SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Data Collection”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Fully three-dimensional reconstruction from data collected on concentric cubes in Fourier space: implementation and a sample application to MRI.

An algorithm is proposed for rapid and accurate reconstruction from data collected in Fourier space at points arranged on a grid of concentric cubes. The Fourier transform of the object to be reconstructed is decomposed into the sum of three functions by subdividing its domain into three non-overlapping mutually orthogonal double pyramids. Each of the three functions is zero-valued outside one of the double pyramids and has values inside that double pyramid which are the same as those of Fourier transform of the object to be reconstructed at the same points. Inverse Fourier transforms of these individual functions can be calculated using the chirp z-transform. The outputs of these inverse transforms for the three functions are estimates of their values at points of the same rectangular grid. The function to be reconstructed is estimated for this grid by adding together the three inverse transforms. The whole process has computational complexity of the same order as required for the 3D fast Fourier transform and so (for medically relevant sizes of the data set) it is faster than backprojection into the same size rectangular grid. The design of the algorithm ensures that no interpolations are needed, in contrast to methods involving backprojection with their unavoidable interpolations. As an application, a 3D data collection method for MRI has been designed which directly samples the Fourier transform of the object to be reconstructed on concentric cubes as needed for the algorithm.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1986

Data collection organization effect in the National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey.

The National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey (NMCUES), which has a complex survey design, was further complicated by combining two independently drawn national samples of households from the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) and the National Opinion Research Center (NORC). It is assumed that because the structures of both national area samples are similar, they are thereby compatible and allow for the derivation of unbiased national estimates of relevant health parameters. However, even though the two survey organizations operate under a common set of survey conditions with comparable samples, the actual data generated may differ across them, over and above differences due to pure sampling error. The NORC sample had a higher representation of individuals living in non-SMSA urban areas, of individuals with fair or poor health status, and of individuals incapable of performing usual activity. In addition, significantly higher mean estimates of the number of restricted activity days, of total charges for dental visits, for non-doctor visits and for hospital stays, and of overall total charges, characterized the NORC sample. The consistent directional difference in these health care estimates indicated a data collection organization effect was operational in the NMCUES. A comparison of item nonresponse rates, however, indicated the level of data quality on this dimension was generally equivalent across survey organizations. Further, the observed survey design differentials across organizations did not significantly differ in their impact on the precision in survey estimates. When a data collection organization effect is operational for a set of related survey statistics, as in the National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey, the use of more than one survey organization should be seriously considered.

Catchment Area, Health↗

PubMed1995

International Poison Information Center data collection capabilities.

Hundreds of poison information centers are in operation throughout the world. Their common objective is to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with accidental and intentional poisoning exposures. However, there is little information available which describes the impact of the centers on the outcome of poisonings or on poisoning trends. The objective of this project was to determine the data collection capabilities of poison information centers outside of the US with a goal of ascertaining whether a common database existed and if an international database of poisoning exposures could be developed. A survey was developed which requested information on the specific instrument used to document poisoning exposures, how that information was compiled, whether it was available in a computer database, the type of database, and whether it was available to external agencies and at what cost. The survey was sent to 75 poison information centers outside of the US. The data were compiled and analyzed using Paradox 3.5. Twenty-four of the 75 poison information centers completed and returned the surveys. Four of the 24 had no computer capabilities and only 9 centers indicated a willingness to share data. The majority of the databases were in a DOS format, but no consistent type of database software was used. If the sample that responded to the survey is representative of the international poison information center community, there is neither a common data collection instrument nor a common toxic exposure surveillance system which can be used to identify poisoning trends or to track the outcome of poisonings. A concerted effort to create a universal database on poisoning exposures should be considered.

Data Collection↗

PubMed2003

Electronic data collection tools for quality improvement: antibiotic utilization project.

The project goal is to provide data on patterns of broad-spectrum antibiotic use in a pediatric clinic by utilizing electronic data collection tools. This was carried out as a quality improvement project sponsored by a local health network and one of its affiliated pediatric clinics. Pharmacy data was available to show relative rates of broad-spectrum antibiotic use, but this data was not linked to diagnostic categories or to total patient visits. There was also a lack of data showing the influence of related clinical factors and of shared decision-making between parents and physicians. Data to elucidate these factors was obtained with handheld computers used by physicians and with a web survey tool was used by patients and staff.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1999

Some notes on choices in data collection.

