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PubMed2003

[Role of the surgeon in the hospital infections control committees].

Hospital-acquired infections are the ones that develop within hospital stay or appear after discharge. These infections are associated with an increased rate of morbidity and mortality, longer hospital stay and higher hospital costs and Hospital Infections Control Committees have been founded to prevent it. In this review, we intended to investigate the role of the surgeon in this committee.

Committee Membership↗
PubMed2003

Should consensus be 'the commission method' in the US? The perspective of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, regulations, and case law.

This paper examines the drive for consensus from the perspective of the good government framework for federal advisory commissions in the United States. Specifically, the paper examines the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA)--the statute, its regulations, and case law. It shows that the FACA was intended to be an antidote to abuses in consensus-making processes, including the failure to fully include competing views on commissions. The index of suspicion in the FACA scheme rises when a group work product--including a consensus report--is to be the basis of recommendations to federal officials. Once FACA's requirements regarding committee composition are satisfied, the index of suspicion drops and FACA is indifferent to consensus-making; but the conditions for informed, meaningful participation apply to members who dissent from, as well as those who participate in, consensus. In negotiated rulemaking, the push for consensus and closure creates unacceptable tension with the good government goals of openness and accountability. Proponents of consensus-only bioethics commissions can learn from FACA-related legislative, agency, and judicial insights that consensus-seeking is not always desired by government officials; is rarely cost free; and that diversity and dissent enhance openness, accountability, and fairness. The burden of proof is therefore on proponents of a consensus-only standard for bioethics commissions to demonstrate that a drive for consensus furthers sound decision-making by government officials more than it sets back openness and accountability to a diverse public.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1991

RBRVS report: activities of the Ad Hoc Committee for Physicians' Reimbursement.

The Ad Hoc Committee to study the Resource-Based Relative Value Study has been active for more than 2 years. This Committee's membership was initially appointed by The Society for Thoracic Surgeons, but was quickly expanded so as to represent virtually all this nation's surgeons practicing the specialty of cardiothoracic and vascular surgery. This address describes the general activities of the Committee since its organization. It includes: 1. A brief description of the resource-based relative value scale (RBRVS). 2. The Committee's investigation of Harvard RBRVS Phase I as it relates to our specialty. 3. The Committee's findings and resultant testimony to the federal government and the American Medical Association. 4. The genesis and conduct of an independent study of the specialty. 5. A summary of our current position with respect to federal initiatives.

Relative Value Scales↗
PubMed1992

Consumer response to Clothier.

Considering the importance of the subject on which it reported, it is remarkable that there has been so little public discussion of the Clothier report on the ethics of gene therapy. Published last January (see Bulletin 75 for its conclusions and recommendations) it was open for further comment and discussion until May, while the committee has remained in being. There follow three comments on the report, from a consumer group, from a social worker, and from a group of social scientists.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed1985

1983 AAGL survey. Professional profile of the membership. AAGL Research and Survey Committee.

The average AAGL physician does general obstetrics and gynecology, with 135 deliveries, 41 hysterectomies and 38 IUD insertions a year in addition to about 50 laparoscopies for sterilization and 43 for diagnosis. About 1 in 10 will experience a major complication, and 1 in 25 will undergo medicolegal actions, although their complication rates as a group are no higher than those of the total membership.

Gynecology↗
PubMed2004

Oversight of research involving the dead.

Research involving the dead, especially heart-beating cadavers, may facilitate the testing of potentially revolutionary and life-saving medical treatments. However, to ensure that such research is conducted ethically, it is essential to: (1) identify appropriate standards for this research and (2) assign institutional responsibility and a mechanism for oversight. Protocols for research involving the dead should be reviewed by a special committee and assessed according to nine standards intended to ensure scientific merit, to protect deceased patients and their families, and to promote institutional integrity and responsibility. Federal regulation of research involving the dead will foster appropriate standards and, equally importantly, help establish the acceptability of such research.

Advance Directive Adherence↗
PubMed2004

Ethics, regulation, and biomedical research.

Controversy has surrounded the institutions that facilitate discussion and regulation of American biomedical research for years. Recent challenges to the legitimacy of the President's Council on Bioethics have been focused on stem cell research. These arguments represent an opportunity to reconsider the legislation under which stem cell research is regulated, as well as to consider preexisting bodies like the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee and National Bioethics Advisory Commission. This paper proposes a Federal Life Sciences Policy Commission, a novel commission with advisory and regulatory powers that would benefit from the positive and negative lessons learned under the legislation that currently shapes the formation and institutional characteristics of advisory bodies in the United States. The Federal Life Sciences Policy Commission would have institutional independence not present in previous advisory bodies, while maintaining the tradition of broad societal representation and thoughtful discourse that has developed in the United States.

Advisory Committees↗
PubMed2004

The "nation's conscience:" assessing bioethics commissions as public forums.

As the fifth national bioethics commission has concluded its work and a sixth is currently underway, it is time to step back and consider appropriate measures of success. This paper argues that standard measures of commissions' influence fail to fully assess their role as public forums. From the perspective of democratic theory, a critical dimension of this role is public engagement: the ability of a commission to address the concerns of the general public, to learn how average citizens resolve moral issues in healthcare, and to monitor public opinion on the topics addressed in the commission. Such a public forum role is supported by the critical literature within bioethics, which has deemed some commissions successful, supported more generally by the history of bioethics as a reform discourse that has brought socially important values into the medical domain, and supported more generally still by the example of the great social issues commissions of the 1960s.

Advisory Committees↗