Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “EGGS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Immunization of egg-allergic individuals with egg- or chicken-derived vaccines.

Viruses used in several vaccines are propagated in embryonated eggs. These vaccines contain variable quantities of residual egg or chicken proteins and pose risks when administered to egg- or chicken-sensitive persons. This article highlights differences in how vaccines are prepared, with emphasis on the quantitation of residual egg-derived protein in each vaccine. Published reports on the frequency and severity of these vaccine-induced allergic reactions are reviewed, and an algorithm is provided for the preimmunization evaluation of egg-sensitive persons.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Liquid chromatographic determination of fluoroquinolones in egg albumen and egg yolk of laying hens using fluorometric detection.

A liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and sarafloxacin at 10-200 ppb in both egg yolk and egg albumen of laying hens. Egg yolk or albumen was acidified with 1 M phosphoric acid followed by deproteination with acetonitrile and centrifugation. The supernate was pipetted out, and the remaining protein pellet was extracted three times with acetonitrile. The supernates were combined and concentrated at 50 degrees C to <0.7 mL. The final volume was adjusted to 2 mL with 0.02 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 2.5. Separation of the analytes was achieved using reversed-phase HPLC with fluorometric detection. The recoveries were >80% and coefficients of variation <20%. After validation, the method was applied for use in a national survey for fluoroquinolones in table eggs. Of the 276 eggs assayed, none was found positive for fluoroquinolones. The findings suggest that illegal use of fluoroquinolones in laying hens is not widespread.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Complementarity between sperm surface beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase and egg-coat ZP3 mediates sperm-egg binding.

Despite its importance, the molecular basis of mammalian gamete recognition has remained unclear. The enzyme beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (Gal-transferase) has been viewed traditionally as a biosynthetic component of the Golgi complex, but is also found on the surface of many cells where it can bind its specific glycoside substrate on adjacent cell surfaces or in the extracellular matrix. In mouse it has been suggested that Gal-transferase on the sperm head mediates fertilization by binding oligosaccharide residues in the egg coat, or zona pellucida, and that the ability of the zona pellucida to bind sperm is conferred by oligosaccharides of the ZP3 glycoprotein. However, it has not been confirmed that Gal-transferase and ZP3 are in fact complementary gamete receptors whose interaction mediates sperm-egg binding. Here we show that mouse sperm Gal-transferase specifically recognizes those oligosaccharides on ZP3 that have sperm-binding activity, but does not interact with other zona pellucida glycoproteins. In contrast, all zona pellucida glycoproteins are recognized by non-sperm Gal-transferase, demonstrating a more stringent substrate specificity for the sperm enzyme. This interaction is required for sperm-egg binding because blocking or removing the binding site for Gal-transferase on ZP3 inhibits its ability to bind sperm. After the release of the sperm acrosome, the transferase relocalizes to a new membrane domain where it can no longer bind to ZP3, which is consistent with the inability of acrosome-reacted sperm to bind ZP3 or to initiate binding to the zona pellucida. Following fertilization, ZP3 is modified by egg cortical granule secretions so that it loses sperm receptor activity, which can be accounted for by a selective loss of its binding site for sperm Gal-transferase. These results show that sperm surface beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase and the egg-coat glycoprotein ZP3 are complementary adhesion molecules that mediate primary gamete binding in the mouse.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1999

Ovalbumin in developing chicken eggs migrates from egg white to embryonic organs while changing its conformation and thermal stability.

Ovalbumin was detected in developing chicken eggs. The large majority of these ovalbumin molecules was found to be in a heat-stable form reminiscent of S-ovalbumin. About 83 and 90% of the ovalbumin population was in a heat-stable form in day 14 or stage 40 amniotic fluid and day 18 or stage 44 egg yolk, respectively, whereas ovalbumin in newly deposited eggs was in the heat-unstable, native form. Purified preparations of stable ovalbumin from egg white and amniotic fluid showed a less ordered configuration than native ovalbumin, as analyzed by circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, mass spectrometric analysis exhibited distinct size microheterogeneity between the stable and native forms of ovalbumin. Immunohisotochemical study revealed that ovalbumin was present in the central nervous system and other embryonic organs. These results indicated that egg white ovalbumin migrates into the developing embryo while changing its higher order structure.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Partitioning of the response to protein between egg number and egg weight.

