Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Diminazene”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Multiple superovulations in N'Dama heifers.

Five N'Dama heifers were superovulated with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH-P or Folltropin) a total of six times each. The superovulations were carried out between ongoing experimental Trypanosoma congolense infections. Twenty-four (80%) of the 30 superovulations had a good ovarian response with 21 (70%) producing an average of 2.7 +/- 0.4 (mean +/- s.e.m.) embryos. The highest embryo production was achieved at the third and fourth superovulation, after which both the number of embryos and their quality declined. The overall pregnancy rate after transfer into Boran (Bos indicus) cow recipients was 50.9%. The uteri of the heifers increased considerably in size throughout the six superovulations which made it difficult to flush some of the animals after the third superovulation. Embryo transfer technology is a useful breeding tool in N'Dama heifers and multiple superovulations can be carried out with success.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The cure of acute Babesiasis perroncitoi in swine.

From June to August in 1988, a total of 64 pure-bred Landrace, Yorkshire (large white) and Inner Mongolian Black Swine from a farm in Huhehot were affected with a disease, 13 died. The pathogen was confirmed primarily to be Babesia perroncitoi. The drugs used for treatment were Berenil and Acaprin. The intramuscular dose for Berenil was 3 mg per kilogram weight. The subcutaneous dose for Acaprin was 0.8 mg per kilogram weight. All of which had satisfactory results. In the same season in the second year and the third year, the disease was also reported, but all sick animals were cured.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Studies on the comprehensive control of babesiasis in cattle and buffaloes.

To obtain a highly effective method for controlling babesiosis in cattle and buffalo, an epidemiological survey was carried out at Zuiyun village in Hubai Province. On the grounds of the epidemiological data, control measures which included preventive drugs and killing the vectors were devised. After two years of control no clinical cases of bovine babesiosis were found. The average number of ticks on cattle or buffalo decreased from 9-282 to 0-11.3. Good results were obtained in another epidemic area using this control method. These results indicated that this technique of controlling babesiosis is highly effective.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effect of strand orientation on the interaction of berenil with DNA triple helices.

Using circular dichroism spectroscopy the ability of berenil, a minor groove binding drug, to induce triple helix formation was investigated with two oligonucleotides designed to form two intramolecular triplexes containing T*A:T and G*G:C triplets, which differ only by the orientation of their third strand: 5'-d(G4A4G4-[T4]-C4T4C4-[T4]-G4T4G4), and 5'-d(G4T4G4-[T4]-G4A4G4-[T4]-C4T4C4), where [T4] represents a stretch of four thymine residues. We demonstrate that when added to the duplex form of these oligonucleotides, berenil induces triplex structure formation only if the orientation of third strand is anti-parallel to the purine strand.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

In vitro drug sensitivity test for Trypanosoma brucei subgroup bloodstream trypomastigotes.

An in vitro test has been developed to determine drug sensitivities of bloodstream trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma (T.) brucei isolates. The incorporation of [14C]leucine, [3H]thymidine and [3H]hypoxanthine into bloodstream forms in vitro was compared and different sensitivity test procedures with trypanocidal drugs were evaluated. Bloodstream forms were added to a microtiter plate with serial dilutions of trypanocidal drugs containing a cell-free culture medium supplemented with a mammalian serum, which allows continuous cultivation of the bloodstream stages. After a preincubation period of 16 h, [3H]hypoxanthine was added, and after another 8 h, the cells were harvested with a cell harvester. The glass fiber filters on which the cells were collected were counted in a liquid scintillation counter and the percent inhibition determined as percentage of the control counts. This method gave accurate, reproducible results for T. (T.) brucei isolates tested with the trypanocidal drugs suramin, berenil, samorin, lomidine and Mel W.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine against susceptible and drug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei.

