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PubMedDate not supplied

A PC-based workstation for real-time acquisition, processing, and display of electromyogram signals.

A system for real-time acquisition, processing, display, and logging of multiple channels of the EMG waveform has been described. By designing this system around the configuration of a standard PC, custom hardware was avoided. Similarly, software was designed in a higher-level language (C), simplifying the programming burden and minimizing custom software development. Components of the software are available off the shelf. The computational capacity of generic PCs facilitates very high rates of numeric calculation, as required by some advanced EMG amplitude estimation algorithms. Computational capacity is expected to increase, facilitating ever more numerically intensive EMG algorithms that are likely to be developed in the future. The system described here has been used in the development of an adaptive window EMG amplitude-estimation algorithm. The system is extensible and can be altered for many uses related to EMG and biosignal processing.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

Job demands, muscle activity and musculoskeletal symptoms in relation to work with the computer mouse.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed work postures, movements, psychosocial job demands, and shoulder and wrist extensor muscle activity and registered the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms of computer-aided design (CAD) operators. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was used to study the use of the computer mouse, psychosocial work factors, and musculoskeletal symptoms among 149 CAD operators. A workplace study was performed using observations, electrogoniometers on the wrists, and electromyography to measure exposures and physiological responses during CAD work among a subgroup of the CAD operators. RESULTS: Musculoskeletal symptoms were far more prevalent for the arm or hand operating the mouse than for the other arm or hand, and women were more affected than men. The symptoms may be related to such risk factors as repetitive movements, static postures (eg, ulnar-deviated and extended wrist on the mouse side), and static muscular activation patterns. The risk factors were present due to continuous mouse use and possibly also due to high demands for mental attentiveness, precision, and information processing. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure during work with a computer mouse may present a risk for developing musculoskeletal symptoms. Improvements should focus on introducing more variation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Clinical event management using push technology--implementation and evaluation at two health care centers.

For two years, beginning in 1995, we developed and implemented a novel method for delivering patient information directly to clinicians. Using rules based logic to scan data bound for an electronic medical record, messages were automatically written that alert care providers to important patient information. These messages were transmitted electronically to either existing email accounts or to wide-screen pagers, or to both. This system now is operational at two medical centers. We describe the model and methods that led to its successful implementation and compare it to other ways of delivering patient information.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative computed tomography at peripheral measuring sites.

Three most frequently used noninvasive procedures for bone quantitations are dual photon absorptiometry [DPA, DPX] and quantitative computed tomography [QCT]. The peripheral QCT allows trabecular and cortical bone to quantitated separately, radiation dose is very low and precision very high.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1992

Peripheral controllers and devices--Part 1.

In this article, we looked at several peripherals, described their characteristics, and described how they are connected to computers. We included some discussions of problems caused by electrical and mechanical differences between computers and peripheral devices. During the past few years, many companies have addressed such problems. Numerous standards have been defined as a result of this work. These standards specify everything from what type of connectors will be used to the timing of electrical signals. They make it easier for peripheral manufacturers to design their devices for a wide range of computers. Peripherals and their controllers are important components of any computer system. Sometimes, however, other parts of the system, such as the control unit and main memory, receive more attention. Many engineers want to design new processors, but shy away from the design of peripherals and controllers; they consider such designs less glamorous. In reality, designs for some peripherals and their controllers can be more challenging than the design of the CPU itself. A computer without peripherals is of little use, other than as a paper weight. Until we attach peripherals to the computer, none of its power is accessible to the user. Peripherals turn computers into useful tools.

Computer Peripherals↗
PubMed1985

A time-lapse, image digitization videomicroscope system based on a mini computer with large peripheral memory.

We describe a time-lapse image digitization videomicroscope system that uses a mini computer as the main processing unit in conjunction with a large peripheral memory for storing multiple digitized images. The advantage of the system lies in its ability to facilitate acquisition and analysis of data relative to size, location and optical density of cells and cellular structure using elementary image processing techniques. This system can also potentially control microscope stage movement, enabling acquisition of larger amounts of data per time-lapse experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Macrostructural analysis of peripheral lung cancer by computed tomography].

The macrostructure of peripheral cancer of the lung was studied using computed tomography-based densitometric data in 47 patients. The study was concerned with detecting epicenters of tumor growth and identifying necrosis and calcinosis. It was found that the presence of microcalcinates in tumor cannot be considered an absolute criterion of benignity. However, it may be used as indicator of the degree of lung tumor malignancy. Densitometric analysis of the said structure provides means for identifying histologic pattern of tumor, making prognosis, carrying out computed tomography-controlled aiming biopsy and improving it.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2005

Quantitative computed tomography detects peripheral airway disease in asthmatic children.