1. Data from published trials with laying hens were examined to see whether the concentration of dietary protein needed to achieve maximum egg weight was greater than the amount needed to achieve maximum rate of lay. 2. It is concluded that both rate of lay and egg weight continue to show small responses up to the same level of protein (or limiting amino acid) input. 3. When predicting egg output using asymptotic models, a reasonable assumption is that small increments in dietary protein, close to the optimum, will evoke equal proportional responses in egg size and in rate of lay. 4. When protein supply is severely limiting, the major response is a reduction in rate of lay. Egg weight seldom falls below 0.90 of its maximum value, however inadequate the protein intake may be.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Chromium supplementation can alleviate negative effects of heat stress on egg production, egg quality and some serum metabolites of laying Japanese quail.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of Cr (chromium picolinate, CrPic) supplementation at various levels (0, 200, 400, 800 or 1200 microg/kg of diet) on egg production, egg quality and serum concentrations of insulin, corticosterone and glucose in laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japanica) reared under conditions of heat stress (32.5 degrees C). Laying Japanese quail (n = 150; 45 d old) were divided into five groups of 30 birds. The quail were fed either a control diet containing 965 microg Cr/kg diet or the control diet supplemented with 200, 400, 800 or 1200 microg of Cr/kg diet. Increased supplemental chromium increased body weight (P = 0.05, linear), feed intake (P = 0.05, linear), egg production (P = 0.01, linear) and also improved feed efficiency (P = 0.01, linear). Increased supplemental chromium linearly increased egg weight (P = 0.01), eggshell thickness, egg specific gravity (P = 0.05) and Haugh unit (P = 0.01). Serum insulin concentration increased linearly (P = 0.01), whereas corticosterone and glucose concentration decreased linearly (P = 0.05) as dietary chromium increased. The best results were obtained with 1200 microg Cr/kg diet, and chromium supplementation at such a level can be considered to be protective management practice in a quail diet, reducing the negative effects of heat stress.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

The effect of dietary protein level and total sulfur amino acid:lysine ratio on egg production parameters and egg yield in Hy-Line W-98 hens.

A 3 x 3 treatment arrangement varying in dietary protein and TSAA:Lys was used to evaluate the effect of low-protein diets fed to Hy-Line W-98 laying hens. Phase I was 20 to 43 wk of age with 18.9, 17.0, and 14.4 g of protein/hen per day and 0.97, 0.85, and 0.82 TSAA:Lys, whereas phase II was 44 to 63 wk of age with 16.3, 14.6, and 13.8 g of protein/hen per day and 0.92, 0.82, and 0.72 TSAA:Lys. Egg production and feed consumption decreased from 83.7 to 82.2% and 98.8 to 95.6 g, respectively. Feed efficiency improved from 1.680 to 1.645 g of feed/g of egg mass with decreasing dietary protein. Body weight gain was similar for hens fed high or medium protein diets. In phase II, hens consuming 13.8 g of protein/day had significantly reduced egg weight compared with hens consuming 14.6 or 16.3 g of protein/day. Wet and dry albumen percentage, albumen solids, and albumen and yolk protein percentages were significantly decreased with feeding low-protein diets. Yolk protein percentage was increased from 14.85 to 15.11% when decreasing the ratio from 0.97 to 0.82. Hens consuming a low-protein diet produced eggs with the lowest specific gravity. An interaction was observed for protein retention during phase I, feeding 14.4 g of protein/day or a ratio of 0.97 improved protein retention by 9 and 16%, respectively. Overall, hens consuming 16.3 or 14.6 g of protein/hen per day performed similar to hens consuming 18.9 and 17.0 g of protein/hen per day during P1 and P2, respectively. Also, hens consuming diets containing 0.97 and 0.92 TSAA:Lys produced eggs with improved shell quality as compared with other ratios during P1 and P2, respectively.