The antitrypanosomal activity of the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, eflornithine) was tested in ten stocks and one clone of the hemoflagellate Trypanosoma brucei brucei in an in vitro system. They showed varying levels of susceptibility to DFMO, their IC50 (the concentration which inhibited growth by 50%) values ranging from 81-691 microM. Differences in DFMO susceptibility were also demonstrated in mice. Combinations of melarsonyl potassium (mel W; trimelarsan) and DFMO showed an additive effect in vitro in a mel W-susceptible and a mel W-resistant stock, but an antagonistic effect in a mel W- and DFMO-susceptible clone. Combinations of suramin and DFMO showed an antagonistic effect in vitro in a suramin-susceptible clone, but a potentiation in a suramin-resistant stock.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Trypanosomiasis in cattle in Gambia: incidence, prevalence and tsetse challenge.

The incidence of trypanosome infections, measured by a Berenil Index in experimental herds of 10 Zebu and 10 N'Dama cattle, was compared with tsetse challenge and with the prevalence of parasitaemia in local N'Dama at three villages in Gambia. Tsetse challenge was more strongly correlated with the incidence of parasitaemia in the Zebu than in the N'Dama. There was a strong correlation between prevalence and incidence of infection in the N'Dama. There was no correlation, however, between prevalence of infection in cattle and tsetse challenge unless the data were offset by 3-5 months. The Berenil Index in the Zebu increased at about twice the rate as in the N'Dama under corresponding levels of challenge. It is concluded that whereas incidence of infection in susceptible animals is best measured independently, it can, under stable conditions, be inferred from an assessment of tsetse challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of verapamil on antitrypanosomal activity of drugs in mice.

The effects of verapamil on drug responses of Trypanosoma brucei brucei were studied to determine whether drug resistance of this organism could be related to expression of a drug resistance gene as has been described for drug-resistant cancer cells and malaria. Concomitant administration of verapamil during treatment of two different strains of the parasite with ethidium or berenil resulted in enhancement of the drug effect as shown by increased formation of dyskinetoplastic organisms, increased rates of clearing of the parasites from the blood, and by enhanced survival of infected mice. Verapamil treatment was associated with increased intracellular accumulation of drug, as shown by fluorescence of cells exposed to ethidium or DAPI, a fluorescent surrogate for berenil. These results suggest the importance of exploring the expression of the multiple drug-resistance gene in this series of parasites.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of isometamidium chloride and homidium bromide as prophylactic drugs for trypanosomiasis in cattle at Nguruman, Kenya.

The duration of prophylaxis provided by isometamidium chloride and homidium bromide, each at a dose rate of 1 mg kg-1 bodyweight, was compared in a 12-month field trial involving groups of 30 zebu cattle in south-west Kenya. The trial took place between February 1990 and February 1991 and included several months of high trypanosome challenge. Cattle in the prophylaxis groups were retreated on a group basis when 10% of the group had become infected since the previous group treatment. On this basis the mean intervals between retreatment were 7.5 +/- 1.9 and 4.6 +/- 2.1 weeks for the isometamidium and homidium groups, respectively. Weight gains in the two groups were similar. In spite of the need for more frequent treatment in the homidium group as compared to the isometamidium group, total drug costs were lower in the former. There was evidence of Trypanosoma congolense resistant to homidium and some evidence of T. vivax resistant to isometamidium.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The effect of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection on rabbit plasma iron and zinc concentrations.

Changes in plasma iron and zinc concentration were studied in rabbits following a needle challenge with Trypanosoma brucei brucei clone ILTat 2.1. The infection resulted in a decrease of the concentration of both trace elements. Plasma iron concentrations decreased gradually and were decreased maximally to 52.3% of pre-infection levels on day 18 post-inoculation. Plasma zinc concentrations, on the other hand, decreased more rapidly and were decreased maximally to 27.4% of pre-infection levels on day 3 post-inoculation. The onset of these decreases coincided with the appearance of parasites in the peripheral blood. Furthermore, the magnitude of their decrease correlated closely with the level and duration of the parasitaemia. Other abnormal findings, namely, anaemia and periods of leucocytosis and leukopenia, were also observed. This study therefore demonstrates that depression in plasma iron and zinc concentrations is part of the acute phase response in rabbits infected with this clone of T. b. brucei.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1979

Replication of the linear mitochondrial DNA of Tetrahymena pyriformis.

