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At the University Eye Hospital of Lund 272 patients were treated following blunt trauma during a two and half year period. The number of cases related to sports activity were extracted. The major sports responsible for the injuries and the type of injuries were identified and also an investigation into the sex and age distribution was made. Forty percent of the total number of cases were sports-related. Floor ball was responsible for 46% of these cases.
OBJECTIVE: To inform practitioners of the risk of ocular injury in women's lacrosse and to advocate the mandatory use of protective eyewear. DESIGN, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Athletes reported retrospectively, via a questionnaire, on the nature and circumstances leading to their injuries. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Four case reports of injury to ocular and adjacent nasal structures are presented. None of the athletes was wearing protective equipment at the time that her injuries were incurred. CONCLUSIONS: Mandatory eye protection should be introduced into the game of women's field lacrosse. Eyewear may have prevented the injuries reported in this article.
A fourteen-year-old adolescent suffered after a direct hit with a plastic projective (paintball) a severe injury of the anterior and posterior segment of the eye manifested by intraocular haemorrhage, cyclodialysis, detachment of the retina with two giant tears and oedema and haemorrhages of the retina. After cerclage, pars plana vitrectomy and transient four-month tamponade with silicone oil the retina reattached. Late complications, cataract, broad anterior adherence with scars of the chamber angle and ciliary body, a lamellar defect of the macula and partial atrophy of the optic disc determined the subsequent development and were an indication for cataract surgery, implantation of an artificial lens into the lenticular capsule and reconstruction of the pupil. The final result was from the cosmetic and functional aspect (visual acuity 0.3) very satisfactory. Plastic projectiles (paintballs) are a new cause of severe eye injuries. At risk are in particular participants of games who do not protect their eyes with spectacles or masks. To save the function of the eye in unnecessary injuries frequently several operations are needed and close collaboration of surgeons for the anterior and posterior segment.
We developed an experimental model for a posterior penetrating eye injury that resulted in traction retinal detachment in 21 rhesus monkey eyes. The standard injury was an incision through the pars plana with vitreous prolapse and incarceration; the wound was then carefully closed with microsurgical techniques. At one to two weeks after injury, detachment of the posterior vitreous occurred and detachment of the retina occurred between seven and 11 weeks. The development of retinal detachment was related to traction on the peripheral retina over the vitreous base; and to the contraction of epiretinal membranes on the peripheral and equatorial retina. Our study supports clinical observations on the importance of blood in the vitreous in the development of vitreous traction and traction retinal detachment after a posterior penetrating injury.
AIMS: This study identifies the various types of ocular injuries sustained after blunt trauma with a paintball fired from a paintball gun. METHODS: We report two patients who sustained injury to an eye after being shot with a paintball and review similar cases presented in the world literature. The type of injury sustained and the final visual acuity obtained after a paintball hit to the eye are examined. RESULTS: The two boys presented were hit in the eye with a paintball resulting in lens subluxation, hyphema formation, and angle recession. Cataract extraction was required in both cases. One boy also had an optic neuropathy and a choroidal rupture. A review of the literature reveals a variety of injuries occur after a paintball hit to the eye. In some of the cases, the damage to the eye has led to loss of vision and at times loss of the eye. CONCLUSIONS: Paintball guns can cause devastating ocular injuries. Wearing protective eye and face gear during this game is essential. We recommend that an anti-fog face mask with a one-piece polycarbonate eye shield be worn by those participating in paintball games.
This study analyses all patients presenting with eye complaints to the casualty section of a Brisbane Hospital during a one month period. Eye complaints constituted 3.6 per cent of all patients. A foreign body was involved in 57 per cent of all eye injuries. The patients were subject to a trial assessing the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment following removal of the foreign body. There was no significant difference between antibiotic and placebo (sterile saline).
The results of 41 consecutive cases of double perforating eye injuries, operated with vitrectomy between December 1975 and December 1982, are reported. Fourteen eyes (34%) obtained a visual acuity of 5/10 or better, and 23 eyes (56%) obtained 5/200 or better. Twenty-eight (68%) developed retinal detachment, and 12 of these were attached by surgery. In this series the pre-operative visual function and the type of injury had a significant effect on the final result. No beneficial effect from early (within 14 days) vitrectomy could be shown.
