22-25 years) for 7 consecutive days to study changes in bacterial flora and concentrations of the drug in feces, and to observe adverse reactions and laboratory test parameters. A dose of 200 mg (2 tablets: 100 mg/tablet) was given 3 times daily before meals and the fecal studies were done on the 5 days before administration (adm.) [b.a.], at the time of administration (0), and the 3rd, 5th, 7th (the final day of treatment) days during adm. [u.a.] and the 3rd, 5th, 10th, 20th, 30th days after adm. [a.a.]. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Obvious changes in mean populations of total aerobes and enterobacteriaceae were not found. In changes of each bacteria of enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli was not observed in cases from initial day of treatment to the 3rd day a.a. Cases from which Citrobacter sp. was isolated tended to increase after 3 days u.a. and gradually decrease after 3 days a.a. Among Gram-negative bacilli, cases where isolation of Pseudomonas sp. was observed increased temporarily on the 3rd u.a., Gram-positive cocci did not show particular patterns of changes. No changes in mean count of total anaerobes were observed during the course of the experiment. Among individual anaerobes, numbers of Lactobacillus and Peptococcaceae decreased slightly from the 3rd day u.a. and returned on the 5th day a.a. 2. Clostridium difficile D-1 toxin was detected in feces at amounts approximately 500 ng/g in 2 cases each on 20th and 30th day a.a., with 1 incidence occurring in the same person on the 2 separate days. 3. The drug was detected in all 7 cases on the 3rd, 5th and 7th days u.a., and in 1 cases each on the 5th and the 30th day a.a. The mean peak level was 315.5 micrograms/g on the 7th day u.a. The reason for the detection of the drug in feces in 1 case on the 30th day a.a. at a value of 5.90 micrograms/g was not clear. 4. Adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory test results due to this drug were not observed in any cases.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in feces of convalescent hepatitis B patients.

In 1983, 13 subjects were selected from a factory where an outbreak of viral hepatitis B occurred in October 1982. About 5-7 months later, 13 patients with viral hepatitis B were studied by RPHA and ELISA for HBsAg in feces. Presence of HBsAg was confirmed by specific blocking procedure. HBsAg was found in feces in 69% (9/13) of patients and 30.2% (26/86) of samples collected. 14 fecal specimens found to be positive for HBsAg by RPHA or ELISA examined by immune electron microscopy. Small aggregates of 20-28 nm HBsAg spherical particles were found in three fecal samples. 40-50 nm Dane's-like particles were also observed in one sample. The results suggested that in convalescent period of viral hepatitis B the HBsAg might be excreted through feces.

Convalescence↗
PubMed1989

[Hemagglutinating activity of Escherichia coli isolated from the respiratory tract in comparison with those isolated from urine feces and blood].

Various bacteria with pili are able to agglutinate human and animal red blood cells. Hemagglutinating activity of 131 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from respiratory tract (24 strains), urine (64 strains), feces (36 strains) and blood (7 strains) were tested using human type A, guinea pig, bovine and chicken erythrocytes. Concerning the hemagglutination activity for erythrocytes from at least one of four species (human, guinea pig, bovine, chicken), the strains isolated from respiratory tract showed a higher level than those isolated from feces (p less than 0.01) or those isolated from blood (p less than 0.1). Agglutination of human erythrocytes: Of 131 strains, mannose-sensitive agglutination was observed in 31 strains, mannose-resistant agglutination in 40 strains and non-agglutination in 60 strains. More agglutinated strains were isolated from the respiratory tract than those isolated from blood but not with statistical significance (p less than 0.1). Agglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes: Of 131 strains, mannose-sensitive agglutination was observed in 56 strains, mannose-resistant agglutination in 10 strains and non-agglutination in 65 strains. More agglutinated strains were isolated from the respiratory tract than from urine, feces and blood (p less than 0.01), and of those, 89% were mannose-sensitive agglutination. Agglutination of bovine erythrocytes: Of the 131 strains, mannose-sensitive agglutination was observed in 4 strains, mannose-resistant agglutination in 6 strains and non-agglutination in 121 strains. Therefore, only a few agglutinated strains were seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of two methods for detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus in feces of pigs with experimentally induced infection.