Amino Acids, Sulfur↗
PubMed1983

A clinical and immunological study of allergy to hen's egg white. I. A clinical study of egg allergy.

Various clinical features of eighty-four atopic patients, with clinical hypersensitivity to egg and positive RAST to egg white, were studied. Some of the clinical data were compared with data from a control group of atopic patients without egg allergy. Atopic diseases and certain food allergies in the families of the egg-allergic patients and atopic controls were also studied. This was done in order to investigate the extent to which differences between the egg allergy group and the atopic control group were reflected in their respective families.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Effects of dietary chromium and zinc on egg production, egg quality, and some blood metabolites of laying hens reared under low ambient temperature.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (chromium picolinate, CrPic) and zinc (ZnSO4 x H2O) on egg production, egg quality, and serum insulin, corticosterone, glucose, cholesterol, and total protein concentrations of laying hens reared under a low ambient temperature (6.8 degrees C). One hundred twenty laying hens (Hy-Line; 32 wk old) were divided into 4 groups, 30 hens per group. The laying hens were fed the control diet (T1) or the control diet supplemented with either 400 microg of Cr/kg of diet (T2), 30 mg of Zn/kg of diet (T3), or 400 microg of Cr plus 30 mg of Zn/kg of diet (T4). Although the dry matter intake (DMI) was similar (p > 0.05) for all treatment groups, supplemental chromium and zinc either individually or together increased live-weight change, egg production, and improved feed efficiency (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between T4 and T2 or T3. Compared to T1, supplemental chromium and zinc increased egg weight, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, egg specific gravity, and Haugh unit (p < 0.05) in T2, T3, and T4 groups, among which there was no significant difference. Serum insulin concentration increased (p < 0.05) and corticosterone concentration decreased (p < 0.05) with dietary chromium and zinc supplementation. Serum glucose and choles- terol concentrations decreased (p < 0.05) and protein concentrations increased (p < 0.001) with dietary chromium and zinc supplementation in all treatment groups. The results of this study indicated that either supplemental dietary chromium or zinc increased plasma insulin and decreased corticosterone concentrations and that had a positive effect on performance of laying hens under low ambient temperature.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Differences in the multiplication of Salmonella enteritidis strains in liquid whole egg: implications for detecting contaminated eggs from commercial laying flocks.

Bacterial culturing of eggs for Salmonella enteritidis has become an important tool in efforts to identify laying flocks that potentially threaten public health. As pools of egg contents are generally incubated before culturing to allow S. enteritidis numbers to multiply to easily detectable levels, any differences in the multiplication of S. enteritidis strains in egg pools could result in similar differences in the likelihood of detection. To assess whether 12 S. enteritidis strains would multiply to reach different final levels in pools of egg contents, 100-mL samples of liquid whole egg were experimentally contaminated with < 10 cfu of the various strains. After incubation for 24 h at 37 C, the number of colony-forming units of S. enteritidis in each pool was determined. Significant differences were observed between strains in the extent of expansion of the S. enteritidis population during incubation (some strains grew to levels more than a thousand times greater than others). Iron supplementation of the pools during incubation significantly increased S. enteritidis growth and reduced the extent of variation between strains.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Thermotropic behavior of liposomes from egg yolk lecithin, hydrogenized egg yolk lecithin and their mixtures].