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PURPOSE: To highlight external rear vision mirrors as a cause of ocular injuries in motor vehicle accidents. METHODS: Three cases of perforating eye injuries due to shattered external rear vision mirrors in motor vehicle accidents are described. The relevant Australian design rules are reviewed. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: External rear vision mirrors can be responsible for serious ocular injuries in motor vehicle accidents. Further investigation of the incidence of such injuries is required to determine whether vehicle manufacturing methods and the design rules covering their production warrant revision.
The records of the 118 patients treated as Southampton Eye Hospital during 1978-9 for injuries incurred while playing squash, badminton, tennis, table tennis, cricket, and football show that for squash the main cause of eye injury was the player being hit by the ball. Severe eye injuries--those requiring treatment as an inpatient--were rare but much more frequent than such injuries in other sports. Less serious injuries--those requiring treatment as an outpatient--were also rare, with a frequency comparable with that of similar injuries in football and badminton. Squash players are most unlikely to incur an eye injury, but should this occur it has far-reaching consequences both in the short and the long term. Each individual player must weigh these chances and consequences against the possible inconvenience of using some form of eye protection.
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OBJECTIVE: Bungee cords are common workplace and household items that have many uses. Despite their utility, they represent a potential source of severe ocular injury. DESIGN: A retrospective review was conducted to identify patients presenting to an ocular emergency department with bungee cord-related eye injuries over a 42-month period. PARTICIPANTS: The authors identified 17 patients with bungee cord-related ocular injuries. INTERVENTION: In identified patients, the hospital inpatient and outpatient charts were reviewed in detail. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, use of ocular protection, presenting and final best-corrected visual acuity, associated ocular injuries, therapeutic interventions, and anatomic results were noted. RESULTS: Fourteen (82%) of the patients had closed globe injuries and 3 (18%) had open globe injuries. A wide array of periocular, anterior segment, and posterior segment injuries were identified with hyphema being the most common associated ocular injury. Ten patients (59%) had a final visual acuity of 20/25 or better. Five patients (29%) had a final visual acuity that was less than or equal to 20/60, with three of these patients having a final visual acuity less than or equal to 4/200. Two of the three patients with open globe injuries had a final visual acuity of 20/60 or better, whereas one had no light perception. Poor visual outcome was associated with posterior segment involvement. CONCLUSIONS: The authors advocate the use of printed warnings on the packaging of bungee cords and extreme caution by those who use them. A modification in design and the use of certified safety glasses may help to decrease the incidence of bungee cord-related ocular trauma.
A review of the medical records of 238 children younger than 16 years admitted with ocular injury to the University Hospital in Trondheim during a 10-years period was undertaken to provide information about the causes, circumstances and visual outcome of ocular trauma in young patients. Children with ocular injury represented 14% of all paediatric eye admissions. The majority were boys (77%). The frequency of injuries among boys increased markedly from the age of 8 years, while the frequency was almost the same among girls in all age groups. The most common cause of injury was projectiles (21.5%) followed by sticks, twigs and pencils (10.1%), falls (10.1%), bow and arrows and catapults (9.7%) and balls (8.8%). The most frequent diagnosis was contusion (43%). Perforating eye injuries amounted to 19%. Follow-up examination showed that 49% of children with eye injuries had some visual deficit, including eighteen children (8%) with visual acuity worse than 0.1. Because most of the eye injuries among children are preventable, more appropriate strategies for the prevention of these should be implemented.
From 1980 through 1986, acute perforating eye injury (ICD codes 871.0-871.9) was diagnosed in 345 residents of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The mean incidence rate was 3.49 per 100,000 person years. There was no significant change in incidence over the seven-year period. The largest number of injuries occurred among individuals working with tools, of which 47 percent were occupational. Males had a 6.5-fold risk of injury relative to females. Blacks had a risk of 2.2 times that of Whites, mainly due to an excess of assaultive injuries. Individuals who had had recent ocular surgery accounted for 4.6 percent of cases overall, and for 31.6 percent of cases in those over age 60.
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A 1-year survey was conducted of all children with eye injuries seen in the Wills Eye Hospital emergency room to determine demographic, etiologic, and prophylactic factors. There were 810 children with ocular trauma. Childhood ocular injuries are frequent, often resulting in serious visual impairment. Many of these injuries are preventable.
Six patients hospitalized by eye injuries caused by tear-gas hand weapons are presented. Five of the lesions resulted from a short-distance shot of aerosol irritant projectors. Severe swelling and bloodshot of the lids and conjunctiva occurred in all cases. Epithelial defects, swelling and blurring of the parenchym were observed in the cornea. The treatment of each case took weeks, even months. Such an injury can because of scars in the cornea permanently lower the visual acuity.