An indirect, double-antibody sandwich-type ELISA for detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) was developed, using a solid phase of rabbit hyperimmune serum and a pool of 3 antipeplomer monoclonal antibodies to trap and to detect the virus, respectively. The technique was used to detect viral antigen in feces of pigs that had been infected with the virulent Miller strain, the attenuated Purdue strain, or the Erica strain (a Dutch field isolate) of TGEV. The results were compared with those of a solid-phase immunosorbent electron microscopy (SPIEM) technique for virus detection. Both techniques detected shedding of virulent virus in feces obtained from pigs on the first or second day after infection, and virus excretion continued for 6 to 8 consecutive days. Virus shedding started later in pigs infected with the attenuated Purdue strain of TGEV and lasted only 2 to 4 days. In comparison with the 2 virulent strains, infection with the attenuated strain appeared to be limited to a smaller portion of the small intestine. Of 242 fecal specimens that were tested by use of ELISA and SPIEM, 119 had positive results in both tests. Additionally, virus could be detected by ELISA in 21 and by SPIEM in 16 specimens. Fecal specimens obtained from pigs before infection always reacted negatively by ELISA for TGEV antigen; there was no cross-reactivity with fecal specimens containing porcine rotavirus or porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. The ELISA and SPIEM were found to be specific and sensitive for the detection of TGEV in feces.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

CO production by feces and urine.

Virtually all CO production in humans and animals is thought to result from the catabolism of heme, and endogenous CO production (VCO) is used as a measure of heme turnover. Using a rebreathing technique, we found that previously fed mice had an apparent VCO that was 40% greater than that of mice that had been fasted before the study. This unexpected result was shown to reflect an excess CO production by the excreta (feces, urine, or both) of fed mice relative to the excreta of fasted mice. Incubation of feces and urine of humans, rats, and mice demonstrated CO release that was not inhibited by autoclaving or acidification to pH 1. CO release from excreta was markedly reduced, however, under anaerobic conditions, and fed and fasted animals excreted CO at the same rate when their excreta were maintained in an anaerobic state. We conclude that feces and urine can release CO via nonenzymatic, oxidative reactions and, under some circumstances, this source of CO can influence measurements of VCO.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of mammalian feces by thin layer chromatography of coprostanol: collaborative study.

Mammalian feces contain coprostanol (5 beta-cholestan-3 beta-ol). In this study, 7 collaborators each tested 45 unknown specimens by a thin layer chromatographic method that uses coprostanol as an indicator of feces. The materials tested were 5 replicates each of 3 test portion sizes (0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg) of cockroach excreta (negative), and cow and rat feces (both positive). Of 315 specimens tested, 261 (82.9%) were correctly identified; there were 5 false positives, 26 false negatives, and from 1 collaborator, 23 inconclusive results.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Automating the quantification of heme in feces.

We present a modification of the HemoQuant assay, a good but lengthy and tedious method for determining heme in feces by means of its transformation to porphyrins. The laborious extraction procedure was replaced by a simple centrifugation procedure. The nonhomogeneous hot oxalic acid suspension was replaced by acetic acid. We observed no significant difference in results between samples analyzed by the older method vs the present modification (r = 0.996, n = 52). Mean (and SD) analytical recoveries of added hemoglobin and protoporphyrin were 99% (7%) and 93% (6%), respectively. The analytical procedure can now be automated by using discrete samplers and a flow-through fluorometer. Initial sampling and dilution of feces are still done manually, however. The excellent specificity, sensitivity, and overall analytical performance of the original method are retained, while circumventing the practical inconveniences of this reliable screening test for occult blood in feces.

Autoanalysis↗