The thermotropic properties of multilamellar liposomes from egg yolk lecithin, hydrogenized egg yolk lecithin and several mixtures of these two lipids were studied with the application of excimer--forming optical probe pyrene and microcalorimetry. It was discovered that when the proportion of the egg yolk lecithin in the lipid mixture was raised the temperature of the main phase transition reduced. For all this, independent of the lipid mixture composition when the temperature was raised, apparently, polarity of pyrene microenvironment in the liposomes bilayers decreased. On the basis of the analysis of solidus and liquidus curves obtained from calorimetric studies of the lipid mixtures and bend points of Arrhenius anamorphose obtained during the pyrene excimer formation measurements some conclusions were made about the role of unmodified and hydrogenized egg yolk lecithin cluster formation in the determination of thermotropic properties of the liposomes from the above two lipids mixtures. High temperature phase transition discovered for the egg yolk lecithin while measuring the pyrene excimer formation is proposed to be closely connected with temperature-dependent changes in the organization of phospholipid heads on the interphase bilayer/H2O solution.

Calorimetry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of egg storage upon the survival of Campylobacter jejuni in laboratory-infected fertile poultry eggs.

Fertile eggs were infected by Campylobacter jejuni in the laboratory by a temperature differential method of inoculation, which resulted in up to 10% of the hatched birds carrying C. jejuni in the intestine. When infected eggs were stored for 5 1/2 days before incubation, the infection rate of the eggs had decreased to 20% or less when set, and no infected chicks were hatched. Inoculation of eggs after 8 days in storage also failed to yield infected chicks. In all cases, the hatch ratio was no different from that of uninfected control eggs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Embryonated eggs compared with fragments of chorioallantois attached to egg shell for isolation of Newcastle disease virus.

The feasibility of using fragments of chorioallantois attached to egg shell (C-S) as an alternative to embryonated eggs for isolating Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was assessed. In paired titrations of 6 strains of virus, embryonated eggs detected an average of 6-to-7-fold greater amounts of virus than did C-S fragments. The efficiency of isolation of viscerotropic velogenic NDV from 240 swab samples was 97% in embryonated eggs and 84% in C-S fragments. Sensitivity differences between the 2 host systems were revealed only in tests of samples expected to contain small amounts of virus. These results suggest that C-S fragments can be reliably used in some but not all instances, thereby relieving logistic constraints sometimes associated with the use of embryonated eggs.

Allantois↗
PubMed1995

A rapid method to determine bacterial contamination on hatching eggs. 2. Correlation of the optical-density measurements after incubation to bacterial counts on hatching eggs.

The suitability of using optical-density (OD) measurements after a 6-h incubation period to determine bacterial contamination on hatching eggs was evaluated. A total of 154 hatching eggs, from five different flocks, were examined visually and bacterial counts and OD measurements of egg washings after 6 h of incubation at 37 degrees C were carried out to determine the levels of bacterial contamination, and these results were compared. A relationship between the OD measurements of egg washings and the log of the bacterial plate counts, was demonstrated. The OD measurements provide accurate and quantitative information to detect bacterial contamination on hatching eggs, as they are simple to perform, repeatable and reliable.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Importance of mammalian sperm metalloendoprotease activity during the acrosome reaction to subsequent sperm-egg fusion: inhibitor studies with human sperm and zona-free hamster eggs.

We have previously shown that each of the metalloendoprotease (MEP) inhibitors phosphoramidon, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, and carbobenzoxy-L-phenylalanine, when present only during the human sperm acrosome reaction (AR), will not inhibit the AR or sperm motility but will decrease the number of sperm that penetrate zona-free hamster eggs. The present study was designed to investigate whether this inhibition of penetration is due to an effect on sperm binding to the egg plasma membrane and/or to an effect on the actual membrane fusion event. In these studies we used ionomycin to initiate the AR and assayed binding in a Ca(2+)-free medium and fusion in Ca(2+)-containing medium in the same experiment. Eggs were loaded with the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342, and the appearance of fluorescence in a sperm head indicated that fusion had occurred. The three MEP inhibitors reduced binding only slightly but inhibited the actual fusion step by 50-60% (determined with an equation that corrected for any inhibition of fusion due to inhibition of binding). MEP inhibitors present only during gamete interactions had little or no effect on fusion. We also found that phosphoramidon-inhibitable MEP activity was released during the ionomycin-initiated AR. Incubation of AR supernatant containing MEP activity with previously acrosome-reacted, phosphoramidon-treated sperm resulted in a large reversal of the phosphoramidon-inhibitory effect on sperm-egg fusion. These results support the hypothesis that the acrosomal phosphoramidon-inhibitable MEP released during the AR acts directly or indirectly during that event to increase the fusibility of the sperm plasma membrane region required for subsequent sperm-egg fusion.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1987