1. Electron micrographs of the linear mtDNA from Tetrahymena pyriformis strain GL show linear molecules with a duplex 'eye' of variable size in the middle. This indicates that replication of this DNA starts near the middle of the molecule and proceeds bidirectionally to the ends, as previously shown for the mtDNA of strain ST (Arnberg, A.C., Van Bruggen, E.F.J., Clegg, R.A., Upholt, W.B. and Borst, P. (1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 361, 266-276). The mtDNAs of these two strains have little base sequence homology beyond the ribosomal RNA cistron (Goldbach, R.W., Bollen-De Boer, J.E., Van Bruggen, E.F.J. and Borst, P. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 521, 187-197). 2. Electron micrographs of mtDNA from strain ST, spread under non-denaturing conditions, contain only molecules with fully duplex ends. mtDNA spread under conditions of early denaturation contains duplex loops on one end (40% of all molecules) or both ends (37%). The loops are stable to partial denaturation and vary in size from 0.15 to approximately 1.0 micron, most loops measuring 0.25--0.40 micron. No loops are formed with single-stranded DNA under analogous conditions and we conclude from this result that loop formation is based on the presence of straight, rather than inverted, duplications near the ends. 3. When full-length 3H-labelled mtDNA from strain ST, 32P-labelled at the 5'-termini with T4 polynucleotide kinase, was sedimented in alkaline sucrose gradients, greater than 70% of the 3H and less than 30% of the 32P cosedimented with full-length molecules; the remaining 32P sedimented heterogeneously and predominantly with the DNA less than 10% the size of intact single strands. Brief incubations of full-length mtDNA with DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli and labelled dNTPs at 15 degrees C did not lead to preferential labelling of terminal EcoRI fragments of the DNA. From these results we infer that the DNA contains nicks or gaps near the termini and that these are not bordered by free 3'-OH groups. 4. A model is presented in which straight sequence repetitions at the termini of Tetrahymena pyriformis mtDNA are involved in the later stages of replication. This model can also account for the pronounced terminal heterogeneity previously observed in this DNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Netropsin, distamycin and berenil interact differentially with a high-affinity binding site for the high mobility group protein HMG-I.

Netropsin, distamycin, berenil and the chromosomal protein HMG-I share the ability to bind preferentially to AT-rich regions of DNA. We studied the binding behaviour of the chemical agents towards a high-affinity binding site for HMG-I by DNase I and MPE footprinting and analyzed their ability to challenge HMG-I-DNA complexes by competition experiments. Significant differences in the binding affinities and in the efficiencies to abolish HMG-I-DNA complexes were observed for the three drugs. Netropsin proved to be the most avidly binding compound and the most efficient competitor raising the interesting possibility that netropsin affects cell growth by interfering with HMG-I-DNA interaction.

Amidines↗
PubMed1992

Enhancement and alteration of bleomycin-catalyzed site-specific DNA cleavage by distamycin A and some minor groove binders.

The effects of compounds which bind in the DNA minor groove of A.T rich sequences, on bleomycin-catalyzed site-specific DNA cleavage were investigated by a DNA sequencing technique. Distamycin A enhanced bleomycin-catalyzed DNA cleavage in G.C rich sequences such as 5'-GGGGC-3' (under scoring; the cleaved nucleotide). The cleavage in such a sequence in the presence of distamycin A was greater than that in the absence of distamycin A by as much as about 100 times. Neither Hoechst 33258, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nor berenil caused extensive enhancement. The results suggest that the distamycin-induced conformational changes of DNA through interactions other than the DNA minor groove binding in A.T-rich sequences are specifically suitable for the bleomycin action.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Trypanocidal and antitumour activity of platinum-metal and platinum-metal-drug dual-function complexes.

A number of antitumour platinum-metal complexes related to cis-platin showed trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma rhodesiense in vitro but not in vivo. New platinum- and rhodium-metal complexes of diamidine and plenanthridinium trypanocides are described which showed higher therapeutic indices than the parent drugs, due to increased activity in the former drug type and decreased toxicity in the latter. Some evidence of potentiation of antitumour activity was noted in these drug complexes. At the ultrastructural level, complex-treated trypanosomes showed a number of nuclear effects and other lesions specifically attributable to platinum-metal action. Some of the lesions were similar to those induced by cis-platin in tumour cells.

Animals↗