Collecting optimum X-ray diffraction data involves a number of choices and compromises, including choice of crystal, source, rotation range, exposure time and programs for integration and scaling. This paper presents a series of questions which should be considered in planning a data-collection experiment.

X-Ray Diffraction↗

PubMed1976

Medical economics survey-methods study: design, data collection, and analytical plan.

This paper describes the background, methodology, data collection, and analytical plan of a pilot investigation conducted under contract for the National Center for Health Statistics during 1975. The objective was to determine the cost effectiveness of a variety of strategies under consideration for national application to develop previously unavailable information on utilization of, and the costs and payments for, health care. Detailed data on health care utilization and expenditures were collected periodically from a panel of 691 Maryland households over a six-month interval. Issues to be tested through a random experimental design include whether periodicity (monthly vs bimonthly interviews) and type of contact (in-person vs telephone) are significant factors in the cost effectiveness of this type of survey. An extensive record check involving all providers and third-party payers identified in the household survey was carried out. Record information will be used to 1) provide a basis for measuring accuracy of household data, 2) fill gaps in household knowledge, and 3) determine whether a subset of the record sources can provide adequate information for correcting household data. The household survey resulted in an initial response rate of 77.5 per cent with a subsequent attrition rate over six months of 13.6 per cent. Signed permission to access record data was obtained for 84.9 per cent of the individuals completing the entire survey. The most intensive survey strategy, monthly, mostly in-person contact, resulted in the lowest participation. The analytical plan presents details of the approaches to be taken in making judgments on the relative accuracy and completeness of data obtained by the various survey strategies and the contribution made by availability of data from record sources.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Data collection in multi-center clinical trials via Internet. A generic system in Java.

Data collection via Internet is usually performed with an HTML/CGI combination, which has a lot of disadvantages, most important the lack of security features. We therefore have developed a system written entirely in Java, which implements a true client/server application based on TCP/IP. The documents are created using a multi-lingual data dictionary, and the used GUI components are able to perform plausibility checks, which improves quality of the data. The system is designed to be easily extensible so that it can be used in almost any kind of clinical trials. It is based on a three-tier model where client requests are handled and monitored by an application server. We will describe this system and it's implementation and compare it to the HTML/CGI approach. Of special interest are security features, which are possible through the use of Java.

Computer Systems↗

PubMed1996

The second national survey of infection in hospitals: methods of data collection and overall impressions.

The Hospital Infection Society, in association with the Public Health Laboratory Service and the Infection Control Nurses Association, launched the Second National Prevalence Survey of Infection in Hospitals in 1993. On completion of the survey, 157 hospitals throughout the British Isles had taken part with approximately 37 000 patients surveyed. The survey in the Royal Hospitals Trust, Belfast, included all inpatients who were present in the wards on the survey day. Infection control nurses (ICNs) from a selected number of the other participating hospitals were sent questionnaires and asked about their methods of data collection, and their overall impression of the Second National Survey. All respondents received help in performing the survey, but only 10% provided prior training to ward staff before the survey visit. Sixty-five percent of respondents supplied information to the wards prior to the survey visit. In comparison with the questionnaire respondents, it was found that using a 'link' nurse to assist in data collection was much more efficient in relation to the time involved. Many ICNs expressed concern over the amount of time spent on this survey, although in general the value of such a survey was appreciated. Twenty-six percent of respondents indicated that they would not be willing to undertake a future survey.

Cross Infection↗

PubMed1999

Under representation of morbidity from paediatric bicycle accidents by official statistics--a need for data collection in the accident and emergency department.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the accuracy of currently available data on bicycle related injuries in children. SETTING: A paediatric accident and emergency (A&E) department which annually treats approximately 30000 new patients under the age of 13 years. METHODS: Data on all attendances with bicycle related injuries over a four week period were compared with that currently available from police road traffic accident data (Stats 19) and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, hospital discharge coding. RESULTS: Eighty six children attended the A&E department. Only two bicycle related injuries were identified from Stats 19, and 10 from hospital discharge data. CONCLUSION: Currently available official data do not give an accurate representation of the incidence of bicycle related injuries in children. If health promotion measures are to be assessed properly data collection needs to be improved.