Bioelectric responses of sea urchin eggs inseminated with oyster spermatozoa: a sperm evoked potential without egg activation.

Multiple oyster spermatozoa can enter sea urchin eggs with or often without fertilization membrane formation (Osanai and Kyozuka, 1982). In the present work, electrical responses of sea urchin (Temnopleurus hardwicki) eggs inseminated with oyster (Crassostrea gigas) sperm were examined and correlated to the failure of monospermy and egg activation. With diluted sperm, a transient depolarization of the membrane with a constant pattern appeared repeatedly and discretely, and the depolarizations (sperm evoked potentials, SEPs) were not associated with fertilization membrane elevation. With dense sperm, the SEPs occurred consecutively, and sometimes an assembled consecutive depolarization was followed by an activation potential associated with cortical granule discharge. When the membrane potential was artificially held at positive levels, the frequency of SEPs was strongly suppressed but not completely blocked. The present results indicate that an individual heterologous spermatozoon neither produces a depolarization sufficient to block additional sperm entry, nor stimulates egg activation, and that simultaneous entries of multiple heterologous spermatozoa, as possibly reflected by the assembled consecutive depolarizations, induce cortical granule discharge and egg activation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Subcellular localization of sea urchin egg spectrin: evidence for assembly of the membrane-skeleton on unique classes of vesicles in eggs and embryos.

A recent study from our laboratory on the sea urchin egg suggested that spectrin was not solely restricted to the plasma membrane, but instead had a more widespread distribution on the surface of a variety of membranous inclusions. (E. M. Bonder et al., 1989, Dev. Biol. 134, 327-341). In this report we extend our initial findings and provide experimental and ultrastructural evidence for the presence of spectrin on three distinct classes of cytoplasmic vesicles. Immunoblot analysis of membrane fractions prepared from egg homogenates establishes that spectrin coisolates with vesicle-enriched fractions, while indirect immunofluorescence microscopy on cryosections of centrifugally stratified eggs demonstrates that spectrin specifically associates with cortical granules, acidic vesicles, and yolk platelets in vivo. Immunogold ultrastructural localization of spectrin on cortices isolated from eggs and early embryos details the striking distribution of spectrin on the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane and the membranes of cortical granules, acidic vesicles, and yolk platelets, while quantitative studies show that relatively equivalent amounts of spectrin are present on the different membrane surfaces both before and after fertilization. These data, in combination with the localization of numerous spectrin crosslinks between actin filaments in surface microvilli, suggest that spectrin plays a pivotal role in structuring the cortical membrane-cytoskeletal complex of the egg and the embryo.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Suppression of granuloma formation around Schistosoma mansoni eggs in severe protein malnutrition: the role of the egg.

The role of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in producing suppressed granulomatous response in severe protein malnutrition was studied in mice by the von Lichtenberg technique. Granulomatous response to eggs recovered from infected mice fed on 4% protein diet for four weeks was compared with the response to eggs that were recovered from mice fed on standard control (20% protein) diet in both unsensitized and sensitized normal mice. Granulomatous response to the former was significantly smaller (p less than .01) in unsensitized mice than to the latter. This suggests that the eggs might have responded to the "milieu interne" altered by malnutrition, in a way that its granuloma-inducing capacity differed from what it would be in well nourished mice. It was concluded that suppression of host cellular immunity may not be the only factor that explains suppression of granulomatous response to S. mansoni egg in severe protein malnutrition.

Animals↗