The aim of this study was to compare air-trapping as quantified by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest with measures of lung function and airway inflammation in children with mild to moderate asthma. Plethysmography indices, respiratory resistance, and reactance before and after bronchodilator with impulse oscillation (IOS), exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), total eosinophil count (TEC), and serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels were measured in 21 subjects. A single-cut HRCT image at end-expiration was obtained. Air-trapping was quantified and expressed in terms of the pixel index (PI) by determining the percentage of pixels in lung fields below -856 and -910 Hounsfeld units (HU). Pairwise linear correlations between PI and other parameters were evaluated. Subjects had only mild airflow limitation based on prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV(1)), but were hyperinflated and had air-trapping based on elevated total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV)/TLC ratio, respectively. The PI at -856 HU was positively correlated with % predicted TLC, total gas volume (TGV), and ECP level, and was inversely correlated with FEV(1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and % predicted forced expiratory flow between 25-75% FVC (FEF(25-75)). The PI at -910 HU correlated similarly with these variables, and also correlated positively with IOS bronchodilator reversibility. This data suggest that quantitative HRCT may be a useful tool in the evaluation of peripheral airflow obstruction in children with asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A computational model of cerebellar cortex and peripheral muscle.

A computational model, suitable for analytical or machine simulation studies, is developed for a specific cerebellar loop, the pathway from muscle fibre stretch receptors to the cerebellar cortex and back again. The model adheres to physiological data from the cat, and employs features from several existing models, including a single neuron model developed and tested earlier. Also included is a mechanical equivalent to an idealised muscle, in this case a rectangular array of muscle fibres which map 1-to-1 onto the array of compartments which form the cerebellar cortex. Much of the literature on cerebellar models is briefly reviewed, as are several key physiological experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Mechanical strength of the thoracolumbar spine in the elderly: prediction from in situ dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography (QCT), upper and lower limb peripheral QCT, and quantitative ultrasound.

The objective of this study was to compare the ability of clinically available densitometric measurement techniques for evaluating vertebral strength in elderly individuals. Measurements were related to experimentally determined failure strength in the thoracic and lumbar spine. In 127 specimens (82 women and 45 men, age 80 +/- 10 years), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed at the lumbar spine, femur, radius, and total body, and peripheral-quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the distal radius, tibia, and femur under in situ conditions with intact soft tissues. Spinal QCT and calcaneal ultrasound parameters were performed ex situ in degassed specimens. Mechanical failure loads of thoracic vertebrae 6 and 10 (T-6 and -10), and lumbar vertebra 3 (L-3) were determined in axial compression on functional three-segment units. In situ anteroposterior DXA and QCT of the lumbar spine explained approximately 65% of the variability of thoracolumbar failure. A combination of cortical and trabecular density (QCT) provided the best prediction in the lumbar spine. However, this was not the case in the thoracic spine, for which lumbar cortical density (QCT) and DXA provided significantly better estimates than trabecular density (QCT). pQCT was significantly less correlated with the strength of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae (r(2) = 40%), but was equivalent to femoral or radial DXA. pQCT measurements in the lower limb showed no advantage over those at the distal radius. Ultrasound explained approximately 25% of the variability of vertebral failure strength and added independent information to spinal QCT, but not to spinal DXA. These experimental results advocate site-specific assessment of vertebral strength by either spinal DXA or QCT.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1986

The use of the signal averaging computer for evaluation of peripheral nerve problems.

Utilization of signal averaging computers to analyze evoked nerve potentials generated by an electrical stimulus is a useful adjunct to clinical evaluation. Currently, somatosensory evoked responses are useful for the evaluation of the peripheral nerve with suspected compression syndromes, neuropathies of unknown etiologies, post-traumatic injuries, neuromas-in-continuity, and brachial plexus injuries. Further refinements in the system will result in increased clinical application of this useful modality. Present data indicate that neuromas with a conduction velocity of less than 10 meters per second or an amplitude of less than one fourth of normal should be considered unfavorable neuromas, and if clinically correlated, resection and repair anticipated. Conduction velocity slowing of greater than 20 meters per second across a potential site of compression neuropathy at the wrist using short-segment study should also be viewed as undesirable and will usually correlate with clinical findings on an abnormal von Frey test. The somatosensory response in compression neuropathy usually correlates better with the clinical finding than with an EMG.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Computer analysis of peripheral pulse curves].

The methodical fundaments as well as the technical solutions for a technique of the computerized analysis of non-invasively registered peripheral arterial pulse curves are demonstrated. Hereby a quantitative analysis of the pulse curves using new and significant evaluation parameters is performed as well as a reference to the probability diagnosis for the total estimation of the pulse curve is given. The technique is realised in form of a mobile microcomputer measuring place and allows an automatic registration, evaluation documentation and recording of rheograms and pulse oscillograms, respectively immediately at the patient's bed and is suited for a broad application in the angiological preliminary and special diagnostics.

Computers↗
PubMed1998

Problems of bone analysis in childhood and adolescence.

The monitoring of bone metabolism and skeletal development during childhood and adolescence is becoming increasingly important in the prevention of osteoporosis. This is especially important in patients with chronic disorders. The predominant changes in the skeletal system during growth occur as geometric adaptation processes which lead to an increase in bone mass and bone strength. These changes can be measured with linear absorption methods (single-photon absorptiometry, dual-photon absorptiometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), computed tomographic procedures (peripheral quantitative computed tomography, quantitative computed tomography), and sonographic procedures. The aim of this review is to explain the problems of interpretation of the investigations due to growth-dependent changes. Almost all methods and their parameters, such as bone density, spongiosa density, cortical density, ultrasound transmission velocity, etc., are influenced, in varying degree, by growth-dependent skeletal changes.

Adolescent↗