Bicycling↗

PubMed1998

Exposure measurement in cohort studies: the challenges of prospective data collection.

Cohort study designs have several advantages over case-control studies in terms of exposure measurement. If exposure measurement occurs before disease occurrence, cohort studies are much less prone to differential measurement error. Prospective data collection should also reduce measurement error due to poor recall of past exposures. The primary drawback of cohort studies is the large sample size leading to high data collection costs. Several approaches to reduce such costs have been discussed in this presentation, such as selection of lower cost measurement methods and fully measuring the exposure only on a subsample of the cohort (e.g., nested case-control design). However, other innovative approaches to reduce costs are needed. In addition, study reviewers should also consider that the higher costs are justified in relation to the several benefits of this study design, which include not only less measurement error, but also less susceptibility to selection bias and often the ability to study multiple disease outcomes. Improving the accuracy of exposure measurement is increasingly important for cohort studies as we move on to the study of exposures that are difficult to measure or to those with lower relative risks of disease. In such studies, attenuation of the relative risk by the effects of measurement error can lead to failure to detect an association between exposure and disease. The validity of exposure measurements could be improved by a better understanding of the biologically active agent and etiologically important time period of the exposure-disease relation, and by incorporating these into the measure. Long-term cohort studies which cover the etiologically relevant time period could improve the accuracy of measures of exposures by use of repeated biologic measures or repeated updates of self-reported exposures. Measurement error also can be reduced by judicious choice of a cohort to study and by careful attention to quality control procedures. Continued emphasis on the evaluation and improvement of the measurement properties of instruments used in epidemiologic studies will improve the validity of the results of cohort studies.

Cohort Studies↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Drugs of abuse: data collection systems of DEA and recent trends.

The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration has several different systems for collecting information on drugs of abuse. One is an early warning system, which collects information to provide scientific data and interpretation on drug abuse. Another is the collection of data from evidence submitted to DEA laboratories. This is a review of the significance of the data in each system and an examination of some of the trends observed from the data.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗

PubMed2004

A Paradox-based data collection and management system for multi-center randomized clinical trials.

We have developed a Paradox-based data collection and management system for large-scale multi-site randomized clinical trials. The system runs under Windows operating system and integrates Symantec pcAnywhere32 telecommunications software for data transmission and remote control sessions, PKZIP utility for the compression/decompression of transmitted data, and Stat/Transfer for exporting the centralized Paradox database for analyses. We initially developed this system for VA Cooperative Study #399 'The Effect of Antiarrhythmic Therapy in Maintaining Stability of Sinus Rhythm in Atrial Fibrillation', which collects over 1000 variables on 706 patients at 20 sites. Patient intake for this 5-year study began in March of 1998. We have also developed an enhanced version of this system, which is being used in the NIH-funded 'Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial (GAIT)' that collects over 1200 variables on 1588 patients at 13 sites. Patient intake for this 4-year study began in October of 2000.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1992

TCK: a clinical genetics data collection system.

This work examines the database design and user interface design for a clinical genetics data collection system known as TCK. A specific design goal is automatic generation of the CORN reports. Emphasis in this paper is on how the logical data model resulting from the database design, and the user interface work together to enforce the enterprise results pertaining to data. Data screens are shown, sample queries are explained and the data mapping to the CORN reports presented.

Computer Simulation↗

PubMed2002

An assessment of the effect of data collection setting on the prevalence of health risk behaviors among adolescents.

PURPOSE: To examine the effect of data collection setting on the prevalence of priority health risk behaviors among adolescents. METHODS: Analyses were conducted using data from two national probability surveys of adolescents, the 1993 national school-based Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and the 1992 household-based National Health Interview Survey (NHIS/YRBS). Forty-two items were worded identically on both surveys. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the 42 identically worded items (93%) showed that the YRBS produced estimates indicating higher risk than the NHIS. Twenty-four of these comparisons yielded statistically significant differences. The prevalence estimates affected most were those for behaviors that are either illegal or socially stigmatized. CONCLUSIONS: School-based surveys produce higher prevalence estimates for adolescent health risk behaviors than do household-based surveys. Each has advantages and disadvantages, and both can play a role in assessing these behaviors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994